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MGCP and its working (with trace example)

Other IP Telephony

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 VIEWS  HELPFUL  COMMENTS

Ronak Agarwal

06-05-2015 08:43 AM
Edited On: 03-12-2019 10:16 AM

Below is the document explaining MGCP and trace and debug example.

MGCP

a) Server client model

b) Works best with single site

c) CUCM controls the port of the gateway

d) Dial plan completely administered on CUCM

e) MGCP overcomes the distributed conguration and administration problems inherent in the use of protocols such as H.323, as
everything is managed on CUCM

f) MGCP is dened in RFC 3435

g) Another protocol used for the same purpose is Megaco, a coproduction of IETF (RFC 3525) and ITU (Recommendation H.248-1).

h) MGCP is an extension of the earlier version of Simple Gateway Control Protocol (SGCP)

i) The plaintext commands are sent to gateways from the call agent using UDP port 2427. Port 2727 is used to send messages from the
gateways to the call agent.

For Q.931 backhauling, TCP port 2428 is used.

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j) MGCP uses UDP for establishing audio connections over IP networks. However, MGCP also uses “hairpinning” to return a call to the
PSTN when the packet network is not available.

k) CUCM -- Q.931 backhaul -- Voice router MGCP -- Q.931 + Q.921 -- PSTN


l) Q.921 is basically for physical messages.Eg line code, framing, time slots

MGCP endpoint

S0/ds1-0/1@cisco.com
        S0 – is the slot number that contains the voice module
        ds1 – means that the trunk type is a DS-1, others include ds3, e1, and e3
        -0 – is the port number within the slot
        1 – identies ISDN B-Channel number 1
        cisco.com – is the hostname of the gateway, with its domain name appended.

A DS1 ISDN trunk is a 64 Kbps bearer channel used to transmit digitized voice or data trac. These trunks, or B-channels, use a separate
channel, the D-channel for call-control signaling. This mode of operation is known as out-of-band signaling, as opposed to in-band
robbed-bit signaling, in which signaling is carried in the same channel as the voice or data trac. One D-channel, or ISDN signaling link
(ISDN-LNK), carries signaling messages for several B-channels, forming an ISDN signaling group (ISDN-SGR).

A B-channel may be a port on a MM710 series DS1 Media Module.

Two types of DS1 interfaces exist:

    24 DS0 channels on a 1.544 Mbps link


    31 DS0 channels + 1 framing channel on a 2.048 Mbps link

 Q.931 backhaul important points:

a) Reliable TCP transport layer protocol

b) encapsulation of Q.931 signalling in the D channel of the ISDN TDM interface.

c) Backhauling carries the raw channel to CUCM

d) Gateway is still responsible for terminating the Q.921 layer 2 link access protocol - D channel (LAPD) signalling, but all of the Q.931 is
sent to CUCM.

High Points:

a) When you use MGCP as the call agent in a VoIP environment, you need not congure static VoIP network dial peers.

b) Centralized dial plan conguration and gateway conguration on call manager.

c) Simple gateway IOS conguration.

                As simple as adding 2 commands:

                                ccm-manager cong server <ccm-manager IP>

                                ccm-manager cong

d) Supports QSIG supplementary services with CUCM.

Architecture:

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Media Gateway Controller (call agent) + Media gateway (converts media signals between circuits and packets) + Signalling gateway
connected to PSTN

mgcp_1.PNG

Cisco voice gateways can act as MGCP gateways, and Cisco Unied Communications Manager acts as an MGCP call agent.

MGCP supports both residential and trunking gateways:

Trunking gateway (TGW): Provides an interface between PSTN trunks and a VoIP network. A trunk can be a DS0, a T1, or an E1 line.
Examples of TGWs include access servers and routers.

Residential gateway (RGW): Provides an interface between analog (RJ-11) calls from a telephone and a VoIP network. The
interfaces on a residential gateway might terminate a POTS connection to a phone, a key system, or a PBX. Examples of RGWs include
cable modems and Cisco 2600 Series routers.

MGCP gateway connections can be point-to-point or multipoint.

Basic MGCP Concepts

1) MGCP calls and connections

2) MGCP control commands

3) Package types

1. MGCP calls and connections

End-to-end calls are established by connecting two or more endpoints. All connections that are associated with the same call will share a
common Call ID and the same media stream.

mgcp_2.PNG

2. MGCP Control Commands

A call agent uses control messages to direct its gateways and their operational behavior. Gateways use the control messages in
responding to requests from a call agent and notifying the call agent of events and abnormal behavior.

mgcp_3.PNG

3. Package Types

A call connection involves a series of events and signals, such as o-hook status, a ringing signal, or a signal to play an announcement,
that are specic to the type of endpoint involved in the call.

