Lecture 9 by MR Akhilesh Gupta On PSC I-Girder Worked Example PDF

REFRESHER COURSE ON IRC:112
B&SEC
Refresher Course on “Concrete Bridge Design using Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges (IRC 112)”
BASIC FEATURES B&SEC
POST-TENSIONED GIRDER
- TENDONS ARE PRESTRESSED AFTER CONCRETE GAINS THE REQUISITE
MINIMUM STRENGTH AND MATURITY.
- CAST AT CONSTRUCTION SITE
- DRAPED TENDON PROFILE
PRE-TENSIONED GIRDER
- TENDONS ARE PRESTRESSED BEFORE CONCRETING. WHEN
CONCRETE ATTAINS REQUIRED STRENGTH. JACKS ARE RELAXED AND
STRANDS ARE CUT ONE BY ONE SYMMETRICALLY ABOUT THE
VERTICAL AXIS
- PRESTRESS IS TRANSFERRED TO THE
- CONCRETE THROUGH BOND
- CASTING BED AND YARD REQD.
- NO NEED OF GROUTING
- NO NEED OF ANCHORAGES
- STRAIGHT TENDONS
PRETENSIONING OPERATIONS B&SEC
BEHIND THE ABUTMENT B/W ABUTMENT & 1ST GIRDER
2 JACKS TAKE REACTION FROM ABUTMENT AND PUSH THE STEEL ASSEMBLY
BACKWARD. FORCES ARE TRANSFER THROUGH MACALLOY BARS TO THE
FRONT STEEL ASSEMBLY WITH WEDGES FOR LOCKING STRANDS.
DETAILS OF HOLES FOR WEDGE FIXATION IN STEEL ASSEMBLY SHALL BE
COMMUNICATED TO THE EXECUTING AGENCY IN ADVANCE AND STRANDS
LAYOUT IN GIRDERS SHALL BE PLANNED ACCORDINGLY.
BENEFITS OF PRETENSIONED GIRDER
B&SEC
- AS COMPARED TO POST-TENSIONED GIRDERS, THE WEB THICKNESS IS

MUCH LESSER IN PRE-TENSIONED GIRDER, THEREFORE OVERALL
CONSTRUCTION COST OF THE STRUCTURE REDUCES
- EARLY CONCRETE STRENGTH IS ACHIEVED AT CASTING YARD(BY STEAM
CURING), CYCLE TIME GENERALLY 3-4DAYS
- LENGTH OF CASTING BED IS GENERALLY KEPT AS 100-200M. THEREFORE
NOS OF GIRDERS CAN BE STRESSED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN A LINE.
- BETTER COMPACTION OF CONCRETE (NEEDLE & SHUTTER VIBRATORS)
- NUMBERS OF GIRDERS, COST OF CASTING YARD, STORAGE, HANDLING
AND TRANSPORTATION OF GIRDERS ARE THE MAJOR PARAMETERS FOR
ADOPTING THE TECHNIQUE
PRETENSIONED GIRDERS B&SEC
GIRDERS PLACED IN A
LINE ON CASTING
BED.
PRE-TENSIONING
Minimum C/C spacing between strands is 51mm(20mm –

debonding tube+ 2x15.24mm for strand) for 15.24mm strands
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
POST-TENSIONING
Minimum C/C spacing between 12T15 Tendons is 196mm( φ =

98MM, Outer Diameter)
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
REQUIREMENT OF THE DEBONDING/CURTAILMENT OF STRANDS
- COMPRESSION AT TOP FIBER OF GIRDER DUE TO ITS SELFWEIGHT
REDUCES AS WE MOVE AWAY FROM MIDSPAN
- TENSILE STRESS LIMITATIONS AT TOP FIBER
- A STRAND MAY BE PROVIDED AT TOP FLANGE IF REQUIRED
DEBONDING PRINCIPLE
- AT ANY CROSS SECTION, <33% OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF STRANDS
- < 50% OF THE STRANDS IN A ROW
- DEBONDING IS CARRIED OUT BY RIGID HDPE DEBONDING TUBES
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
TRANSMISSION/TRANSFER LENGTH AS PER § 15.3.3.2 OF IRC:112

Lpt - Length of tendon required for increasing stress from 0 to Effective
Prestress(fpe)
It includes the type of release of prestress, tendon, bond condition, design tensile
strength of concrete at time of release and the tendon stress after release of prestress
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
TRANSMISSION LENGTH AS PER IRC:SP:71 - 2006

lt = Kt.F/ (fci)0.5
FOR fci = 40Mpa , Previously - Transmission length = 575mm (approx.)

