Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
66-13
Shear Transfer in
Reinforced Concrete
Presents a study of shear transfer in reinforced
concrete, that is, the transfer of shear across a
plane, such as at the interface between a precast
beam and a cast-in-place slab. Thirty-eight push-
off specimens were tested, some with, some without
a pre-existing crack along the shear plane. The
shear-friction theory was found to give a conserva-
tive estimate of the shear transfer strength of
initially cracked concrete. A method is presented
for the calculation of shear transfer strength in
initially uncracked concrete, based on the Zia
envelope to Mohr circles representing failure con-
ditions for concrete.
By J. A. HOFBECK, I. 0. IBRAHIM and Keywords: composite construction (concrete to
concrete); connections; precast concrete; rein-
forced eoncrete; research; shear strength; slippage.
ALAN H. MATTOCK
• SITUATIONS EXIST WHERE shear failure is con-
strained to occur along a plane, such as at the in-
terface between a precast beam and a cast-in-place
deck slab, or at certain locations in precast con-
crete connections. The transfer of shear across
such a plane is called "shear transfer," to dis-
tinguish this type of shearing action from that
which usually occurs in a reinforced concrete
beam.
Instances where shear transfer across a definite
plane must be considered in the design of precast
concrete connections have been discussed by
Birkeland and Birkeland 1 and by Mast.2 Mast has
further pointed out the need to consider the case
where a crack may exist along the shear plane
before shear is applied. Such cracks can occur for
a variety of reasons unrelated to shear, such as
tension forces caused by restrained shrinkage or
temperature deformations, accidental dropping of
a member, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
This paper reports a study of the shear transfer
strength of reinforced concrete, both with and
without a crack existing along the shear plane
:;::3 (9.5)
stirrups
0
1
(kgf/mm 2 }
-
50.7 (35.7)
(kgf/cm2)
4040
3920
(284)
(276)
No.
3.1
3.2
-
,.
(mm)
,,
#2
(3.2)
(6.4)
stirrups
·-
2
2
(kgf/mm')
50.1
56.8
(35.2)
( 40.0)
(kgf/cm2)
4040
4010
(284)
(282)
l.lB #3 (9.5) 1 48.0 (33.8) 4340 (305) 3.3 #3 (9.5) 2 50.7 (35.7) 3100 (218)
1.2A #3 (9.5) 2 50.7 (35.7) 3840 (270) 3.4 #4 (12.7) 2 47.2 (33.2) 4040 (284)
1.2B #3 (9.5) 2 48.0 (33.8) 4180 (294) 3.5 #5 ( 15.9) 2 42.4 (29.8) 4040 (284)
1.3A #3 (9.5) 3 50.7 (35.7) 3840 (270) 4.1 #3 (9.5) 1 66.1 (46.5) 4070 (286)
1.3B #3 (9.5) 3 48.0 (33.8) 3920 (276) 4.2 #3 (9.5) 2 66.1 (46.5) 4070 (286)
1.4A #3 (9.5) 4 50.7 (35.7) 4510 (317) 4.3 #3 (9.5) 3 66.1 (46.5) 4340 (305)
1.4B #3 (9.5) 4 48.0 (33.8) 3855 (272) 4.4 #3 (9.5) 4 66.1 (46.5) 4340 (305)
1.5A #3 (9.5) 5 50.7 (35.7) 4510 (317) 4.5 #3 (9.5) 5 66.1 ( 46.5) 3390 (239)
1.5B #3 (9.5) 5 48.0 (33.8) 4065 (286) 5.1 #3 (9.5) 1 50.7 (35.7) 2450 (172)
1.6A #3 (9.5) 6 50.7 (35.7) 4310 (303) 5.2 #3 (9.5) 2 50.7 (35.7) 2620 ( 184)
1.6B #3 (9.5) 6 48.0 (33.8) 4050 (285) 5.3 #3 (9.5) 3 50.7 (35.7) 2385 (168)
2.1 #3 (9.5) 1 50.7 (35.7) 3100 (218) 5.4 #3 (9.5) 4 50.7 (35.7) 2580 (182)
2.2 #3 (9.5) 2 50.7 (35.7) 3100 (218) 5.5 #3 (9.5) 5 50.7 (35.7) 2620 (184)
2.3 #3 (9.5) 3 50.7 (35.7) 3900 (275) 6.1 * #3 (9.5) 1 48.0 (33.8) 3960 (279)
2.4 #3 (9.5) 4 50.7 (35.7) 3900 (275) 6.2* #3 (9.5) 5 48.0 (33.8) 3930 (277)
2.5 #3 (9.5) 5 50.7 (35.7) 4180 (294) 6.3 #3 (9.5) 1 48.0 (33.8) 3960 (279)
2.6 #3 (9.5) 6 50.7 (35.7) 4180 (294) 6.4 #3 (9.5) 5 48.0 (33.8) 3930 (277)
-----
*All of Series 1 and Specimens 6.1 and 6.2 were uncracked at start of test.