MGCP groups these events and signals into packages. A trunk package, for example, is a group of events and signals relevant to a trunking
gateway. An announcement package is a group of events and signals relevant to an announcement server. These packages are enabled by
using the mgcp package-capability command.

mgcp_4.PNG

MGCP Call Flows

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 Phone connected on Gateway A is calling phone connected at gateway B.

mgcp_5.PNG

1) Call agent sends a RQNT to gateway A, and asks gateway to wait for o-hook event. When it goes o-hook, call agent instructs the
gateway to supply dial tone and asks the gateway to collect digits before it noties call agent.

2) Gateways responds with RQNT response.

3) A user on gateway A goes o-hook and it provides a dial tone and collects digits. (as asked by RQNT in rst message)

4) Gateway A sends a NTFY to the call agent to advise the call agent that a requested event was observed.

5) After conrming that call is possible based on dialed digits, call agent sends a CRCX to gateway A.

6) Gateway A sends CRCX response w/ SDP (IP address and UDP port)

7) Call Agent sends CRCX to gateway B. The call agent also embeds a RQNT that instructs the gateway about the signals and events it
should now consider relevant.

8) Gateway B responds with SDP.

9) Call agent relays the information to gateway A in MDCX. + NTFY

RTP established

10) Now one of the endpoints goes on-hook.

11) Call agent sends DLCX to each gateway.

12) Gateway delete the connection and respond.

Conguring MGCP Gateways on router:

           Congure MGCP on residential gateways (congured on dial peers instead of controller):

ccm-manager mgcp                                                                     \* command use if only using cucm

mgcp                                                                                             \* to enable mgcp on the router using                                                                          


                                                        default port 2427. we can change the                                                                                                                               port

by stating the "port no" beside mgcp                                                                                                                         command.

mgcp #mgcp call-agent 10.197.183.226 service-type mgcp   \* specifying the call agent and                                                                                        
                                                    service type

dial-peer voice 1 pots                                                              \* creating a dial peer

dial-peer# application mgcpapp                                              \* specifying the application                                                                                              


                                                 name running on the dial peer

dial-peer#port 1/0/0                                                                 \* binding a voice port

exit

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mgcp package-capability dtmf-package                                   \* creating dierent packages.

                Congure MGCP on trunk gateways (congured on controller):

ccm-manager mgcp                                               \* command use if only using cucm

mgcp 4000                                                             \*  to enable mgcp on the router using default                                                                                    


                                port 2427. we can change the port by stating the                                                                                                            "port no" 

beside mgcp command.

mgcp call-agent 10.197.183.226 4000                    \* specifying the call agent and port no

controller t1 0/0/0                                                      \* specify this to be used for analog calls.

controller#framing esf        

controller# ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type none service mgcp   \* creating chanellized time slots (DS0                                                                      
                                                           for CAS, pri-group for CCS)

mgcp package-capability dtmf-package                                        \* creating dierent packages.

                Congure MGCP on trunk gateways (congured on controller):

 ccm-manager mgcp                                                         \* command use if only using cucm

no ccm-manager fax protocol mgcp                                 \* disable cisco fax relay

mgcp                                                                                 \* to enable mgcp on the router using                                                                                    


                                              default port 2427. we can change the  port by                                                                                                                 stating the

"port no" beside mgcp command.

mgcp #mgcp call-agent 10.197.183.226 service-type mgcp version 0.1     \*specifying the call agent                                                                        
                                                                          and service type

mgcp package-capability fxr-package                                \* creating dierent packages.

mgcp package-capability rtp-package

mgcp fax-relay sg3-to-g3                                                    \* congure fax machines to negotiate down                                                                      


                                               to g3 speed

Few show commands:

 show mgcp

show mgcp endpoints

show mgcp statistics

show ccm-manager

show voice port summary

debug voip ccapi inout

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debug mgcp [ all | errors | events | packets | parser ]

Conguring MGCP Gateways on call manager:

 1) Go to CM admin page --> Device --> Gateway and click ADD NEW.

mgcp_11.PNG

2) Select Gateway type and click next. Then select protocol type. In our case, it is MGCP. Click Next.

mgcp_12.PNG

3) Put in the domain name (hostname.domain name), CUCM group and Module in Slot 0,1 etc. Then click save.