FOR M50 Girder with fci = 40Mpa , fctd = 1.5Mpa , Gradual release, 7 Wire
strands, good bond condition, Transmission length = 850mm (approx.)
As provision for calculation of transfer length are there in IRC:112 , therefore
Above clause has been deleted in latest version of the code
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
MIN. PRETEN GIRDER DIMENSIONS AS PER §3.3 OF SP:71-2018
CL GIRDER
3187.5
1500 1687.5
CL GIRDER
225
700
125 125
100 100
175
700
1550
1550
175
175
175
CHAMFER
225
225
(15x15)
700 700
BASIC FEATURES
B&SEC
IN POST-TENSIONED GIRDERS
- MINIMUM WEB THICKNESS REQUIREMENT IS GOVERNED BY THE

OUTER DUCT DIAMETER OF THE SHEATHING OF TENDON
FOR 12-T-15 TENDON , MIN. WEB THICKNESS REQUIRED IS 248MM
(75X2+98 , WHERE 75MM IS THE COVER AND 98MM IS THE O.D. OF
THE HDPE SHEATH)
DESIGN METHODOLOGY IS SIMILAR FOR PRE-TENSIONED AND

POST-TENSIONED GIRDER EXCEPT FOR:
- LOSSES DUE TO FRICTION AND SLIP
- ELASTIC SHORTENING LOSS (MUCH HIGHER IN PRETENSIONED
GIRDER)
B&SEC
WORKED OUT EXAMPLE FOR

PRETENSIONED GIRDER
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
B&SEC
ELEVATION
Superstructure : Precast PSC Pretensioned girder with RCC cast-in-situ deck

slab supported on bearings and two/three span (span length = 25m c/c exp.
Jt.) made continuous by deck continuity.
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
B&SEC
BASIC DATA B&SEC
Overall Span = 25.0 m

Effective Span = 23.2 m
Length of Girder = 22.9 m
No of Longitudinal Girders = 3 Nos
C/C spacing of Girders = 3.375 m
Thickness of End cross Girder = 0.6 m
Depth of Girder = 1.55 m (SPAN/DEPTH – 15)
Thickness of Deck Slab = 0.225 m
Grade of Concrete (girder) = M55
Grade of Concrete (slab) = M40
Age of girder (casting of slab) = 28 days
Age of Girder (SIDL laid) = 90 days
CALCULATION OF SECTION PROPERTIES
B&SEC
CL GIRDERCL GIRDER
3187.5 3187.5
1500 1500 1687.5 1687.5
CL GIRDER
CL GIRDER
225
225
700 700
5 125 125 125

0 100 100 100
175 175
700 700
1550
1550
1550
1550
175 175
175
175
175
CHAMFER CHAMFER 175

225
225
225
225
(15x15) (15x15)
700 700 700 700
GIRDER
GIRDER ALONE
ALONE COMPOSITE
COMPOSITE GIRDER
GIRDER
SECTION PROPERTIES OF OUTER GIRDER
B&SEC
A. Section Properties of Composite Section at Mid

Area 1.1901m2 Yb = 1.2375m YtS = 0.5375m
IZ = 0.4316m4 Zb = 0.3488m3 ZtS = 0.8030m3
YtG = 0.3125m
ZtG = 1.3811m3
B. Section Properties of Precast Girder at Mid
Area 0.5272m2 Yb = 0.7031m Yt = 0.8469m
IZ = 0.1585m4 Zb = 0.2254m3 Zt = 0.1872m3
C. Section Properties of Composite Section at Support

Area 1.3098m2 Yb = 1.2028m YtS = 0.5722m
IZ = 0.4564m4 Zb = 0.3795m3 ZtS = 0.7977m3
YtG = 0.3472m
ZtG = 1.3146m3
D. Section Properties of Precast Girder at Support
Area 0.6469m2 Yb = 0.7318m Yt = 0.8182m
IZ = 0.1700m4 Zb = 0.2323m3 Zt = 0.2078m3
CHECK FOR SHEAR LAG
EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF SLAB(§ 7.6.1.2 – IRC:112) B&SEC
1412.5 1600
175
b1 = 1.4125m b2 = 1.600m
beff1 = 0.2 x 1.4125 + 0.1 x 23.2 beff2 = 0.2 x 1.600 + 0.1 x 23.2
= 2.6025m > b1 = 2.640m > b2
beff1 = 1.4125m beff2 = 1.600m
For Outer Girder beff = 1.4125 + 1.600 + 0.175 = 3.1875 m