All other specimens were cracked along the shear plane before start of shear test.
tAll reinforcement except the % in. diameter and #2 bars conformed to ASTM A305 for deformations.
:.;:: (30)
• 60
>
u ~53.5k,1.3B
o ~-49.0k,1.2B
_5 (20) - 42 2 k II B
~4ov-···
<! (10)
20
0 + 0
0 1,~66.1 ksi ~ 0
Series 3 (46.5 kgflmm2 ) "'-
Vu, 0
~
psi
#3
(9.5mm)
Series2
Variable Stirrup Spacing
Constant Bar Size ;"'3 (9.5 mm)
0
+ ' Series 2 - f, ~ 50.7 ksi
(35.7 kgflmm 2 )
0 0
p fy , psi
Fig. 4-Effect of stirrup bar size and spacing on the Fig. 5-Effect of stirrup reinforcement Jield point on
shear strength of initially cracked specimens the shear strength of initially cracke specimens
the results of Tests Series 2 and 3 are compared stirrups was greater than that of the specimens
to determine whether the way in which the reinforced with intermediate grade stirrups, for
reinforcement ratio is changed has any effect on any particular value of reinforcement parameter
the relationship between ultimate shear strength Pfv· This appears to indicate that at ultimate
and the reinforcement parameter Pfv· In Series strength the A432 stirrups developed a stress
2, p was changed by varying the stirrup spacing, greater than their yield point, i.e., strain harden-
the bar size being constant, (#3) (9.5 mm dia.). ing occurred. This is quite possible, as the yield
In Series 3, p was changed by varying the bar plateau of the A432 reinforcement is considerably
size between lfs in. (3.2 mm) diameter and #5 shorter than that of the intermediate grade rein-
(15.9 mm), while maintaining a constant spacing forcement. The test results indicate that it may
of 5 in. (12.7 em). It appears that the way in safely be assumed in design that A432 reinforcing
which pis changed does not affect the relationship bars will develop their specified yield strength
between shear strength and the parameter pf,,. when used as shear transfer reinforcement.
Effect of stirrup reinforcement yield point Effect of concrete strength
In the tests so far discussed, and in other avail- The effect of variation in concrete strength on
able test data,M the stirrup reinforcement was all the shear strength of initially cracked specimens
of intermediate grade with a yield point of about is illustrated in Fig. 6. The specimens of Series
50 ksi (nom. 35 kgf/mm2 ). It was thought desir- 2 and 5 were identical in all respects except con-
able to check whether the full yield strength of crete strength, Series 2 having 4000 psi (280
Type A432 reinforcing bars can be developed kgf/cm 2 ) concrete and Series 5 having 2500 psi
when they are used as shear transfer reinforce- (175 kgf/cm 2 ) concrete. For values of pf11 below
ment. about 600 psi (nom. 42 kgf/cm2 ) the concrete
v •
v
Ed
0 Series2- f,,50ksi(35kgf/mm') 0 v
0: =-
0 Y bw
+ Series 3 - t,"' 50 ksi (35kgf/mm')
Fig. 8-Comparison of shear strength calculated using Fig. 9-Construction of relationship between shear
"shear friction" equation, with measured strength of strength v, and reinforcement parameter pfy. in an initi-
initially cracked specimens having fc' = 4000 psi ally uncracked push-off specimen
p f,, psi
p f, '
Fig. I0-Comparison of shear strength calculated using
the Zia failure envelope with measured strength of the Fig. 11-Comparison of test results obtained by Ander-
initially uncracked specimens of Series I son4 with relationships derived from Zia failure envelope