Result

Bibliographic Ent Standardized

(w/surrounding te
ry Result
xt)
Topic 3.5b Stress
probs 2
(determinate). "The density of
University of steel is 490
7.85 g/cm3
Wisconsin-Stout pounds per cubic
Physics foot."
Department, 20
January 1998.
Alcir Grohmann. "To know the 7.8 g/cm3
Polystyrene area: you could
Cutter. Ask A weight [sic] the
Scientist. wire and
Argonne considering that
National the density of
Laboratory. steel is
approximately
7.8 g/cm3 having
the length you
can estimate the
 Area [sic]."
Materials Sorted
by Category
7.47–8.03 g/c
Then Density. [see table 1]
m3
Marcus
Materials.
CRC Handbook
of Chemistry and
Physics. 75th 7.86–7.9 g/c
[see table 2]
edition. Florida: m3
Chemical Rubber
Co, 1994.
Scott Hawkins. "The short 7.75–8.05 g/c
Re: What is the answer to your m3
density of steel? question is that
MadSci Network. the density of
11 September 19 plain mild steel is
97. 7.85. The long
answer is that
depending on
where you look,
or the grade of
 steel that you are
talking about can
change this
value. A density
of 7.88 is often
quoted for mild
steel as well. If
you add alloying
elements such as
tungsten, chrome
or manganese to
improve the steel,
the density will
change. So the
long answer is
that the density
of steel can vary
between 7.75 and
8.05."

A man of steel is what every girl wants

and what every guy wants to be. Steel is
like air, it's everywhere: from bridges to
fridges and from washing machines to
canteens. Steel is mostly composed of
iron and carbon. It contains small
amounts of manganese and even smaller
amounts of silicon, phosphorous, oxygen,
sulfur, and other elements. Henry
Bessemer created the Bessemer process
in 1856 to manufacture steel cheaply.

Density is one of the numerous properties of steel. It is

calculated by dividing the mass by the volume. Steel
comes in many different forms. Their densities differ by
type (see tables below).

Table 1 Table 2
Materials Sorted Densit
Common
By Category Then y
Name
Density (g/cm3)
Categ Materi Dens Plain carbon
ory al ity steel AISI- 7.86
SAE 1020
 Steel, Stainless
Metal 7.715
tool steel type 7.9
Wrough 304
Metal 7.75
t Iron
Carbon
Metal Tool 7.82
Steel
Steel,
Metal cold- 7.83
drawn
Carbon
Metal 7.84
Steel
Steel,
Metal C1020, 7.85
HR
Pure
Metal 7.86
Iron
Metal Soft 7.87
 Steel
(0.06%
C)
Stainle
ss
Metal 8.03
Steel,
304
Stainle
ss
Metal 8.03
18Cr-
8Ni

There are many uses for steel. Stainless

steel, for example, is used for surgical
tools and kitchen utensils. It is a type of
steel that contains low carbon levels and
at least 10.5% of chromium. This results in
corrosion resistance. Another kind of
steel, tool steel, is used for metal cutting
tools an drill bits because it is hard, but
brittle. The amount of carbon in carbon
steel determines the hardness of the
steel. The more carbon it contains, the
harder the steel. Carbon steel is often
used for automobile parts.

Steel and its various forms have multiple

uses around the world. The nature of the
steel depends on its content, which
results in varying densities. In most
cases, the denser the steel, the harder it
is. Hence, a man of steel is every girl's
dream.

Karen Sutherland -- 2004

Result
Bibliographic Ent Standardized
(w/surrounding te
ry Result
xt)
Cutnell & "Iron (Steel) 7860 kg/m3
Johnson. 7860"
Physics. John
Wiley & Sons,
Inc. 1998 CRC
Press, Florida:
308
"NPL's working
National
standards and
Physical
most of the
Laboratory. Air
weights sent to
Density
NPL for 8000 kg/m3
Measurement.
calibration are
Teddington,
made of stainless
Middlesex, UK.
steel (density
2004.
8.0g cm^-3)"
"For example,
6061 aluminum
Nicol, Scot. weighs 0.098
Metallurgy for pounds per cubic
Cyclists The inch. 4130 steel 7833 kg/m3
Basics. San Jose weighs 0.283
University. lb/in3 and 3/2.5
Titanium is 0.160
lb/in3."
Parmatech [see table below] 7600?7800 kg/
Corporation. PIM m3
Materials.
Petaluma, CA.
Arizona Board of "The relative
Regents. density of steel is
7700 kg/m3
Density. 2002- 7.7 and that of
2004. mercury is 13.6"

There are five major classifications of

steels: carbon steel, alloy steel, high-
strength low-alloy steel, stainless steel
and tool steel. Carbon steels are the most
common, containing various amounts of
carbon, produce everything from
machines to bedsprings to bobby pins.
Alloy steels have definite amounts of
vanadium, molybdenum, manganese,
silicon and cooper. Alloy steels produce
gears, carving knives and even roller
skates. Stainless steels have chromium,
nickel amongst other alloy elements
which sustains their color and reaction to
rust. Stainless steel products include
pipes, space capsules, surgical equipment
to kitchen equipment. Last but not least,
tool steels have tungsten, molybdenum
amongst other alloy elements. These
elements create the strength and ability
of the tool steel products, which include
parts for manufacturing operations as well
as machinery.

The varying amounts of carbon, amongst

other elements in each of the types of
steel create a variety in densities or
specific gravities. (Specific gravity or
relative density is the ratio of a material's
density to that of water.)

Stainless steels are the most dense,

coming in at 8000 kg/m3. Though the
densities vary, the density of steel is
about 7700 kg/m3. The density of steel are
measured in g/cm3, kg/m3, kg/L and lb/f3,
with kg/m3 being the more commonly used
measurement. A good way to remember
the density of steel is to remember that
titanium has about half the density of
steel and aluminum is about one-third. If
you can remember that, then you know
what you're doing!

Monica M. -- 2004

Typical Mechanical Properties of

Parmatech PIM Alloys
Density (g/c
Material Group Alloy*
m3)
MIM-2200
Low Alloy &
(Fe-2%Ni) 7.60
Alloy Steels
as-sintered
MIM-2200
Low Alloy & (Fe-2%Ni)
7.60
Alloy Steels Heat
treated**
MIM-2700
Low Alloy &
(Fe-7%Ni) 7.60
Alloy Steels
as-sintered
Low Alloy & MIM-2700 7.60
Alloy Steels (Fe-7%Ni)
 Carbo-
nitrided
Stainless
MIM-316L 7.80
Steels
Stainless
304 L 7.75
Steels
Stainless MIM-17-4 PH
7.60
Steels As-sintered
MIM-17-4 PH
Stainless
Heat-treated 7.60
Steels
(H900)
420
Stainless
HIP'ed + Hea 7.70
Steels
t Treated
Soft Magnetic
MIM-430L 7.50
Alloys
Soft Magnetic
MIM-Fe-3%Si 7.50
Alloys
Soft Magnetic MIM-Fe-
7.70
Alloys 50%Ni
Controlled
Kovar
Expansion 8.0
(F-15 Alloy)
Alloy
Other Alloys Pyromet 718 NA