For Inner Girder beff = 1.600 + 1.600 + 0.175 = 3.375 m
LOADS
B&SEC
Analysis has been performed by grillage model using

Staad Pro.
Loads Considered:
1. Dead Load (including crash barrier)
2. SIDL (wearing coat)
3. Live Load (as per IRC 6)
4. Wind Load
5. Differential Temperature Load
6. Differential Shrinkage
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
B&SEC
C DIAPHRAGM/BRG.
Refresher Course onCL “Concrete Bridge DesignLusing Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges (IRC 112)”
DIAPHRAGM/BRG.
C
L DIAPHRAGM/BRG. L/2 CL SYMMETRY
350 L/2
LIFTING POSITION CL SYMME
350 LIFTING POSITION
L/2
350 LIFTING POSITION
1550
1550
1550
50 VARIES 3000 7600
50 VARIES 3000 7600
300
300 HALF ELEVATION
HALF
CL TEMP. BRG.ELEVATION
CL TEMP. BRG.
50 VARIES 3000 7600

CL GIRDER CL GIRDER
300 CL GIRDER CL GIRDER
700 HALF ELEVATION 700
700
700
125
125
125
CL TEMP. BRG. 125
76
100
300
76
175
100
175 300
CL GIRDER CL GIRDER
700 700
125
1550
1550
1550
1550
76
175 300
175
175
225 133
225 133
CHAMFER CHAMFERCHAMFER CHAMFER
225
225
(15x15) (15x15) (15x15) (15x15)

1550
1550
700 700 700 700
SECTION AT MID SECTION

SECTION AT SUPPORT
AT MID SECTION AT SUPPORT
SECTION CONSIDERED IN DESIGN
B&SEC
LARGE NO. OF DESIGN SECTIONS DUE TO CURTAILMENT

OF STRANDS
Summary of Bending Moment (Unfactored)
B&SEC
Summary of Shear Force (Ultimate)
B&SEC
Load Factor ; DL + SIDL1 = 1.35; SIDL 2 = 1.75; LL= 1.5; Wind = 0.9
PRESTRESSING STRANDS PARTICULARS
B&SEC
1. Nominal Diameter = 15.2 mm

2. Nominal Area = 140 mm2
3. Tensile Strength (fpk) = 1862 Mpa
4. Yield Strength (0.87fpk) = 1670 Mpa
5. Min. Breaking Load (1862*140/1000) = 260.7 kN
6. Young’s Modulus of Elasticity = 195 Gpa
7. Jacking Force at transfer = 77 % (20.46t)
8. Grade of Concrete = M55
9. Modulus of Elasticity = 36000 Mpa
CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN OF PRETENSIONED GIRDER

Three stages are addressed in design are Transfer Stage, Service Stage &
Ultimate Stage
Construction Program
1. Casting of PSC girder = 0 day
2. Transfer of prestress* = 3rd day ; fcj = 50Mpa
3. Casting of deck slab & diaphragm = 28th day; fcj = 55 Mpa
4. Wearing coat & Crash Barrier = 90th day
All the stress check, loss calculations will be checked as per construction
program.
*Maturity of concrete at time of transfer is 91%

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN OF PRETENSIONED GIRDER

- BASED ON STRESS-STRAIN COMPATIBILITY PRINCIPLE
- STRESSES DUE TO THE LOADS ACTING ON PRECAST SECTION
GET LOCKED ON ATTAINMENT OF THE COMPOSITE ACTION
PRESTRESS – GIRDER SECTION EFFECTIVE

SELFWEIGHT OF GIRDER – GIRDER SECTION EFFECTIVE
WET CONCRETE OF DECK SLAB – GIRDER SECTION EFFECTIVE
SIDL – COMPOSITE SECTION
LL – COMPOSITE SECTION
AFTER ATTAINMENT OF THE COMPOSITE ACTION I.E. 80% STRENGTH OF

DECK SLAB, FURTHER LOSSES SHALL BE CONSIDERED TO BE ACTING
ON COMPOSITE SECTION.
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN B&SEC
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
Grade of Concrete = M55

Concrete strength on 3rd day =0.91*55 = 50 Mpa
Temporary comp. stress on 3rd day =0.48*50 = 24 Mpa

