atmosphere and lithosphere hydrosphere and lithosphere

atmosphere and hydrosphere biosphere and hydrosphere

biosphere and atmosphere biosphere and lithosphere

1. Shifting winds cause major rainstorms, flooding streams, lakes, and rivers are interactions between the
2. Bacteria and algae convert nitrogen from the air into a form that is usable by plants and animals are interactions
between the
3. When nitrogen is returned to the soil when dead plants decompose - the interaction is between4. Water availability
impacts plant growth and animals who depend on plants for food are interactions between the
5.The remains of dead plants and animals can get buried under soil to form coal and oil over long periods of time are
interactions between the
6. Wind can carry seed to new places, so more plants can grow are interactions between the
7. Plants reduce soil erosion by protecting the land from weather are interactions between the
8. Air temperature impacts the evaporation of lakes and streams are interactions between the
9. Water erodes the land bringing nutrients to lakes are interactions between the
10. Plants help soil remain moist by helping to control evaporation are interactions between the
11. Living organisms give off moisture through respiration and perspiration are interactions between the
12. Cloud cover impacts the temperature on land are interactions between the
13. Chemicals in the air impact the weathering of rocks are interactions between the
14. The survival of organisms is impacted by the air temperature are interactions between the
15. Animals breath in carbon dioxide and breath out oxygen are interactions between the
16. Plants use essential elements such as water, carbon, and nitrogen from the soil are interactions between the
17. Flooding moves soil and rock to new places are interactions between the
18. Coral reefs protect coastlines by absorbing energy from pounding waves are interactions between the
19. Evaporation helps naturally clean water resources for plants and animals are interactions between the
20. A volcano erupts adding carbon dioxide to the air are interactions between the

atmosphere and lithosphere hydrosphere and lithosphere

atmosphere and hydrosphere biosphere and hydrosphere
biosphere and atmosphere biosphere
1. Shifting winds cause major rainstorms, flooding streams, and
lakes, lithosphere
and rivers are interactions between the
2. Bacteria and algae convert nitrogen from the air into a form that is usable by plants and animals are interactions
between the
3. When nitrogen is returned to the soil when dead plants decompose - the interaction is between4. Water availability
impacts plant growth and animals who depend on plants for food are interactions between the
5.The remains of dead plants and animals can get buried under soil to form coal and oil over long periods of time are
interactions between the
6. Wind can carry seed to new places, so more plants can grow are interactions between the
7. Plants reduce soil erosion by protecting the land from weather are interactions between the
8. Air temperature impacts the evaporation of lakes and streams are interactions between the
9. Water erodes the land bringing nutrients to lakes are interactions between the
10. Plants help soil remain moist by helping to control evaporation are interactions between the
11. Living organisms give off moisture through respiration and perspiration are interactions between the
12. Cloud cover impacts the temperature on land are interactions between the
13. Chemicals in the air impact the weathering of rocks are interactions between the
14. The survival of organisms is impacted by the air temperature are interactions between the
15. Animals breath in carbon dioxide and breath out oxygen are interactions between the
16. Plants use essential elements such as water, carbon, and nitrogen from the soil are interactions between the
17. Flooding moves soil and rock to new places are interactions between the
18. Coral reefs protect coastlines by absorbing energy from pounding waves are interactions between the
19. Evaporation helps naturally clean water resources for plants and animals are interactions between the
20. A volcano erupts adding carbon dioxide to the air are interactions between the
 atmosphere and lithosphere hydrosphere and lithosphere
atmosphere
1. Shifting and hydrosphere
winds cause biosphere
major rainstorms, flooding and lakes,
streams, hydrosphere
and rivers are interactions between the atmosphere
biosphere
and hydrosphere and atmosphere biosphere and lithosphere
2. Bacteria and algae convert nitrogen from the air into a form that is usable by plants and animals are interactions
between the atmosphere and biosphere
3. When nitrogen is returned to the soil when dead plants decompose - the interaction is between biosphere and
atmosphere
4. Water availability impacts plant growth and animals who depend on plants for food are interactions between the
hydrosphere and biosphere
5.The remains of dead plants and animals can get buried under soil to form coal and oil over long periods of time are
interactions between the geosphere and biosphere
6. Wind can carry seed to new places, so more plants can grow are interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere
7. Plants reduce soil erosion by protecting the land from weather are interactions between the geosphere and biosphere
8. Air temperature impacts the evaporation of lakes and streams are interactions between the atmosphere and
hydrosphere
9. Water erodes the land bringing nutrients to lakes are interactions between the hydrosphere and geosphere
10. Plants help soil remain moist by helping to control evaporation are interactions between the geosphere and
biosphere
11. Living organisms give off moisture through respiration and perspiration are interactions between the hydrosphere
and biosphere
12. Cloud cover impacts the temperature on land are interactions between the atmosphere and geosphere
13. Chemicals in the air impact the weathering of rocks are interactions between the atmosphere and geosphere
14. The survival of organisms is impacted by the air temperature are interactions between the atmosphere and
biosphere
15. Animals breath in carbon dioxide and breath out oxygen are interactions between the atmosphere and biosphere
16. Plants use essential elements such as water, carbon, and nitrogen from the soil are interactions between the
geosphere and biosphere
17. Flooding moves soil and rock to new places are interactions between the hydrosphere and geosphere
18. Coral reefs protect coastlines by absorbing energy from pounding waves are interactions between the geosphere and
biosphere
19. Evaporation helps naturally clean water resources for plants and animals are interactions between the hydrosphere
and biosphere
20. A volcano erupts adding carbon dioxide to the air are interactions between the atmosphere and geosphere

