Arabism: Spanish voice from Arabic; it is estimated that some four thousand Castilian

words come from Arabic. Eg, hopefully, mayor, pillow, carrot, etc.

Aráfina: To resort to a precedent text with demonstrative pronouns. For ex. Juan and
Pedro went fishing, this one did not catch anything and that one only a trout. It is only used
in the written language.

Arcadia: Region of the Peloponnese that the classical poets turned into the land of
innocence and virtue. Metaphorically, primeval place of happiness.

Arcane: Use of outdated words or phrases.

Arenga: Military or political speech that is pronounced in order to inflame the listeners.

Argó: (From the French "slang") Way of speaking or writing using vocabulary of a
profession, age, situation (for example, in jail). Jargon.

Argument: also called "fable" or "history"; the sequence of actions or events that occur in
a narrative.

Bard: Poet Origin in the ancient Celts.

Baroque: a literary movement of the Golden Age characterized by the excess or by the
accumulation of ornamental elements.

Barroquismo: Busy and ornate style. By extension, bad taste.

Batology: Pleonasm. Inclusion in a sentence of words that mean the same thing or that
are implicit. For ex. Go up.

Best-seller: (In English, "best sold") Work normally fiction and low literary quality but great
editorial success.

Bibliography: Collection of books that refer to a theme or an author.

Bordón: Broken verse repeated at the end of each verse.

Bucolic: (From the Greek "boukolos": shepherd of oxen). Poetry that deals with country
life. They are usually discussed.

Cadence: Distribution of sounds and accents in a literary text.

Caligrama: Term taken from the work of the French poet Apollinaire, Calligrames. It is the
poem where the arrangement of the verses suggests a graphic form.

Description: Statement of the characteristics of objects, beings or circumstances. In the

realistic literature of post-war Spain this narrative resource was used abundantly.

Outcome: How the argument is resolved. in the drama the outcome refers to what
happens after the climax and the way in which the action is resolved.

Editorial: Company dedicated to publishing. Article that expresses the opinion or position
of the editors of a newspaper or magazine.

Eclogue: a pastoral poem; Traditionally it consisted in an idealized dialogue between

pastors in imitation of Virgil's eclogues.

Elegy: a lyrical poem in praise of someone who has died or who expresses melancholy or
longing.

Farándula: Environment related to the theater.

Farce: Generic dramatic work, preferably comic.

Figures: There are various figures, including rhetorical figures and figures of speech (See
Rhetoric and diction).

Rhetorical figures: the poetic resources established by the poet or by tradition; e.g.,
metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole, simile, epithet, rhyme, prosopopeia, apostrophe.

Philology: Science that deals with the study of language and literature.

Heptasílabo: Verse of seven syllables. Very used in the Renaissance in combination with
verses of eleven syllables and later in the eighteenth century.

Heteronimia: Lexical differentiation of words that have great semantic proximity, but that
come from different roots. Eg Horse - mare, son - in - law, daughter - cow.

Heterónimo: Fictitious person that corresponds to the pseudonym of a writer.

Heterostichio: Hemistiquios with unequal number of syllables.

Hexadecasílabo: Verses of sixteen syllables. Also called.

Legend: Narration of fantastic events, which are considered part of the history of a
community or place. Fictional story based on the historical.

Libel: Satirical writing, usually short, where a person or group is offended. It can take the
appearance of a serious study.

License: Freedom that the poet has not to strictly abide by the grammatical or prosodic
rules.

Metaphor: Tropo or rhetorical figure consisting of the combination of ideas to enhance

their perception, usually by contrast or implicit or explicit comparison.

Metaplasm: Alteration of a word by deleting, adding or changing some of its letters.

Metateatro: the theater within a theater; a drama whose main technique involves the idea
that reality is only a dramatic representation and real people are like characters in a
theater.

Paleography: Science that studies the writing or writing from antiquity.

Palimpsest: Ancient manuscript that has traces of a previous writing. Old tablet where you
could erase the writing to reuse it.

Palindrome: Phrase that can be read in reverse without changes. For ex. "Adam does not
shut up with anything."

Palinodia: Composition in verse in which the author retracts something.

Panegyric: Composition in which someone is praised

Seventh: Composition of seven verses of major art used in the Middle Ages.

Serranilla: Poetic composition of minor art of popular theme. The Marquis of Santillana
cultivated the genre.

Serventesio: Quartet of major art, which rhyme the first with the third and the second with
the fourth (abab).

Pseudonym: False name that an author uses when signing his works to hide his identity.

Verse: Verse that lacks rhyme and regular accents.

Free verse: a poetic form characterized by the lack of rhyme and regular metric