Temporary Tensile stress on 3rd day =0.91*3.6 = 3.27 Mpa
Service stage compressive stress =0.48*55 = 26.4 Mpa

Mean tensile strength of concrete, fctm = 3.6 Mpa
B&SEC
Following load cases shall be considered. Each service stage load case shall be
considered with gsup = 1.05 & ginf = 0.95 as per clause 7.95 (6) of IRC: 112
RARE COMBINATION
TEMP
PRESTRESS RISE/
COMBINATION DL SIDL SURFACING LL WIND
FORCE TEMP
FALL
COMB1 1 1 1.2 1 1 0.6 -
COMB2 1 1 1.2 1 0.75 1 -
COMB3 1 1 1.2 1 1 - 0.6
COMB4 1 1 1.2 1 0.75 - 1
B&SEC
FREQUENT COMBINATION
TEMP
PRESTRESS
COMBINATION DL SIDL SURFACING LL RISE/ TEMP WIND
FORCE
FALL
COMB1 1 1 1.2 1 0.75 0.5 -
COMB2 1 1 1.2 1 0.2 0.6 -
COMB3 1 1 1.2 1 0.75 - 0.5
COMB4 1 1 1.2 1 0.2 - 0.6
A
STRAND LAYOUT
B&SEC
A
A
A
ELEVATION OF INNER GIRDER
A
A
dg is max size
of aggregate
33
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LOSSES IN PRE-TENSIONED GIRDER

Immediate Losses
1. Elastic Shortening Loss.
Time Dependent Losses

1. Relaxation Loss
2. Shrinkage Loss
3. Creep Loss
Additional Immediate Loss in Post-tensioned
1. Friction and Slip Loss.
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Relaxation Loss in steel

Just like concrete member undergoes shortening, the steel wires also
try to increase it’s length under constant stress. The code gives loss
as percentage depending upon the stress level.
Initial Stress Relaxation Loss for Low
Relaxation steel (%)
0.5 fp 0
0.6 fp 1.25
0.7 fp 2.5 0.77fp = 3.9%
0.8 fp 4.5
The values are 1000 hr. value. For the loss at infinity, multiply by 3.
Loss at infinity = 0.77fp *3.9/100*3 = 79t
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
t 23.86 79
Relaxation Loss (Total in t)
% 22.88
% of Relxation Loss in 72 hours
0.072^0.143*100/3 = 22.88%
Loss in force = 0.2288*79 = 18.07t

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Creep & Shrinkage Strain
bas = 1-EXP ( -0.2*(t)0.5 )
(1-bas)*ecs
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Saharanpur
Total Creep Strain 6.06E-04 per 10 Mpa

Creep Strain between 3 to 28 days 1.23E-04
Creep Strain between 28 to 90 days 9.62E-05
Creep Strain between 90 days to ∞ 2.76E-04 per 10 Mpa
LOSS CALCULATION FROM 3-28 DAYS

Loss in pre stress force = Strain *E steel *Area
Shrinkage loss = 0.00005867*195000*33*140/10000 = 5.29t
Creep Loss = 0.000123*195000*33*140/10000 = 11.08t per 10Mpa
For 1527.9t/m2 = 11.08/10*15.28 = 16.92t
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
CASE 1 : CHECK WITH gsup / ginf = 1.05
BM BM
S. No. SECTION Unit (SEC. 2- (SEC. 8-
2) 8)
Length of Segment m 1.600 1.465
1 Section Properties, Girder alone
2 Area, A m2 0.6162 0.5272
3 c.g from soffit, Yb m 0.7257 0.7031
4 M.O.I m4 0.1671 0.1585
5 Zt m3 0.2026 0.1872
6 Zb m3 0.2302 0.2254
7 M/Zt
8 B.M due to self wt. Of girder tm 16.2 81.1
9 top stress due to DL t/m2 79.9 433.5
10 bottom stress due to DL t/m2 -70.3 -359.9 M/Zb
11 Stage 1 Prestressing at 3
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Total No. of strands = 11 33

Net ecc. of strands from bottom, eb (m) = 0.208 0.186
20.46*33*1.05 -18.07
Stage 1 P. Force t 231.3 690.7

