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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014

Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Technique


Based Design and Simulation of a Three-Phase
Voltage Source Converter Systems
Farhan Beg

 during the transient state. Advantages such as good accuracy,


Abstract—A Space Vector based Pulse Width Modulation constant switching frequency, insensitivity to parameter
control technique for the three-phase PWM converter is proposed in variations and fast dynamic current response are observed in
this paper. The proposed control scheme is based on a synchronous the current regulating fashion in the synchronous frame [3].
reference frame model. High performance and efficiency is obtained
The direct current control scheme is widely adopted in the
with regards to the DC bus voltage and the power factor
considerations of the PWM rectifier thus leading to low losses. actual implementations. Even though many different PWM
MATLAB/SIMULINK are used as a platform for the simulations and modulation schemes are presently being used, such as the
International Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014 waset.org/Publication/9999414

a SIMULINK model is presented in the paper. The results show that delta modulation technique, the space vector technique and the
the proposed model demonstrates better performance and properties sinusoidal PWM technique, but it has been theoretically
compared to the traditional SPWM method and the method improves proved that the Space vector PWM technique offers the best
the dynamic performance of the closed loop drastically.
modulation properties. SVPWM provides a highly dynamic
For the Space Vector based Pulse Width Modulation, Sine signal
is the reference waveform and triangle waveform is the carrier and robust way to suppress the input harmonics as well as for
waveform. When the value sine signal is large than triangle signal, specific applications such as motor velocity control.
the pulse will start produce to high. And then when the triangular Especially in low operating frequency, low harmonics can be
signals higher than sine signal, the pulse will come to low. SPWM obtained. One more benefit of using SVPWM technique
output will changed by changing the value of the modulation index consists of raising the fundamental component in the output
and frequency used in this system to produce more pulse width. The voltage by about 15%. Development of digital signal
more pulse width produced, the output voltage will have lower
harmonics contents and the resolution increase. processing has clearly provided a platform for the
implementation of SVPWM. This paper proposes the
Keywords—Power Factor, SVPWM, PWM rectifier, SPWM. modeling of a Three-Phase Space Vector Controlled Voltage
source pulse PWM rectifier rated at 22kW. The simulations
I. INTRODUCTION and results demonstrate the robust capability of the proposed
scheme. The proposed algorithm avoids the superficial usage
P OWER electronic equipment is advancing to new scales
of performance like never before and is being widely
touted as a solution for most of the power conversion and
of the look-up tables of sine or arc-tangent that forms the basic
mechanism for the design of the controller in a traditional
framework. Duty cycles of space voltage vectors are directly
power quality issues. Even though on a wider scale power
calculated by tracking the voltage reference vector in each
electronics has advanced but certain key issues remain
sector in the vector space.
unabated such as the low input power factor, harmonic
distortion of ac line currents, and harmonic interference on the
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND MODELING
grid in case of a standard diode/thyristor based bride rectifier.
For DC loads or voltage source fed drives, the PWM Fig. 1 shows the schematic of the three-phase voltage
rectifier/converter is a preferred choice for the production of a source converter based on IGBT’s. In developing the
DC voltage. This may be attributed to the inherent capability mathematical model, it is assumed that the source voltage
of PWM based rectifier to regulate the power factor, and employed in a balanced three phase supply and a linear filter
mitigate the line current harmonics as well as the bi- reactor is used. The IGBT’s are also assumed to be lossless
directional power flow capability [1], [2]. and ideal [4]. The various quantities in the mathematical
For improving the input power factor and shaping the input model used are; , , represent the per phase voltage of
current into sinusoidal waveform many control strategies have the three phase voltage source and , , represent the phase
been proposed. One of the simplest strategies is the Phase and current set. represents the DC o/p voltage and ,
Amplitude control (PAC) which provides a good switching signifies the Resistance and Inductance of the filter circuit. C
pattern but a decrease in the closed loop stability is observed is the smoothing capacitor and is the DC side load.
because of the DC offset on the input current of the rectifier , , represent the input voltages of the rectifier circuit
[5].
Farhan Beg is an Electrical Engineer from the National Institute of
Technology Srinagar, India and is affiliated with the Global Energy Network
Institute San Diego California USA (e-mail: f.beg1@yahoo.com).

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 8(9) 2014 1451 scholar.waset.org/1999.5/9999414
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014

(1)
3
2

where, “w” is the angular frequency,


w , , , are the
vooltage and cuurrent in the synchronously
s y rotating d-qq frame
nd ,
reespectively an are the switch functions
f in the
t d-q
frame.

Figg. 2 Control bloock diagram of the dual closed


d loop controller of the
PWMM converter
International Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014 waset.org/Publication/9999414

Fig. 1 Scchematic of a thhree phase two level converter Fig. 3 Schematic of a two terminal VSC-HVDC
V