(Note: Please take extra care here as many issues arrive because of bad names).

mgcp_13.PNG

4) Now, select the Subunit 0, 1, 2 or 3. Eg Subunit 0 is VWIC2-2MFT-T1E1-T1. Hit save.

mgcp_8.PNG

5) Finally, congure the endpoints. Conguring 0/0/0. Select the Device protocol (be it either Digital Access T1 - T1- CAS or Digital
Access PRI - CCS).

mgcp_9.PNG

6) Based on the cong le you want, please congure the MGCP endpoint.

MGCP Gateway Verication

 show isdn status :

HQ-1# show isdn status

Global ISDN Switchtype = primary-net5

ISDN Serial0/1/0:15 interface

dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = primary-net5

Layer 1 Status:                                                                      \* T1/ E1 controller functionality is active

ACTIVE

Layer 2 Status:                                                                                                      \* To check Q.921 (LAPD)      TEI = 0, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State
= MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED    signalling                                                                                                                                                                   
        between provider and                                                                                                                                                     cisco router

 
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Layer 3 Status:

0 Active Layer 3 Call(s)

Active dsl 0 CCBs = 0

The Free Channel Mask: 0x8000000F

Number of L2 Discards = 0, L2 Session ID = 4

Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0

Cong examples:

                E1 PRI cong on router:

controller E1 0/3/0

framing crc4

linecode hdb3

pri-group timeslots 1-31 service mgcp

interface Serial0/3/0:15

isdn switch-type primary-4ess

isdn incoming-voice voice

isdn bind-l3 ccm-manager

ccm-manager mgcp

ccm-manager music-on-hold

mgcp

mgcp call-agent 10.197.183.226 2427 service-type mgcp version 0.1

mgcp rtp unreachable timeout 1000 action notify

mgcp modem passthrough voip mode nse

mgcp package-capability rtp-package

mgcp package-capability sst-package

mgcp package-capability pre-package

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no mgcp package-capability res-package

no mgcp package-capability fxr-package

no mgcp timer receive-rtcp

mgcp sdp simple

mgcp rtp payload-type g726r16 static

                E1 CAS cong on router:

controller E1 0/3/0

framing crc4

linecode hdb3

ds0-group timeslots 1-31 service mgcp

Fractional T1/E1 Conguration on an MGCP Gateway

a) Not able T1 or E1 timeslots will be used.

b) "B channel maintenance status" setting in service parameter to block B channels from using in normal operation.

c) Five PRI endpoints can be congured to have B channels in maintenance status.

d) There will be no alteration in the XML le sent from CUCM to MGCP gateway, however, when call routed by CUCM, it would no that it
has certain channels as "out of service" and won't use it for call routing.

mgcp_10.PNG

Traces and Debug Analysis

Below is the example of traces and debug.

calling number: 1006 - SIP phone; IP 10.78.133.251

called number: 4200 - IP 10.78.133.250

time of call: 12:46 AM IST

Call ow:

SIP ip phone -- CUCM -- MGCP -- E1 Pri -- PSTN

1006                                                             4200

Debug analysis:

>> CRCX from CUCM to gateway

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000807: May 31 01:09:17.187: MGCP Packet received from 10.197.183.226:2427--->

CRCX 375 S0/SU0/DS1-0/12@VXML-3945.cisco.com MGCP 0.1      \* CRCX "sequence no"                                                                                      


                                                               "endpt id" MGCP "version"

C: D0000000012c90fb000000F500000003                                         \* call identication no

X: c

L: p:20, a:PCMU, s:o, t:b8                                                                  \* packetization, codec,  silence                                                                        


                                                                supression, type of  service

M: recvonly                                                                                           \* receive only for ring back

R: D/[0-9ABCD*#]

Q: process,loop

<---

>> 200 ok from gateway to CUCM + SDP of the gateway

000808: May 31 01:09:17.191: MGCP Packet sent to 10.197.183.226:2427--->

200 375 OK

I: 4

v=0

c=IN IP4 10.197.183.234                                                                             \* IP of gateway

m=audio 16390 RTP/AVP 0 100                                                                  \* port number

a=rtpmap:100 X-NSE/8000

a=fmtp:100 192-194

<---

>> Receiving backhaul msg - Setup

000809: May 31 01:09:17.195:

cmbh_rcv_callback: <-- Receiving backhaul msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_REQ

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 31

       | Q.931 message type: SETUP

       | Q.931 message = 0802000305A104038090A31803A9838C6C0600813130303670058034323030

                              

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>> Setup sent from Gateway to TELCO                     

000810: May 31 01:09:17.195: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: TX -> SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x0003

