PRECAST

CONCRETE
STRUCTURES
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RIZVI COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE

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RIYESH PATIL
MU-1550
INDEX:

Ÿ INTRODUCTION 1

Ÿ FEATURES 1

Ÿ TYPES OF PRECAST SYSTEMS 1

Ÿ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRECAST 5

AND IS-SITU CONSTRUCTION

Ÿ PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL 6

ELEMENTS

7
Ÿ TYPICAL CONNECTIONS OF
PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS

Ÿ CASE STUDY 18

Ÿ CONCLUSION 24
P R E C A S T
C O N C R E T E
STRUCTURES

INTRODUCTION:
Ÿ Precast concrete construc on is a method of
construc on in which majority of the
structural elements are casted, cured and
manufactured off-site. These parts are then
transported to the site and are assembled in-
situ.
Ÿ
Ÿ Components are mass produced using
industrial methods which helps save me
and cost less.

FEATURES:

Ÿ Division and specialization of the human

workforce.

Ÿ Use of tools, machinery, and other

equipment, usually automated, in the
production of standard, interchangeable
parts and products.

Ÿ Compared to site-cast concrete, precast

concrete erection is faster and less
affected by adverse weather conditions.

Ÿ Plant casting allows increased efficiency,

high quality control and greater control
on finishes

TYPES OF PRECAST
SYSTEMS:

Ÿ Large Panel Systems

Ÿ Frame Systems
Ÿ Slab Column Systems with Walls

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 LARGE PANEL
SYSTEMS
Ÿ Mul storey structures composed of large
wall and floor concrete panels connected in
the ver cal and horizontal direc ons so
that the wall panels enclose appropriate
spaces for the rooms within a building.
Ÿ These panels form a box-like structure.
Both ver cal and horizontal panels resist
gravity load. Wall panels are usually one
story high.
Ÿ Horizontal floor and roof panels span either
as one-way or two-way slabs.
Ÿ These horizontal elements act as
diaphragms that transfer the lateral loads
to the walls.

Depending on wall layout, there are three

basic configura ons of large-panel buildings:
Ÿ Cross Wall Systems
Ÿ Longitudinal Wall Systems
Ÿ Two Way Systems

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 FRAME SYSTEMS
Ÿ Precast frames can be constructed using
either linear elements or spa al beam
column sub-assemblages. Precast beam-
column sub-assemblages have the
advantage that the connec ng faces
between the sub-assemblages can be
placed away from the cri cal frame
regions; however, linear elements are
generally preferred because of the
difficul es associated with forming,
handling, and erec ng spa al elements.
Ÿ The use of linear elements generally means
placing the connec ng faces at the beam-
column junc ons. The beams can be
seated on corbels at the columns, for ease
of construc on and to aid the shear
transfer from the beam to the column. The
beam-column joints accomplished in this
way are hinged.
Ÿ However, rigid beam-column connec ons
are used in some cases, when the
con nuity of longitudinal reinforcement
through the beam-column joint needs to
be ensured.

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 SLAB COLUMN
SYSTEMS WITH
SHEAR WALLS:
Ÿ These systems rely on shear walls to
sustain lateral load effects, whereas the
slab-column structure resists mainly gravity
loads.
Ÿ There are two main systems in this
category:
1. Li Slab System With Wall
2. Prestressed Slab Column System.

Ÿ In the Li Slab System, the load-bearing

structure consists of precast reinforced
concrete columns and slabs.
Ÿ Precast columns are usually two stories
high.
Ÿ All precast structural elements are
assembled by means of special joints.
Ÿ Reinforced concrete slabs are poured on
the ground in forms, one on top of the
other. Precast concrete floor slabs are li ed
from the ground up to the final height by
li ing cranes. The slab panels are li ed to
the top of the column and then moved
downwards to the final posi on.
Ÿ Temporary supports are used to keep the
slabs in the posi on un l the connec on
with the columns has been achieved.

