Decide whether each of these reactions is exothermic or endothermic:

a) When two chemicals mix their temperature rises: ____exo___________

b) A solid burns brightly and releases heat, light and sound:

______exo_________

c) When two chemicals are mixed their temperature drops:

______endo_________

d) Two chemicals will only react if you heat them continually:

______endo_________

e) Plants take in light energy for photosynthesis: ____endo___________

Phase Change Descriptions:

Melting
the change from ________________ to ________________.
Freezing
the change from _________________ to _________________.
vaporization
the change from ________________ to _________________ .
Condensation
the change from ________________ to __________________ .
Sublimation
the change from _______________ to __________________ .
Deposition
the change from _______________ to __________________ .

Worksheet Answers - Physical and Chemical Changes

1. Label each process as a physical or chemical change:

a. perfume evaporating on your skin - physical

b. butter melting - physical
c. wood rotting - chemical
d. charcoal heating a grill - see below
e. autumn leaves changing color - chemical
f. a hot glass cracking when placed in cold water - physical
g. melting copper metal - physical [see (b) above]
h. burning sugar - chemical
i. mixing sugar in water - physical
j. digesting food - chemical

Part (d) of this question can be understood two ways: is it asking about the
charcoal producing the heat or about the metal grill getting hot? The metal
grill getting hot is a physical change, the charcoal reacting with oxygen
(which produces the heat) is a chemical change.

2. Which of the following would NOT be a physical change?

a. freezing water to make ice cubes

b. melting gold to make jewelry
c. burning gasoline in a lawnmower - this one is NOT a physical change
d. boiling water for soup
e. tearing a piece of aluminum foil

In part (c) there actually is a physical change, in that the gasoline must first
evaporate before it burns. However, the question is asking about the burning,
which is a chemical change. Burning does not include the physical change of
evaporation.

3. Which of the following is NOT a physical change?

a. grating cheese
b. melting cheese
c. fermenting of cheese - this one is NOT a physical change
d. mixing two cheeses in a bowl

4. Which are physical and which are chemical changes?

a. boil - physical
b. burn (combustion) - chemical
c. condense - physical
d. corrode - chemical
e. crumple - physical
f. ferment - chemical
g. melt - physical
h. rust - chemical
i. crush - physical
j. freeze - physical
k. oxidize - chemical
l. tarnish - chemical
m. explode - see comment below
n. grind - physical
o. rot - chemical
p. vaporize - physical
q. photosynthesis - chemical
r. sublimation - physical
Part (m) of this question can be understood two ways: does 'exposion' means
the actual opening up of the container (a bomb, for example) or does it refer
to the chemical inside the bomb reacting? The exposion which throws pieces
of the bomb about is a physical change, the chemical reacting inside the
bomb (which produces the heat & pressure causing the bomb to shatter into
pieces) is a chemical change.

5. If a certain mixture is homogeneous, you would properly conclude that the

physical properties and the composition:

a. are different from one part of the sample to another

b. vary smoothly from top to bottom of the sample
c. are the same in every small volume element from the sample - the
correct answer
d. none of these

6. Label each process as a physical or chemical change:

a. Moth balls gradually vaporize in a closet - physical

b. hydrofluoric acid attacks glass (used to etch glassware) - chemical
c. A chef making a sauce with brandy is able to burn off the alcohol from the
brandy, leaving just the brandy flavoring - chemical
d. Chlorine gas liquefies at -35 °C under normal pressure - physical
e. hydrogen burns in chlorine gas - chemical

Part (c) actually has a physical process in it. The alcohol must first evaporate,
which is a physical change, before it burns (the chemical change. The
question explicitly uses the concept of burning, so answering this one as both
a physical and a chemical change (if asked on a test) would probably garner
partial credit.

7. Label each process as a physical or chemical change:

a. fogging a mirror with your breath - physical

b. breaking a bone - physical
c. mending a broken bone - chemical
d. burning paper - chemical
e. slicing potatoes for fries - physical
f. mixing sugar with coffee - physical
g. frying chicken - chemical
h. a nail rusting - chemical
i. paper ripping - physical
j. wood burning - chemical
k. mixing water and food coloring - physical
l. food molding (rotting) - chemical
m. writing on paper - physical
n. dyeing fabric - see comment below
Part (n) of this question can be understood two ways: the dye can simply be
absorbed by the fabric (this is a physical change) or it can react chemically
with the fabric (this is a chemical change). Depending on the fabric and the
dye involved, one or both processes may occur.

Chemistry: Properties

Recall that physical properties can be observed without producing new

substances. Chemical properties describe how a substance interacts with
other substances to produce new substances. Extensive properties depend
upon the amount of matter in the sample; intensive properties do not.

