Fayolism

Fayol's work was one of the first comprehensive statements of a general theory of
management.[8] He proposed that there were five primary functions of management
and fourteen principles of management[9]

Functions of management
In his original work, Administration industrielle et générale; prévoyance,
organisation, commandement, coordination, controle, five primary functions were
identified:

Planning
Organizing
Staffing
Directing
Controlling

The control function, from the French contrôler, is used in the sense that a manager
must receive feedback about a process in order to make necessary adjustments and
must analyze the deviations. Lately scholars of management combined the
commanding and coordinating function into one leading function.

Principles of management

Division of work - In practice, employees are specialized in different areas and they
have different skills. Different levels of expertise can be distinguished within the
knowledge areas (from generalist to specialist). Personal and professional
developments support this. According to Henri Fayol specialization promotes
efficiency of the workforce and increases productivity. In addition, the specialization
of the workforce increases their accuracy and speed. This management principle of
the 14 principles of management is applicable to both technical and managerial
activities.

Authority - According to Henri Fayol, the accompanying power or authority gives the
management the right to give orders to the subordinates.14 Principles of Henry Fayol

Discipline - This third principle of the 14 principles of management is about

obedience. It is often a part of the core values of a mission and vision in the form of
good conduct and respectful interactions 14 principles of management
Unity of command - Every employee should receive orders from only one superior
or behalf of the superior.

Unity of direction - Each group of organizational activities that have the same
objective should be directed by one manager using one plan for achievement of one
common goal.

Subordination of Individual Interest - The interests of any one employee or group of

employees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as a
whole.
Remuneration - All Workers must be paid a fair wage for their services.

Centralisation and decentralisation - This refers to the degree to which subordinates

are involved in decision making.

Scalar chain - The line of authority from top management to the lowest ranks
represents the scalar chain. Communications should follow this chain.

Order - this principle is concerned with systematic arrangement of men, machine,

material etc. There should be a specific place for every employee in an organization

Equity - Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.

Stability of tenure of personnel - High employee turnover is inefficient. Management

should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that replacements are
available to fill vacancies.

Initiative - Employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert high
levels of effort.

Esprit de corps - Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the
organization.