Ÿ The Prestressed Slab Column System uses

horizontal prestressing in two orthogonal
direc ons to achieve con nuity.
Ÿ The precast concrete column elements are
1 to 3 stories high. The reinforced concrete
floor slabs fit the clear span between
columns.
Ÿ A er erec ng the slabs and columns of a
story, the columns and floor slabs are
prestressed by means of prestressing
tendons that pass through ducts in the
columns at the floor level and along the
gaps le between adjacent slabs.
Ÿ A er prestressing, the gaps between the
slabs are filled with in situ concrete and the
tendons then become bonded with the
spans. Seismic loads are resisted mainly by
the shear walls (precast or cast-in-place)
posi oned between the columns at
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PRECAST CONSTRUCTION IN-SITU CONSTRUCTION

Elements are manufactured in a Column, slab etc. elements are casted on

controlled cas ng environment and have site and hence it is difficult to control mix,
it is easier to control mix, placement and placement and curing in cast-in-situ
curing. concrete.

Quality can be controlled and maintained Quality control and maintenance is

easily. difficult.

Less skilled labour is required. More skilled labour is required.

Precast concrete construc on is quick as it In situ concrete construc on is slow as

can be installed immediately and there is gaining of strength requires me.
no wai ng for it to gain strength.

Elements can be casted in controlled Elements are casted in open environment.

On site strength test is not required. On site strength test is required.

Weather condi on has no effect on Weather condi on can delay the cas ng

Speedy construc on is possible. Speed is less as elements are casted at

site.

Precast concrete is cheaper form of In situ concrete is cheaper form of

construc on if large structures are to be construc on for small structures.

It does not offer a monolithic architectural It offers a monolithic architectural

character. character.

Less resistant to Earthquake and wind More resistant to earthquake and wind
forces not recommended where seismic forces.
loads are dominant.

Precast concrete requires heavy Cast-in-situ concrete does not require

machinery and cranes for handling i.e. such handling equipments
li ing and installa on of heavy elements

Total construc on me is less as Total construc on me is more as

compared to cast-in-situ. compared to precast.

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PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

PRECAST SLABS:

PRECAST BEAMS & GIRDERS:

PRECAST STAIRCASE:

6
TYPICAL
CONNECTIONS OF
PRECAST CONCRETE
ELEMENTS

1. COLUMN TO COLUMN
CONNECTION

7
2. BEAM TO COLUMN
CONNECTION

8
3. SLAB TO BEAM CONNECTION

9
4. WALL PANEL CONNECTED TO
IN-SITU CONCRETE

10
11
12
5. CONNECTION BETWEEN
SLABS

13
6. CORNER CONNECTIONS OF
WALL PANELS

14
15
7. CONNECTION OF WALL
PANELS TO COLUMNS

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PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURE CASE
STUDY

15 Floors Residen al Tower

in Germany by
Weckenmann
Anlagentechnik GmbH &
Co.

Ÿ Elements in Precast: Load bearing

walls, non-load bearing walls, half
slabs, stairs and balconies.

Ÿ No. of elements: 3037

Ÿ No. of workers in factory and site:

200

Ÿ No. of working days: 105 days per

tower.

Ÿ Cost of construction: ₹6500/sq.m.

of super structure without finishes.

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CONCLUSION:
Although there are a few
restric ons when it comes to flexibility in
designing with Precast concrete, it is a very
useful method of construc on. Precast
Concrete allows high speed of construc on
with respect to our tradi onal construc on
techniques. Several modules can be
manufactured at a me and which can be
repeated with ease allowing a lower cost lo
construc on.
In cases of mass housing, now a days a lot of
projects have been done using precast
concrete. Large scale projects like the Metro
line are also being constructed using the
same.
There is a lot of scope of such structures and
a huge amount of study and research is
being done which will make be er
provisions for the such construc on in
future.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Ÿ h p://www.prefab.org.tr
Ÿ h ps://asiakas.ko sivukone.com
Ÿ h ps://gharpedia.com/precast-concrete-
stairs/
Ÿ h ps://www.archdaily.com/search/all?q=p
recast

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