Av. Initial Force in strands t 378.6
Eccentricty of strands from bottom m 0.208 0.186
2
top stress due to P t/m -220 -598 P/A – Pe/Zt
2
bottom stress due to P t/m 915 2894
P/A + Pe/Zb
Total Stress after prestress
top stress t/m2 -141 -164
2
bottom stress t/m 845 2534
Immediate Losses in Stage 1 strands
2
Stress at C.G of strands t/m 712.9 2276.8
2
Weighted Av. Stress at c.g of Tendon t/m 1685.4
Elastic Shortening Loss (Total in t) t 14.33 43.00
Force in Prestressing strands after ES t 222.0 647.0 690.7 - 43
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Elastic Shortening Loss

Due to compressive stress imparted, the girder shortens. Due to this
there is a loss in the strand force called as Elastic Shortening loss. This
can be calculated as follows:
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Elastic Shortening Loss

Elastic Shortening Force Loss =
Comp Stress at CG of strands x modular ratio x Area of strands
-164 t/m2
CG of strands 1685.4 t/m2

+2534 t/m2
1685.4*195000/35307*33*140/10^6 = 43.0t
(PRETENSIONED GIRDER)
0.5*1685.4*195000/35307*33*140/10^6 = 21.5t
(IF POST-TENSIONED GIRDER)
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Stress due to Losses in Pre stress on

account of E. Shortening
t/m2 18.47 52.93

top stress
t/m2 -76.66 -255.98
bottom stress
Stress at C.G of strands due to loss t/m2 -63.9 -218.9
t/m2
Av. Stress at c.g of Tendon due to loss -157.5
Stress at Transfer after 1st stage Prestress
t/m2
top stress -122 -128 < -327t/m2
t/m2
bottom stress 768 2356 < 2448 t/m2
Av. Stress at c.g of Tendon after
t/m2 1527.9
Immediate Loss
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Losses in Stage 1 strands,3-28 days

% of Relxation Loss in 3-28 days % 8.61 8.61% * 79t
Res. Shrinkage Strain between 3-28
0.000059
days
Shrinkage Loss (3-28 days) t 1.76 5.29
Res. Creep Strain between 3-28 days 0.000123
Losses due to Creep (3-28 days) t 5.64 16.92
Total Loss
(Shrinkage+Creep+Relaxation), 3-28 t 9.46 29.00
days
top stress : losses due to creep + shrinkage +
t/m2 8.82 25.13
Relaxation
bottom stress : losses due to creep + shrinkage +
t/m2 -36.62 -121.56
Relaxation
B.M due to Wt. D. Slab + X girder at 28 days tm 21.3 112.7
top stress due to DL t/m2 104.9 602.4
bottom stress due to DL t/m2 -92.3 -500.1
Stress after casting of deck slab
top stress t/m2 -8 500
bottom stress t/m2 639 1734
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Section Properties, Composite Section
Area, A m2 1.2923 1.1901
c.g from soffit, Yb m 1.2047 1.2375
M.O.I m4 0.4568 0.4316
Ztg m3 1.3229 1.3811
Zts m3 0.8010 0.8030
Zb m3 0.3792 0.3488
Losses in strands, 28-90 days
% of RL Loss in S1 strands, 28-90 days % 5.72
Relaxation Loss in S1 strands, 28-90 days t 1.37 4.52
Res. Shrinkage Strain between 28-90 days 0.000069
Shrinkage Loss, S1 strands, ( 28-90 days) t 2.06 6.18
Res. Creep Strain between 28-90 days 0.00010
Creep Loss, S1 strands, ( 28-90 days) t 3.45 10.36
Total Loss in S1 strands t 6.88 21.07
Stress due to Losses in Stage 1 Prestress on
account of Creep & Shrinkage
top slab stress t/m2 3.2 9.9
top girder stress t/m2 -0.1 -1.7
bottom stress t/m2 -23.4 -81.2
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Total Stress before SIDL at 90 days

top slab stress t/m2 3 10
top girder stress t/m2 -9 498
OK OK
Change of Support + SIDL Bending Moment tm 49.2 120.6
top slab stress due to SIDL t/m2 61.5 150.2
top girder stress due to SIDL t/m2 37.2 87.3
bottom stress due to SIDL t/m2 -129.8 -345.9
Total Stress after SIDL
top girder stress t/m2 29 585
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Losses in Stage 1 prestress,90days to infinity