                Sending Complete

                Bearer Capability i = 0x8090A3

                                Standard = CCITT

                                Transfer Capability = Speech

                                Transfer Mode = Circuit

                                Transfer Rate = 64 kbit/s

                Channel ID i = 0xA9838C

                                Exclusive, Channel 12

                Calling Party Number i = 0x0081, '1006'

                                Plan:Unknown, Type:Unknown

                Called Party Number i = 0x80, '4200'

                                Plan:Unknown, Type:Unknown

                               

>> Call proc from Telco to Gateway

000811: May 31 01:09:17.223: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: RX <- CALL_PROC pd = 8 callref = 0x8003

                Channel ID i = 0xA9838C

                                Exclusive, Channel 12

                               

>> Sending backhauled msg - Call proceeding

000812: May 31 01:09:17.223:

cmbrl_send_pak: --> Sending backhauled msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_IND

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 10

       | Q.931 message type: CALL PROCEEDING

       | Q.931 message = 08028003021803A9838C

                               

>> Alerting from Telco to Gateway

000813: May 31 01:09:17.227: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: RX <- ALERTING pd = 8 callref = 0x8003

                Progress Ind i = 0x8188 - In-band info or appropriate now available

               

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>> Sending backhauled msg - ALERTING

000814: May 31 01:09:17.227:

cmbrl_send_pak: --> Sending backhauled msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_IND

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 9

       | Q.931 message type: ALERTING

       | Q.931 message = 08028003011E028188

                               

>> MDCX from CUCM to gateway + SDP of 1006 phone

000815: May 31 01:09:17.227: MGCP Packet received from 10.197.183.226:2427--->

MDCX 376 S0/SU0/DS1-0/12@VXML-3945.cisco.com MGCP 0.1

C: D0000000012c90fb000000F500000003

I: 4

X: c

L: p:20, a:PCMU, s:o, t:b8

M: sendrecv                                                                                                \* send receive for rtp

R: D/[0-9ABCD*#]

S:

Q: process,loop

v=0

o=- 4 0 IN EPN S0/SU0/DS1-0/12@VXML-3945.cisco.com

s=Cisco SDP 0                                                                                               \* SDP version

t=0 0

m=audio 17918 RTP/AVP 0                                                                            \* port no

c=IN IP4 10.78.133.251                                                                                  \* IP of phone   

<---

>> 200 ok for MDCX from gateway to CUCM

000816: May 31 01:09:17.227: MGCP Packet sent to 10.197.183.226:2427--->

200 376 OK

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<---

>> Connect from Telco to Gateway

000817: May 31 01:09:19.767: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: RX <- CONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x8003

                Connected Number i = 0x80, '4200'

               

>> Sending backhauled msg - Connect

000818: May 31 01:09:19.767:

cmbrl_send_pak: --> Sending backhauled msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_IND

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 12

       | Q.931 message type: CONNECT

       | Q.931 message = 08028003074C058034323030

>> Receiving backhaul msg - Connect Ack

000819: May 31 01:09:19.771:

cmbh_rcv_callback: <-- Receiving backhaul msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_REQ

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 5

       | Q.931 message type: CONNECT ACK

       | Q.931 message = 080200030F

>> Connect Ack from gateway to Telco

000820: May 31 01:09:19.771: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: TX -> CONNECT_ACK pd = 8 callref = 0x0003

000821: May 31 01:09:26.587: MGCP Packet sent to 10.197.183.226:2427--->

NTFY 911799872 *@VXML-3945.cisco.com MGCP 0.1

X: 0

O:

<---

000822: May 31 01:09:26.587: MGCP Packet received from 10.197.183.226:2427--->

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200 911799872

<---

>> Disconnect from Telco to Gateway

000823: May 31 01:09:30.079: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: RX <- DISCONNECT pd = 8 callref = 0x8003

                Cause i = 0x8290 - Normal call clearing

               

>> Sending backhauled msg - DISCONNECT

000824: May 31 01:09:30.079:

cmbrl_send_pak: --> Sending backhauled msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_IND

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 9

       | Q.931 message type: DISCONNECT

       | Q.931 message = 080280034508028290

                               

>> MDCX from CUCM to gateway ( to disconnect the call)

000825: May 31 01:09:30.079: MGCP Packet received from 10.197.183.226:2427--->

MDCX 377 S0/SU0/DS1-0/12@VXML-3945.cisco.com MGCP 0.1

C: D0000000012c90fb000000F500000003

I: 4

X: c

M: recvonly                                                                                                                                   \* receive only for ringback

R: D/[0-9ABCD*#]