*Thermosphere *Troposphere *Stratosphere *Mesosphere

1. What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?

2. What is the fourth atmospheric layer from the ground?
3. What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
4. What layer protects us by burning up most meteors?
5. What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
6. What layer has the ozone layer in it?
7. What layer does most weather occur in?
8. What is the coldest layer in the atmosphere?
9. What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
10. At what layer do most airplanes fly at the top of?
11. What is the second atmospheric layer from the ground?
12. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?
1.*Thermosphere *Troposphere
What is the atmospheric layer closest*Stratosphere
to the ground? *Mesosphere
2. What is the fourth atmospheric layer from the ground?
3. What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
4. What layer protects us by burning up most meteors?
5. What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
6. What layer has the ozone layer in it?
7. What layer does most weather occur in?
8. What is the coldest layer in the atmosphere?
9. What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
10. At what layer do most airplanes fly at the top of?
11. What is the second atmospheric layer from the ground?
12. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?

*Thermosphere *Troposphere *Stratosphere *Mesosphere

1. What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?
2. What is the fourth atmospheric layer from the ground?
3. What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
4. What layer protects us by burning up most meteors?
5. What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
6. What layer has the ozone layer in it?
7. What layer does most weather occur in?
8. What is the coldest layer in the atmosphere?
9. What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
10. At what layer do most airplanes fly at the top of?
11. What is the second atmospheric layer from the ground?
12. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?

*Thermosphere *Troposphere *Stratosphere *Mesosphere

1. What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?
2. What is the fourth atmospheric layer from the ground?
3. What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
4. What layer protects us by burning up most meteors?
5. What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
6. What layer has the ozone layer in it?
7. What layer does most weather occur in?
8. What is the coldest layer in the atmosphere?
9. What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
10. At what layer do most airplanes fly at the top of?
11. What is the second atmospheric layer from the ground?
12. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?

*Thermosphere *Troposphere *Stratosphere *Mesosphere

1. What is the atmospheric layer closest to the ground?
2. What is the fourth atmospheric layer from the ground?
3. What is the hottest layer in the atmosphere?
4. What layer protects us by burning up most meteors?
5. What layer of the atmosphere has the aurora borealis in it?
6. What layer has the ozone layer in it?
7. What layer does most weather occur in?
8. What is the coldest layer in the atmosphere?
9. What is the third atmospheric layer from the ground?
10. At what layer do most airplanes fly at the top of?
11. What is the second atmospheric layer from the ground?
12. What atmospheric layer has most of the clouds?

1. Currently, the Big Bang Theory explains the...

A. Life cycle of stars
B. Slow contraction of the universe
C. Continual cooling and expansion of our universe
D. Motionless of our universe

2. Which of the following is an accurate way to explain why light from distant galaxies experiences red shift?
A. Since the beginning event, the universe has increased its density and become hotter.
B. The universe is expanding causing objects in the universe to move from older positions.
C. Distant galaxies are changing their motions and therefore, moving away from each other
D. The universe is slowing its expansion.