% Residual Relaxation Loss 62.79
Relaxation Loss in S1,90days to infinity t 14.98 49.59
Residual Shrinkage Strain at 90 days 0.00016
Shrinkage Loss in S1,90days to infinity t 4.72 14.16
Res. Creep Strain beyond 90- days 0.00028
Creep Loss in S1,90 days to infinity t 7.64 22.92
Losses in Stage 2 prestress,90days to infinity
% Residual Relaxation Loss 62.79
Stress due to Losses in Stage 1 Prestress
on account of CR+SH+RL
top slab stress t/m2 12.9 40.7
top girder stress t/m2 -0.6 -6.8
bottom stress t/m2 -93.0 -334.2
Total Stress after SIDL & all Losses

top girder stress t/m2 28 578
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LL + FPLL Bending Moment tm 73.3 275.8

top slab stress due to LL t/m2 91.5 343.5
top girder stress due to LL t/m2 55.4 199.7
bottom stress due to LL t/m2 -193.4 -790.9
STRESS DUE TO TEMP RISE
top slab stress due to temp-rise t/m2 395.4 395.4
top girder stress due to temp-rise t/m2 -193.0 -193.0
bottom stress due to temp-rise t/m2 197.4 197.4
STRESS DUE TO TEMP FALL
top slab stress due to temp-fall t/m2 -202.9 -202.9
top girder stress due to temp-fall t/m2 154.2 154.2
bottom stress due to temp-fall t/m2 -256.0 -256.0
Wind Load Bending Moment tm 7.3 27.1
top slab stress due to LL t/m2 9.1 33.7
top girder stress due to LL t/m2 5.5 19.6
bottom stress due to LL t/m2 -19.1 -77.7
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
Service stage check : Case 1 : With Live Load (Leading) + Temperature Fall
(Accompanying) - Rare Combination
Live load Factor 1.0
2
top slab stress t/m 48 420
2
top girder stress t/m 330 1025
2
bottom stress t/m -28 -23
OK OK
Service stage check : Case 2 : With Live Load (Leading) + Temperature Rise
(Accompanying) - Rare Combination
2
top slab stress t/m 407 779
2
2
bottom stress t/m 244 249
OK OK
Service stage check : Case 3 : With Live Load (Accompanying) + Temperature
Fall (Leading) - Rare Combination
2
top slab stress t/m -56 253
2
2
bottom stress t/m -82 73
OK OK
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
AT MID SECTION
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
LONGITUDINAL DESIGN
B&SEC
SUMMARY OF LOSSES
DESIGN FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR B&SEC
Location SF (SEC. 1-1) SF (SEC. 9-9)

S.no
Distance from Support 1.000 10.255
A. SHEAR FORCE & CORRESPONDING MOMENTS
1 Ultimate Shear Force, Vu KN 1488.6 385.1
2 Effect of Vertical Prestress, Vpr KN 0.0 0.0

Ultimate Design Shear acting on
3 KN 479.6 63.4
precast section alone Vpc1
Ultimate Design Moment acting on
4 KN.m 538.6 3084.5
precast section alone Mpc1
Addl. Ult. Design Shear acting on
5 KN 1008.9 321.6
Comp. section Vcomp1
Addl. Ultimate Design Moment
6 KN.m 1004.0 6109.6
acting on Comp. section Mcomp1
B. CHECK WHETHER SECTION IS CRACKED OR UNCRACKED ?

7 Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress, fctd = fctk,0.05 Mpa 2.60 2.60
Horizontal Component of prestress after initial
8 KN 1622.7 6310.6
losses
9 Eccentricity of Cables from c.g of Girder Section m 0.495 0.514
10 Average Comp. Stress due to prestress, fcp Mpa 5.96 26.36
Horizontal Component of prestress losses on
11 KN -151.01 -587.26
composite section
Eccentricity of Cables from c.g of Composite
12 m 0.966 1.049
Section
13 Average Stress due to prestress losses, fcp Mpa -0.500 -2.259
14 fcd = 0.67 x fck / gc Mpa 24.57 24.57
15 scp = Min. of (NED/Ac, 0.2 fcd) Mpa 4.91 4.91
Stress at bottom fibre due to Prestress and
16 Mpa 3.64 12.68
Flexural Moment on Precast Section alone
Addl. stress at bottom fibre due to Addl. Flexural
17 Mpa -2.646 -17.518
Moment on Comp. Section
18 TOTAL tensile stress at bottom fibre Mpa 1.0 -4.8
19 Is Section "Cracked" or "Uncracked" ? UNCRACKED CRACKED
20 Net Design Shear Force, VED KN 1488.6 385.1
C. CHECK FOR SHEAR CAPACITY OF SECTION WITHOUT SHEAR