Q: process,loop

<---

>> 200 Ok from gateway to CUCM

000826: May 31 01:09:30.083: MGCP Packet sent to 10.197.183.226:2427--->

200 377 OK

<---

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>> DLCX from CUCM to gateway

000827: May 31 01:09:30.083: MGCP Packet received from 10.197.183.226:2427--->

DLCX 378 S0/SU0/DS1-0/12@VXML-3945.cisco.com MGCP 0.1

C: D0000000012c90fb000000F500000003

I: 4

X: c

S:

<---

>> 200 ok from Gateway to CUCM

000828: May 31 01:09:30.099: MGCP Packet sent to 10.197.183.226:2427--->

250 378 OK

P: PS=642, OS=102720, PR=637, OR=101920, PL=0, JI=0, LA=24

<---

>> Receiving backhaul msg - RELEASE

000829: May 31 01:09:30.099:

cmbh_rcv_callback: <-- Receiving backhaul msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

       | bk_msg_type = DATA_REQ

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 5

       | Q.931 message type: RELEASE

       | Q.931 message = 080200034D

                               

>> Release sent from Gateway to TELCO

000830: May 31 01:09:30.099: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: TX -> RELEASE pd = 8 callref = 0x0003

>> Release comp sent from Telco to gateway

000831: May 31 01:09:30.107: ISDN Se0/0/0:15 Q931: RX <- RELEASE_COMP pd = 8 callref = 0x8003

>> Sending backhauled msg - RELEASE COMPLETE

000832: May 31 01:09:30.107:

cmbrl_send_pak: --> Sending backhauled msg for Se0/0/0:15 :

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       | bk_msg_type = DATA_IND

       | bk_chan_id (slot:port) = 0:0

       | Q.931 length = 5

       | Q.931 message type: RELEASE COMPLETE

       | Q.931 message = 080280035A

Trace analysis:

SIP phone; IP 10.78.133.251                         CUCM 10.197.183.226                                        MGCP 10.197.183.234

                          Invite from SIP phone to CUCM

                                      100 Trying from CUCM to SIP phone

                                      Subscribe from CUCM to SIP gateway

                                      200 ok from SIP phone to CUCM

                                      Notify from SIP phone to CUCM - Subscription-State: active

                                      200 ok from CUCM to SIP phone

                                      Notify from SIPphone to CUCM with digits -- digits="2"

                                      200 ok from CUCM to SIP phone

                                      Refer from CUCM to SIPphone - <tonetype>DtOutsideDialTone</tonetype>

                                      200 ok for refer

                                      Refer from CUCM to SIPphone - <tonetype>Dt_NoTone</tonetype>

                               

                                      DD=4200

                                      Name=S0/SU0/DS1-0@VXML-3945.cisco.com found

                                      MGCPpn9D creating MGCPpn9cuser

                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                       CRCX from CUCM to gateway

                                                                                                              200 ok from gateway to CUCM + SDP of the gateway

                                                                                                                       PriEuroSetupMsg from CUCM to gateway

                                                                                                                    PriCallProceedingMsg from gateway to CUCM

                                                                                                                                                                               

                                      AuConnectRequest(19697914,19697915)

                                      

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                                                                                                              MDCX from CUCM to gateway + SDP of 1006 phone

                                                                                                                       PriAlertingMsg from gateway to CUCM

                                               

                                     180 Ringing from CUCM to SIPPhone + SDP of gateway

                                      200 ok from CUCM to SIPphone + SDP of gateway

                                      ACK from SIPphone to CUCM

                                       

                                                                                                                        PriDisconnectMsg from Gateway to CUCM

                                                                                                                               MDCX from CUCM to gateway

                                                                                                                               DLX from CUCM to Gateway

                                         Bye from CUCM to SIPPhone

Detailed traces can be found in the attached text document. It can be ltered using >> in notepad++.

GOOD LINKS:

https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/10041911/t1-cas-vs-t1-pri

http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/voice-unied-communications/unied-communications-manager-
callmanager/42104-debug-mgcp.html

Regards,

Ronak Agarwal

 mgcp_traces.txt 

 15 Helpful

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COMMENTS

06-09-2015 02:19 AM
Muthurani Lavanya Paneerselvam Collaborator

Excellent document !

Regards

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Lavanya

06-09-2015 05:13 A
Ronak Agarwal Beginner

Thank you Lavanya!

Regards,

Ronak Agarwal

12-23-2015 06:14 AM
manzoormuhammed1 Beginner

Hi,

Great Document

From the debug could you please explain when the q.921 exchange is takes place between Gateway and Telco?

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