3. Which of the following is a correct relationship involved in the Big Bang Theory?
A. Temperature remains constant as the universe expands
B. Gravity keeps matter from clumping together
C. Energy emitted from galaxies indicate blue shifting
D. Expansion allows cooling of energy

4. If the expanding universe bends light, the wavelengths of the light get shorter.
A. FALSE
B. TRUE

5. What were the conditions like in the very beginning of the universe?
A. Extremely cold and motionless
B. Extremely hot and dense
C. All matter was in a gaseous state
D. Extremely explosive
6. Red Shift refers to...
A. Red light has higher frequencies than blue light
B. The lengthening of wavelengths of light from distant galaxies as a result of the expansion of the universe
C. The shortening of wavelengths as a result of the expansion of the universe
D. The time of the day where factory workers work till they turn red
7. TRUE or FALSE: The universe is static, unchanging and still very hot.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
8. Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength?

A. Violet
B. Yellow
C. Blue
 D. Red
9. Which statement correctly describes the theory of the "Big Bang"?
A. The universe is in an unchanging steady state.
B. The universe is composed of only energy and no matter.
C. All matter and energy once exploded out of a single point.
D. Little explosions happen all over the universe creating matter and energy
10. What were the first elements made after the Big Bang?

A. Hydrogen & Helium

B. Hydrogen & Lithium
C. Helium & Oxygen
D. Helium & Argon
11. The Big Bang Theory explains
A. how the universe formed.
B. the shape of Earth's orbit.
C. why stars are found in galaxies.
D. why planets stay in their orbits.
12. A galaxy that is moving toward Earth will show
A. a decrease in brightness.
B. an increase in light years.
C. a blueshift in the spectrum.
D. a redshift in the spectrum.
13. What is the Universe?
A. Everything in our galaxy
B. Everything that exists
C. Everything in our solar system
D. The Earth, Moon and our neighboring planets
14. The Steady State Theory says that the Universe
A. Started as a dense, hot point.
B. The universe is not expanding.
C. Moves in cycles, expanding and contracting.
D. Always is, always was, and always will be.
15. The Steady State Theory says that the Universe
A. Started as a dense, hot point. c.
B. The universe is not expanding.
C. Always is, always was, and always will be.
D. Moves in cycles, expanding and contracting.
16. The universe never had a beginning and will never have an end. This is according to
A. big bang theory
B. steady state theory
C. oscillating universe theory
D. pulsating theory
17. Scientists theorize that stars formed
A. When protostars became so dense that nuclear fusion began in their core
B. As a result of comets striking protostars
C. Because matter in the energy in the expanding universe is evenly distributed
D.
18. It is theorized that the solar system
A. was formed when stray planets spontaneously began to orbit the sun
B. was formed from matter left by a passing comet
C. resulted when a supernova shock wave caused a nebula to condense and spin
19. The planets were formed, according to theory
A. when some condensing gas revolving around the sun collapsed into masses too small to become stars
B. when passing asteroids were captured by the sun's gravity and accreted into planets
C. when a passing comet left a trail of material
20. The nebular theory is that
A. the solar system formed from a nebula
B. Earth is a nebula
C. the solar system will expand into a nebula
21. According to nebular theory, Earth and other planets formed due to a process called
 A. accretion
B. density
C. stratification
D. transplantation
22. The Sun derives its energy from
A. chemical reactions that convert hydrogen and oxygen into carbon, accompanied by the release of
neutrinos.
B. the fusion of hydrogen into helium.
C. the conversion of energy into mass.
23. According to the Nebular Hypothesis, the solar system began as
A. a rapidly rotating sun.
B. a cloud containing mostly heavy elements.
C. a cloud of dust and gas.
D. the result of a collision between two giant suns.
24. The theory that Solar System formed from tidal interactions between the Sun and a low-density protostar?
A. Steady State Theory
B. Bigbang Theory
C. Capture Theory
D. Nebular Theory
25. Write my Full Name: First name, Middle Initial, Surname

I.Multiple Choice Test.