Equation (1)) clearly show ws the dependdence of bothh of the


III. SYNTTHESIZATION O
OF VOLTAGE VECTOR SPACE
cooupling voltagges and and maain voltages , on
d--q current. Moreover,
M (1) can furtheer be modifieed and The bridge rectifier
r leg vvoltages can assume 8 possible
reegulated to enssure that the (22) is within lim
mits. staates dependingg on the switcching state of the circuit in Fig. 1.
Thhe voltage stattes are represeented as voltage vectors ( )
(2) in the α-β coorddinate system.. The vectors are shown in Fig. 4.
While as ( ) are twwo zero vectoors, ( ) are
a six
fixxed non zero vectors,
v all off the same maagnitude equall to the
Equation (3)) can be obtaiined by usingg the values of (2) in dc bus voltage Vdc. The three phasee voltages can c be
(11), i.e., reppresented as thhe voltage vecctor Vs. In ord der to synthessize the
vooltage vector Vs,
V many diffeerent methodss of modulatioon exist
depending on thhe combinatioons of the eigh ht vectors useed. The
(3) wo phase moduulation in whiich one switchh is always keept ON
tw
or OFF in onee working cyycle can sign nificantly lowwer the
sw
witching loss. Sampling off the desired reference veector is
A cursory look of (2) and (3) suggests that and are doone in every sub-cycle Ts and is brougght about by taking
deecoupled and are only relatted with , respectively.
r C
Current averaging the nearest
n thee sspace vectors in the vectorr plane
annd voltage regulation
r iss implementeed with sim mple PI [6]], [7]. In Fig.. 4, the refereence vector of magnitude Vs and
reegulators. Fig. 2 shows the implementatio
i on of a doublee closed phhase theta θ inn sector I, is reealized by usiing the active vector
looop control strrategy which observes
o the current
c decouppling of 1 the zero vecttor and the aactive vector 2. Durations of the
thhe PWM converter. thrree space veectors T1, T22, T0 are caalculated usinng the
Fig. 2 eluciddates the decooupling proceess such that each
e of folllowing formuulas [8]:
thhe PI regulated currents obbtained are injjected with thhe other
axxis current commponents. 3 √3
However, when
w andd are reequired, d-q to α-β √3 (4)
traansformation is used to reaalized the SVVPWM which is used
too regulate thhe DC bus voltage by tracing the current
coommand accurrately. For other secttors, the vectoor synthetic method
m is simillar. For

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 8(9) 2014 1452 scholar.waset.org/1999.5/9999414
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014

universal variables X,Y,Z the expressions developed are shown


as:

√3

(5)

Phase voltages in abc coordinates can be obtained using the


relationships (6);

1/2 √3/2 (6)


√3/2

Using the properties of the 3-Phase Sine wave;


Fig. 4 PWM bridge rectifier voltages space vector representation
International Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014 waset.org/Publication/9999414

If Va>0; A=1, else A=0


If Vb>0; B=1, else B=0
If Vc>0; C=1, else C=0

Sector number is consequently obtained using (7);

Sector= A+2B+4C (7)

In order to optimize the number of device switches for a


given PWM application period, only one switching is allowed
per transition of the state. For this purpose, a peculiar
arrangement of the three zero vectors is made as in Fig. 5.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS


MATLAB/ SIMULINK platform is used for the design and
simulation of the proposed control strategy. System behavior
is approximated as a discrete control system. The complete Fig. 5 Sector wise conventional and switching sequence
simulation model is shown in Fig. 6. The rectifier is shown in
the top part of the Fig. 6. As already concocted, the AC source
used is a balanced three phase voltage source with a frequency
of 50 Hz and a per phase voltage of 380 volts. The value of the
line resistance is .1 ohms and the line inductance has a value
of 3 mH. A value of 600 V is assumed for the DC voltage in
the steady state. Switching frequency of 10 KHz is employed.

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 8(9) 2014 1453 scholar.waset.org/1999.5/9999414
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014
International Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014 waset.org/Publication/9999414

Fig. 6 System
m model of a th
hree phase voltaage source PWM
M rectifier system

Simulations were connducted to demonstratte the


peerformance off the proposeed control straategy. Figs. 7 and 8
coonsist of the simulation reesults. Fig. 7 shows the trransient
reesponse of the output voltag ge while as Figg. 8 demonstrates the
traansient responnse of the inpput current. AtA the onset, the DC
bu n level with a load of
us voltage ressts at the diodee rectification
RL=16ohms. Control
C action applied thence, raises thee output
vooltage to the desired
d DC value.
v Fig. 8 demonstrates
d t line
the
side voltage an nd current an nd it be easilly observed that
t the
cuurrent of the sinusoidal w wave has the same phase as the
vooltage.

F 8 Line currrent simulation result


Fig.

Fig. 7 DC
D link voltagee dynamics sim
mulation result Fig. 9 Harmonic content and THD
T

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 8(9) 2014 1454 scholar.waset.org/1999.5/9999414
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Electrical, Computer, Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014

V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a simplistic model of the rectifier at unity
power factor is introduced and the proposed control strategy
leads to a significant improvement in the performance of the
model. Conventional non- linear models can be modified to
linear models using non linear input transformation technique.
The consequent design of the controller becomes
straightforward. Independent design of the controller is made
possible by the proposed technique. A design of the decoupled
feed-forward controller for 3 phase voltage is proposed in this
paper. Simulation results demonstrate the modifications in the
performance in both DC as well as reactive power control.
Minimum hardware is required for the design of the SVPWM
controller and the IGBT switching losses are reduced.

REFERENCES
[1] Alves, R. L., & Barbi, I. (2009). Analysis and implementation of a
International Science Index, Energy and Power Engineering Vol:8, No:9, 2014 waset.org/Publication/9999414

hybrid high-power-factor three-phase unidirectional rectifier. Power


Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 24(3), 632-640.
[2] Ye, Y., M. Kazerani, and V. H. Quintana. "A novel modeling and
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[3] Liao, Juinne-Ching, and Sheng-Nian Yeh. "A novel instantaneous power
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[4] Zhou, Keliang, and Danwei Wang. "Relationship between space-vector
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[5] Celanovic, Nikola, and Dushan Boroyevich. "A fast space-vector
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Applications, IEEE Transactions on 37.2 (2001): 637-641.
[6] Zhao, Yifan, and Thomas A. Lipo. "Space vector PWM control of dual
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[7] Van Der Broeck, Heinz Willi, H-C. Skudelny, and Georg Viktor Stanke.
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