REINFORCEMENT
21 Overall Width, bo m 0.300 0.175
22 Outer Dia of Sheathing Duct, f m 0.000 0.000
23 Effective Width, bw m 0.300 0.175
24 Overall Depth, d m 1.775 1.775
25 C.G of Strands from soffit, yb m 0.237 0.189
26 Effective Depth , db = d - yb m 1.538 1.586
S = A.x = Moment of the area above C.G of
27 m3 0.336 0.308
composite Section about C.G
28 I.bwc / S m2 0.408 0.245
29 k1 1.0 1.0
30 K=1+Sqrt (200/d) <= 2 1.361 1.355
3/2 1/2
31 Vmin= 0.031 K fck Mpa 0.365 0.363
32 VRd.c,min =[Vmin+(0.15σcp)]bwd] KN 508.3 305.2
2
33 Area of Tension Steel, Asl mm 1260.0 4900.0
34 r1 = Asl / (bw.d) ≤ 0.02 0.003 0.018
VRdc (For sections uncracked)
35 KN 1802.1 NOT APPLICABLE
I.bwc/S x ((fctd)2+k1.scp.fctd)0.5
VRdc (For Cracked Sections)
36 KN - 441
VRd.c =[0.12 K(80ρ1fck)0.33+(0.15σcp)]bwd
37 Is Shear Reinforcement Reqd ? NOT REQD. NOT REQD.
D. CALCULATION OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
45 fywd = fyk / gm Mpa 434.8 434.8
Minimum Shear Reinft. Ratio =

46 0.0011 0.0011
rw,min = 0.072 x (fck)0.5 / fyk
Min. Reinft. mm2/
0.320 0.187
Asw,min / S = rw. bw. Sina m
DESIGN FOR ULTIMATE MOMENT
B&SEC
10.0 ULTIMATE STAGE CHECK FOR FLEXURE

Ultimate Stress in strands, fpk = 1860 Mpa
0.1% Proof Stress in strands, fp,0.1k = 0.87 x fpk = 1618.2 Mpa
fpd = fp,0.1k/1.15 = 1407.13 Mpa
Strain at design stress in strands , epd = 0.007216
10.1 Outermost Outer Girder Composite Section At Midspan:
Ultimate Moment at Mid Span 938tm
Concrete Grade for Deck Slab 40Mpa
B&SEC
B&SEC
DESIGN OF PRETENSIONED T-BEAM
B&SEC
CHECK FOR LATERAL STABILITY AS PER § 11.4 OF IRC:112

B&SEC
Refresher Course on “Concrete Bridge Design using Code of Practice for Concrete Road
50 Bridges (IRC 112)”
VARIES 3000
300
CL TEMP. BRG.
CL GIRDER
700
125
100
175
1550
175
CHAMFER
225
(15x15)
700
SECTION AT MID
B&SEC
B&SEC
WORKED OUT EXAMPLE FOR

POSTTENSIONED GIRDER
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
B&SEC
DESIGN OF POSTTEN. GIRDER
B&SEC
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF LOADS & METHOD OF

GRILLAGE ANALYSIS IS ALMOST SIMILAR AS EXPLAINED EARLIER
IN WORKED OUT EXAMPLE FOR THE PRETENSIONED GIRDER.
PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATION OF LOSSES IS ALSO SIMILAR

EXCEPT FOR, THERE IS AN ADDITIONAL IMMEDIATE LOSS I.E.
FRICTION AND SLIP LOSS
OWING TO SHORT SPAN OF THE GIRDER, ONE END STRESSING

HAS BEEN CONSIDERED FOR FRICTION AND SLIP LOSS
CALCULATION.
CABLE NO. 1 HAS BEEN CONSIDERED FOR THE CALCULATION.

FRICTION LOSS CALC. IN POSTTEN. GIRDER
(ONE END STRESSING) B&SEC
A F
B E
C D
HDPE DUCT (12T15)

µ – 0.17 , K – 0.002/M
FRICTION LOSS CALC. IN POSTTEN. GIRDER
(ONE END STRESSING) B&SEC
Slip value = 6mm (12T15)

Half Slip area = 100.1tm [0.5 x As (12*140) x Es (1.95*10^5)x Slip (6)]
217.83
SLIP DISTANCE – 19M (APPROX.) > HALF SPAN

SLIP LOSS CALC. IN POSTTEN. GIRDER
B&SEC
IF THE SLIP DISTANCE CROSSES THE MID SPAN THEN IT IS ALWAYS

BETTER TO GO FOR ONE END STRESSING(SHORT SPANS)
PROCEDURE FOR MANUAL CALC:
1. JACKING FORCE 247.3T & FRICTION PROFILE IS KNOWN