Write the letter that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What were the first elements formed after the Big Bang?
a. Carbon and Nitrogen b. Gold and Iron c. Hydrogen and Helium d. Lithium and Boron
2. What shape do scientists think the universe is?
a.Flat b. Round c. Saddle Shaped d. Triangular
3. What is a third evidence of the Big Bang?
a. Primordial Argon b. Solar Radiation c. Blue shifted galaxies d. Primordial Helium
4. What is an alternate theory of the origin of the universe?
a. The Raisin Bread Theory b. The Oscillating Theory c. The Expansion Theory d. The Balloon Theory
5. Hubble's Law states that as galaxies move away from us they move
a. Faster b. They move more erratically. c. In circles d. Slower
6. The Steady State Theory says that the Universe
a. Started as a dense, hot point. c. The universe is not expanding.
b. Always is, always was, and always will be. d. Moves in cycles, expanding and contracting.
7.Modern cosmology supposes that the Universe came from a "big bang" event about 13 billion years ago.
Evidence for this is
a. the uniformity of the abundance of hydrogen and helium. c. the cosmic background radiation.
b. the Hubble expansion. d. all of these answers.
8. Most of the helium in the Universe is believed to have been produced in
a. red giants b. the Big Bang c. supernovae d. main sequence stars
9. In about 5 billion years, the sun will become
a. a supernova b. a black hole c. a red giant d. a neutron star
10.The Sun derives its energy from
a. chemical reactions that convert hydrogen and oxygen into carbon, accompanied by the release of
neutrinos.
b. the fusion of hydrogen into helium.
c. the conversion of energy into mass.
d. a steady gravitational contraction of its core.
11.Which planet can never be seen on the meridian at midnight?
a. Jupiter b. Mercury c. Saturn d. Mars
12.The terrestrial planets are rocky because
a. the Sun converted all the hydrogen and helium in the inner Solar System into iron and nickel.
b. the Sun's gravity drew primarily heavy elements into the inner part of the early Solar System.
c. Once planetesimals formed, the rocky ones drifted inward and the icy ones moved outward in
the Solar System.
d. Only rocky material was able to condense in the hot inner parts of the early solar nebula.
13.The term big bang refers to
a.the origin of the universe c. the ultimate fate of the universe
b. a supernova explosion d. the formation of a quasar
14. Today the universe apparently contains
a. only matter c. equal amounts of matter and antimatter
b. only antimatter d. slightly more matter than antimatter
15. The elements heavier than hydrogen and helium of which the planets are composed probably
came from the
a. sun
b. debris of supernova explosions that occurred before the solar system came into being
c. big bang
d. big crunch
16. Present evidence suggests that most of the mass of the universe is in the form of
a. dark matter b. luminous matter c. cosmic rays d. black holes
17. It is likely that the planets, satellites, and other members of the solar system were formed
a.together with the sun
b. later than the sun from material it captured from space
c. elsewhere and were captured by the sun
d. later than the sun from material it ejected
18. Radiation from the early history of the universe was doppler-shifted by the expansion of the universe until
today it is in the form of
a. x-ray b. ultraviolet waves c. infrared waves d. radio waves
19. Dark matter in the universe is composed of
a. burned out white dwarfs and black holes. b.neutrinos.
b. no one knows, and this is a major scientific mystery. d. huge dust clouds
20.The hypothesis that galaxies are moving apart is supported by
a. the blue shift in the spectral lines of light reaching us.
b. the progressive dimming of light from faraway galaxies.
c. trace elements found in interstellar space.
d. the red shift in the spectral lines of light reaching us.
21.Studies based on cosmic background radiation suggest that the universe is about
a. 3700 million years old. c. 3.7 billion years old.
b. 13.7 billion years old. d. 37 billion years old.
22.The concept of the big bang
a. is a beautiful theory but lacks any empirical evidence.
b. was designed to appeal to scientists and religious leaders alike.
c. is supported by Hubble's Law.
d. depends on large amounts of antimatter being continuously converted to matter.
23.The hydrogen to helium ratio of the universe
a. is approximately 15 to 1, as found in our sun.
b. came into being about three minutes after the universe's origin, according to the big bang
theory.
c. cannot yet be determined, although it is hoped that the next generation of radio telescopes
will resolve this issue.
d. is responsible for the development of life on the earth.
24. The inner planets of our solar system
a. are rocky because it was too warm near the protosun for gaseous elements to collect.
b. formed much later than the outer planets.
c. are the only planets that can sustain water in any form.
d. are believed to have originally been asteroids from interstellar space.
25.World's first artificial satellite was launched by
a. France b. Soviet Union c. United States d. United Kingdom
26.Headquarter of NASA is located in
a. South Wales b. Berlin c. Bern d. Washington
27.NASA was established in
a. 1958 b. 1948 c. 1955 d. 1952

