Vibration Analysis of Motor

Lay out
o Introduction of Electric Motors
o Types of Electric Motors
o Description of Induction Motor
o Failures in Induction Motors
o Vibration patterens
• Static eccentricity(Stator)
• Dynamic eccentricity (Rotor)
• Rotor bar faults
o Motor Current Signature Analysis
o Case studies
Introduction to motor
 Electric Motors

 Electric motor is an
electrical machine which
converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy.

 Motor is used to produce

linear or rotary force.
 The Basics of Magnetism
• The first basic concept to
understand is that north
attracts south, and vice versa.

• Electric motors are basically

designed to create a rotating
magnetic field that a
magnetized rotor is compelled
to follow.

• The difference between each

type of motor is how it creates
the rotating magnetic field,
and how the rotor is
magnetized.
Basic Principle of Electromagnetism
 When we pass an electric current through a conductor a magnetic field
is created around the conductor – but only while the current is flowing.

 When the current flows in one direction a magnetic field will be set up
with the north and south pole set up one way.

 When the current flows in the other direction, the north and south
pole reverse direction.

 The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the strength of the

flow of current. And if the current flow stops, the magnetic field dies.
(contd.)
Magnetic Field using AC
 However an alternating current
AC system is different.
 An AC voltage rises and falls in a
sinusoidal pattern with a
frequency of either 50 Hz or 60
Hz.
 As the voltage rises from zero to
the full voltage 90 degrees later,
the current flow will increase to
a maximum value.
 As that happens a magnetic field
will be established and will
reach its maximum in phase
with the current flow.
 Magnetic Field using AC
 But as the current falls back to zero,
a further 90 degrees later, the
magnetic field will fall again to zero.
 Then the current will begin to flow
in the opposite direction. Therefore
the reversed magnetic field will
again be established.
 Again the magnetic field will reach
its maximum when the current flow
is greatest, at 270 degrees, and it dies
again as the current comes back to
zero at 360 degrees.
 This happens with every cycle; either
50 times per second or 60 times per
second.
 Coils and magnetic fields
 When current flows through a
conductor a magnetic field is
created.

 When the conductor is shaped

to form a loop, the magnetic
field strength is doubled.

 Therefore electric motors use

coils of insulated wire to create
very strong magnetic fields. The
coils are built into the stator.
Inducing current in a conductor
 When a conductor is subjected to
a moving magnetic field, current
will flow in that conductor.

 Current flow creates a magnetic

field, and that can induce current
in another conductor.

 The amount of current flow

depends upon the strength of the
magnetic field and the length of
conductor