2. ASSUME A LOGICAL MID VALUE OF FORCE (SAY 235T)
3. ESTIMATE AREA AND COMPARE WITH SLIP AREA
4. IF ESTIMATED AREA > SLIP AREA, ASSUME SLIGHTLY LOWER FORCE
VALUE AND RECALCULATE
MID VALUE
LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN
B&SEC
Force After Friction

c/l Symmetry
Stressing Stressing
End End
Force After Slip

SHORT CABLES(SPANS <30M) WITH BOTH END STRESSING
LONG CABLES(>40M) WITH BOTH END STRESSING
ONE END STRESSING PREFERRED FOR SHORT SPANS

REFRESHER COURSE ON IRC:112 B&SEC
Send your questions/feedback to:

akhileshgupta@bsecpl.in

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REFRESHER COURSE ON IRC:112

- AS COMPARED TO POST-TENSIONED GIRDERS, THE WEB THICKNESS IS

Minimum C/C spacing between strands is 51mm(20mm –

Minimum C/C spacing between 12T15 Tendons is 196mm( φ =

TRANSMISSION/TRANSFER LENGTH AS PER § 15.3.3.2 OF IRC:112

TRANSMISSION LENGTH AS PER IRC:SP:71 - 2006

FOR fci = 40Mpa , Previously - Transmission length = 575mm (approx.)

MIN. PRETEN GIRDER DIMENSIONS AS PER §3.3 OF SP:71-2018

- MINIMUM WEB THICKNESS REQUIREMENT IS GOVERNED BY THE

DESIGN METHODOLOGY IS SIMILAR FOR PRE-TENSIONED AND

WORKED OUT EXAMPLE FOR

Superstructure : Precast PSC Pretensioned girder with RCC cast-in-situ deck

Overall Span = 25.0 m

1500 1500 1687.5 1687.5

5 125 125 125

CHAMFER CHAMFER 175

700 700 700 700

A. Section Properties of Composite Section at Mid

C. Section Properties of Composite Section at Support

For Outer Girder beff = 1.4125 + 1.600 + 0.175 = 3.1875 m

Analysis has been performed by grillage model using

50 VARIES 3000 7600

CL TEMP. BRG. 125

(15x15) (15x15) (15x15) (15x15)

700 700 700 700

SECTION AT MID SECTION

LARGE NO. OF DESIGN SECTIONS DUE TO CURTAILMENT

1. Nominal Diameter = 15.2 mm

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN OF PRETENSIONED GIRDER

*Maturity of concrete at time of transfer is 91%

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN OF PRETENSIONED GIRDER

PRESTRESS – GIRDER SECTION EFFECTIVE

AFTER ATTAINMENT OF THE COMPOSITE ACTION I.E. 80% STRENGTH OF

Grade of Concrete = M55

Temporary comp. stress on 3rd day =0.48*50 = 24 Mpa

Service stage compressive stress =0.48*55 = 26.4 Mpa

LOSSES IN PRE-TENSIONED GIRDER

Time Dependent Losses

Relaxation Loss in steel

Loss in force = 0.2288*79 = 18.07t

Creep & Shrinkage Strain

bas = 1-EXP ( -0.2*(t)0.5 )

Total Creep Strain 6.06E-04 per 10 Mpa

LOSS CALCULATION FROM 3-28 DAYS

CASE 1 : CHECK WITH gsup / ginf = 1.05

Total No. of strands = 11 33

Stage 1 P. Force t 231.3 690.7

Elastic Shortening Loss

Elastic Shortening Loss

CG of strands 1685.4 t/m2

Stress due to Losses in Pre stress on

t/m2 18.47 52.93

Stress at C.G of strands due to loss t/m2 -63.9 -218.9

Losses in Stage 1 strands,3-28 days

Total Stress before SIDL at 90 days

Losses in Stage 1 prestress,90days to infinity

Total Stress after SIDL & all Losses

LL + FPLL Bending Moment tm 73.3 275.8

Location SF (SEC. 1-1) SF (SEC. 9-9)

2 Effect of Vertical Prestress, Vpr KN 0.0 0.0

B. CHECK WHETHER SECTION IS CRACKED OR UNCRACKED ?

C. CHECK FOR SHEAR CAPACITY OF SECTION WITHOUT SHEAR

D. CALCULATION OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT