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METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the research design, role of the researcher, research
transferability. All individuals that were concern with this study was also included
Research Design
TCNHS Grade 10 students with regard of choosing senior high school track. It will
focus into what common perception the participants had encounter in choosing
This qualitative study will involve interviews with Grade 11 students who were
going to decide what senior high track they may possibly take proper
this study to examine the different perspective of students in their chosen track.
On the other hand, Burns and Grove (2007) illustrate qualitative research as
concerning more on human experience conducted in natural settings where
interviews using audio recorder, taking down notes, and focus group discussion.
Themes of the phenomena from the six participants of the individual interview
and with six members of the focus group discussion will be describe using
1998; Roulston, 2001) because of its flexibility. Participants from five to six
individuals who experienced the phenomenon is ideal for in-depth and multiple
(Halloway and Todres, 2013) provides a flexible and useful reearch tool, which
can potentially provide a rich, detailed yet complex account of data (Roulston,
2001).
implemented K-12 program of the DepEd for the students to be aware what are
the outcome in choosing the right track. It is a very argumentative to know if the
program is effective or not. This is the reason why we decided to conduct this
study. As a part, we wanted other people hear our sides. To show them what
we’ve got.
We can readily relate with this study since we are a part of this K-12 program.
We can personally present our own biases and prejudices on the research
questions being explored. Our role in this study is to interview Grade 10 students
perception in choosing senior high school track for us to know their insight
towards decision-making.
We will gather our data by conducting in-depth individual interviews with six
expert or professional data analyst will be the one who will analyzed data that will
be gather from audio recordings after which, we construct our personal insights.
Research Participants
The participants of the study where the Grade 11 students choosing senior
high school track. We will use convenience sampling to interview six students
from Tagum City National High School and one focus group discussion (FGD)
with six participants both male and female. Although this people have different
City National High School. According to Dornyel (2007), the size of a focus group
ranges between 6-10 (sometimes 12) people. Fewer than six would limit the
potential of the collective wisdom whereas too large size would make it difficult for
everyone to participate. When designing a focus group study, the two key
We had also one focus group discussion (FGD) consisting of six members as
stated by Dornyel (2007) the focus groups ranges between 6-10, who are also a
student of TCNHS and part of K-12 program. We are confident that this number
in-depth and credible information about the subject that we have explored.
Data Collection
languages. Interviews will be save in the personal computer and several copy
In focus group discussion, we will focus our attention to every detail that each
well- defined FGD depends on the researcher’s focus and the group’s
communication.
Interviews will be conducted during free time or after classes in the afternoon
in a quiet and private room to ensure there were no distractions that might
participants have shared. Audio clip during interviews were all well taken. After all,
data will be coded, analyzed, and reduce into the most essential themes.
Data Analysis
(Polit & Hungler 1995: 639). The tape-recorded interviews will be transcribed and
a data (Boyatzis, 1998; Roulston, 2001). Using thematic analysis on this study is
very helpful because it is flexible and a useful research tool that can probably
Boyatzis (1998), we’re going to perform the following steps in analyzing the data
a to mention: familiarize data, generate initial codes, search for themes, define
unnecessary data and modifying them into a useful material for the study so that
many readers can easily understand it (Namey et al, 2007; Atkinsol and
Following the steps suggested by Boyatzis (1998), we will first listen to the
audio clip and then transcribe the interviews. This is to transform the data into
texts and so that it would be easier for us to code our data after. Then we will
read our data many times to get acquainted with them. Then we will look for
possible themes, coding them along the way. To show data in an organized and
orderly manner, data display will be used.. Data display is the organization of
data and showing them through matrices, charts, and graphs that enable the
Drawing conclusions and verification was the last step of analyzing qualitative
data. It is essential to review and revisit the data many times to double check and
verify the existing conclusions (Atkinsol and Delamont, 2006). These conclusions
were generated from the descriptive themes that came out from the interview of
the participants; these were woven together making it a useful material for results
and discussions.
such as internal validity, reliability, and objectivity, qualitative research has also
different criteria for its evaluation (Lincoln, 1995). We considered the
Trustworthiness is the true value on the findings of the study and the
Credibility
validity (Morrow 2005; Rolfe, 2004). In positivist research, internal validity refers
to the ruling out of rival hypothesis, that the constructs are likely real and reliable,
and the instrument is measuring the right content (Straub et al. 2004).
Credibility refers to how much the data collected accurately reflects the
the verbatim transcript of the individual interviews, and the emerging concepts
(Morrow, 2005).
Dependability
Dependability is a trustworthiness concept that closely matches reliability
Dependability refers to the confirmation that the data represents the changing
conditions of the phenomenon under study (Brown, et al. 2002) and should be
This is done by another individual who audits and confirms that the GTM
procedures are followed and verifying that they are used correctly (Brown et al.
Confirmability
research. If a study demonstrates credibility and fittingness, the study is also said
for evaluating data quality and refers to the neutrality or objectivity of the data by
an agreement between two or more dependent persons that the data is similar
(Poli & Hungler, 2004). Confirmability is a strategy to ensure neutrality (De Vo,
Transferability
Transferability is a rustworthiness concept that can be seen a external validity
interpretation of results, and contributions from peer debriefs (Brown et al., 2002)
(Morrow, 2005). An audit trail shoul be provided and be detailed enough to allow
other researchers to repeat the same inquiry in a similar setting (Cooney, 2010).
Ethical Considerations
The main concerns of our study were individuals who are custody on the
code of ethic, they are all students and still striving to achieve professional
degree. Therefore, we have to ensure their safety, give full protection so that they
will not lose their trust to us. We followed ethical standards in conducting this
study as pointed by (Boyatzis, 1998; Mack et.al, 2005), these are the following:
Respect for person’s needs, an obligation of the researcher not to exploit the
maintain friendship, trust, and confidence among the participants and the
researcher. Beforehand, we asked for the participants’ vacancy and availability
(Creswell, 2012). This was done to pay respect for the individuals concerned in
the study.
during research (Creswell, 2012). This is to let all participants became aware on
the purpose and objectives of the research study that they are going to involve.
Written consent was provided for them to get their approval. After getting their
nod, they have actively participated the in-depth interviews and focus group
discussions. Of course, they were informed on the results and findings of the
study.
participants rather maximizing the profits that are due to them. Anonymity of the
interviewee was kept in order not to put each participant into risks. At all times,
participants were protected, so every files of information were not left unattended
the participants, coding system were used. Meaning, the participants’ identities
Maree and Van Der Westhhuizen (2007), all materials including videotapes,
encoded transcripts, notes, and others should be destroyed after the data were
being analyzed.
Justice requires a reasonable allocation of the riks and benefits as results of
participants as they generally part of the success of the research. They must
given due credits in all their endeavors (Bloom and Crabtree, 2006).