Directions, Part 1: Classify each of the properties listed below as extensive or

intensive. Then classify each property as physical or chemical. Write
the word out to earn full credit.

Extensive or Intensive Physical or Chemical

Property Property Property
color intensive physical

combustibility intensive chemical

hardness intensive physical

density intensive physical

mass extensive physical

melting point intensive physical

ductility intensive physical

volume extensive physical

reactivity with acid intensive chemical

odor intensive physical

weight extensive physical

malleability intensive physical

tendency to corrode intensive chemical

Directions, Part 2: Some measurements or descriptions of properties are

listed below. Write which property is being described in each case.
Select properties that are listed in the table from Part 1.
 A. 15 dm3 A.
____volume____________
B. can easily be hammered into sheets B.
____malleability_________
C. 2.8 g/cm3 C.
____density____________
D. burns when heated in the presence of O 2 D.
____combustibility______
E. shiny metal forms a chalky white layer on its surface E.
____tendency to corrode_
F. can be scratched by a diamond F.
____hardness___________
G. 500oC G. ____melting
point_______
H. can easily be drawn into a wire H.
____ductility____________

Worksheet: Classification of Matter

Classify each of the following as an element, compound, solution or
heterogeneous mixture.

1. Table Salt compound

2. Apple heterogeneous mixture
3. Plutonium element
4. Water compound
5. Calcium element
6. Raisin Bran heterogeneous mixture
7. Gasoline solution
8. Calcium Bromide compound
9. Iced Tea (no ice) solution
10. Silver element
11. Chocolate Chip Cookie heterogeneous mixture
12. Carbon Dioxide compound
13. Kool-Aid solution
 14. Mud heterogeneous mixture
15. Vegetable Soup heterogeneous mixture
16. Pure Air solution
17. Bronze solution
18. Neon element
19. Ammonium Nitrate compound
20. Spaghetti and meatballs heterogeneous mixture

21. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and water will form a solution. Both are
liquids at room temperature. How is it determined which one is the
solvent?
The solvent would be the one that we have the
most of (the major component)

22. Sugar is dissolved in a cup of hot coffee. Is the sugar a solute or

solvent? How do you know?
Sugar is the solute because it dissolves in the hot coffee.

23. State a difference between a compound and a solution.

A compound is a chemical combination with a set ratio of atoms
of different elements whereas a solution is a physical combination
(mixture) with a composition that can vary.

24. State a difference between a compound and an element.

A compound contains atoms of more than one element whereas
an element contains atoms of only one type of element.

25. State a difference between a solution and a heterogeneous

mixture.
A solution is homogeneous in other words it is uniform throughout.
A heterogeneous mixture has physically separate
sections to it (it is not uniform).

Question Answer
Which separating techniques will be use to
Filtration
separate mud and water?
Simple distillation is use to separate? Solids in a liquid mixtures
Which separating technique will be use to separate
Fractional distillation
miscible mixtures?
To separate substances
What is paper chromatography is use for?
into their components
Which separating technique will be use to separate
Separating funnel
immiscible mixtures?
To obtain drinking water from muddy water what
Filtration
technique will be used?
To separate petrol from crude oil which technique
Separating funnel
will be used?
To remove leaves from a swimming pool which
Simple distillation
technique will be used??
To obtain pure sugar from a solution which
Simple distillation
technique will be used?
To determine whether the coloring in a fruit juice is
a single substance or a mixture of colored Paper chromatography
substance which technique will be used?

Fill in the Blanks: Complete the following sente

nces by Choosing the best separation technique for
each
situation listed below. Each word can be used on
ce, more than once, or not at all.
filtration
crystallization
chromatography
electrolysis
distillation
a.
Heterogeneous mixtures are often separated by _____
filtration
________.
b.
Separating sand from water is done by _____
filtration
_______.
c.
The sugar in sugar water can be removed by _____
crystallization
________.
d.
The separation technique that takes advantage of di
fferent boiling points in called ___
distillation
____.
e.
Removing chlorophyll pigment from leaves might be d
one by ____
chromatography
_______.
f.
The best way to decompose water into oxygen and hyd
rogen is by ____
electrolysis
______.
g.
Crude oil is broken down by heat, vaporized, and al
lowed to condense into various liquids such as
gasoline. This process is called ____
distillation
____.

Name the techniques which are suitable for separating the following mixture:
Situation

Separation Technique(s)
a. To obtain drinking water from muddy water
Distillation, Evaporation, Filtration
b.
To separate petrol from crude oil
Distillation
c. To remove leaves from a swimming pool
Filtration, Mechanical Separation
d. To obtain pure sugar from a solution
Evaporation, Crystallization
e.
To determine whether the colouring in a fruit juice is a single substance or a
mixture of coloured substances
Chromatography