28.According to Hubble's Law,

a. the speed of travel of all stars is increasing over time.
b. the speed of travel of all stars is decreasing over time.
c. the universe once was expanding, but is now contracting.
d. the galaxies the farthest away from us are traveling the fastest.
29. United States government agency which leads to US space exploration 'NASA' is abbreviation of
a. National Aeronautics and Space Administration c. National Administration of Space Aeronautics
b. National Administration of Space Astronauts d. National Atomic and Space Administration
30. The Vision for space Exploration is the U.S space program was announced on January 14, 2004 by President
George W. Bush. Accoording to this program, the moon will be explored by manned missions by what year?
a. 2010 c. 2025
b. 2011 d. 2020
31. The international Space station is a joint project of five space agencies, including NASA. Which Space Agency
is not part of the project?
a. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agencyc. Canadian Space Agency
b. Russian Federal Space Agency d. China National Space Administration
32.The _____ states that between 15 and 20 billion years ago, the universe began expanding from a single point?
a. Big Crunch Theory b. Steady State Theory c. Oscillating Theory d. Big Bang Theory
33. How do scientists know the universe is expanding?
a. The universe is not expanding
b. There is no way to tell.
c. Blue shifted objects like near galaxies moving toward us show the universe is expanding.
d. Red shifted objects like distant galaxies moving away from us show the universe is expanding
34. The force that is opposite of gravity that scientists think is pushing the universe part is
a. Dark Matter b. Dark Energy c. Electromagnetism d. Friction
35. 90 percent of the mass of the universe is made of
a. atoms b. dark matter c. planets d. Galaxies
36. What theory about the origin of the universe has been disproven?
a. Big Bang Theory b. Grand Field Theory c. Theory of Evolution d. Steady State Theory
37.According to nebular theories, the planets formed from material which was
a.pulled from the sun during a collision with another star
b.ejected from the sun by an explosion
c.captured by the sun from interstellar space
d. part of the collapsing cloud which formed the sun
38. According to the Nebular Hypothesis, the solar system began as
a. a rapidly rotating sun.
b. a cloud containing mostly heavy elements.
c. a cloud of dust and gas.
d. the result of a collision between two giant suns.
39.Which of the following is considered as supporting evidence for the Big Bang Theory of
the Universe?
a. It predicts the presence of cosmic microwave background radiation with a temper-
ature of 2.7 Kelvin
b. It predicts accurately the observed distribution of stars in our galaxy
c. It predicts accurately the relative abundance of heavy elements (such as iron) to
light elements (such as helium)
d. It predicts the existence of Dark Matter in the universe

40.The temperature of the universe one second after the 'big bang' is thought to have been approximately
a. 10 billion degrees Celsius c. the same as its current temperature
b. 1 billion degrees Celsius d. 100 trillion trillion degrees Celsius
41.Who observed galaxies moving away from us?
a. Georges Lemaitre b. Edwin Hubble c. Robert Wilson d. Arno Penzias
42. Why is the Big Bang Theory the most accepted theory for how the universe was formed?
a. Religion says its the best theory
b. A small group of scientists said it was the best opinion
c. It is the most simple explanation for the evidence we have.
d. Science has proven it beyond doubt.
43.It is likely that the planets, satellites, and other members of the solar system were formed
a. together with the sun c. later than the sun from material it ejected
b. later than the sun from material it captured from space d. elsewhere and were captured by the sun
44.Present evidence suggests that most of the mass of the universe is in the form of
a. dark matter b. luminous matter c. cosmic rays d. black holes
45. One of the largest volcanos in our solar system-if not the largest-is
named Olympus Mons. This volcano is located on
a. Jupiter's moon Callisto b. Venus c. Saturn's moon Titan d. Mars
46. The planet Jupiter has a mass that is
a. equal to the combined masses of the earth and Mars
b. equal to the combined masses of Saturn and Pluto
c. equal to the combined masses of Saturn, Neptune and Uranus
d. greater than the combined masses of all of the planets
47. The universe is estimated to be between ten and twenty billion years old. This estimate is based on the value
of which constant?
a. The mass of the Earth c. The speed of light
b. The Hubble Constant d. The mass of the electron
48. The cosmic background radiation, a remnant of the Big Bang, is at
what temperature?
a. 100K b. 0K c. 5.3k d. 2.7K
49. On which of the following planets would the sun rise in the west?
a. Saturn b. Uranus c. Mercury d. Venus
50. The word Albedo (pron: al-BEE-doe) refers to which of the following?
a. The wobbling motion of a planet c. The amount of light a planet reflects
b. The phase changes of a planet d. The brightness of a star

II. . Essay.
1.Describe briefl y the currently accepted theory of the origin of the Solar System.
2. What do astronomers mean when they say “the universe is expanding?”

Note: This is your take home exam which will be submitted during the test on Saturday,Oct.11,2017.Please use
your test booklet.