Design and Simulation of Multi-Energy

Hybrid Power System Based on Wave and

Wind Energy
Minshuo Chen1, Lei Huang1, Jian Yang2, and Yifan Lyu3
1 Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
2 State Grid Jiangsu Province Power Company Management Training Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
3
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Jiaxing Power Supply Company, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
Email: chenminshuo@seu.edu.cn

Abstract —Many islands in China are far from the island micro grid, and is not limited by island area.
mainland and electricity is difficult to cover or the cost is Therefore, for the above-mentioned problems when
high, due to this issue, the wind energy, wave energy and using single energy, multi-energy hybrid power system is
solar energy can be used to meet the demand of island power the best choice. Due to the complement of these
supply. However, the energy density of these renewable renewable sources, the hybrid system can have stable
energy sources is low and the stability is poor, which may
cause power supply instability. To deal with this issue, a
supply of electricity. In this paper, a multi-energy hybrid
multi-energy hybrid power system based on wave and wind power system based on wave and wind energy is
energy is introduced to improve power supply stability and introduced, and the control strategies of the hybrid power
power quality. Based on wave energy and wind energy, a system are proposed. Based on PSCAD, the model of
multi-energy hybrid power system is established in this multi-energy hybrid power system is built and the results
paper, and the whole system model and the control strategy are analyzed.
of wind generator and direct-drive wave generator and the power
grid-side inverter control strategy are analyzed and bracket
deduced. The PSCAD simulation model of the whole system cable
is built, and the simulation analysis is carried out. The
outer rotor
results show that the wind energy and wave energy can be
used to generate electricity, the output power is stable and buoy
power tracking is achieved.
Index Terms—direct-drive wave power generation,
direct-drive wind power generation, island power supply,
multi-energy hybrid power system. stator
inner
I. INTRODUCTION buoy
Many islands in China are far from the mainland and damping
electricity is difficult to cover or the cost is high, there are plate
still a large number of islands with no power supply.
These isolated islands are in the ocean, and there is a lot
of renewable energies around them, such as wind, wave
and other resources, which creates the conditions for the
power supply of these islands. However, there are many
difficulties when using these renewable sources [1-3].
There is a lot of difficulty in using a single energy source
Fig. 1. Scheme of direct-drive wave energy conversion system
for power supply, and because of the objective conditions
such as the limited island area, the single solar power
generation system has the characteristics of high
II. STRUCTURE OF MULTI-ENERGY HYBRID POWER
construction cost and limited output power. Also, it is
SYSTEM
difficult to have a black start for island micro grid when
using a single wind power system. Direct-drive wave
energy conversion system can carry out black start of

State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Research Institute.

Research on key technologies of sea island microgrid with wave energy
(NO.5210D0150512).

978-1-5386-3246-8/17/$31.00 © 2017 IEEE

 + +
iq _ re f iqg_ref =0 PI
- -
iq iqg

+ + +
id _ ref = 0 U dc _ ref PI idg _ ref PI
- - -
PI id
idg
Current feed-forward
+ - decoupling control
ω re f
coordinate coordinate
transformation U dc transformation

PWM detection PWM

ω iabc iabc
actuating
detection detection signal detection
actuating
signal

Wind power
generator
grid

Wave power
generator

detection detection actuating

signal
v iabc
PWM
coordinate
transformation

Current feed-forward
decoupling control
iq

-
βωτ v +
iq _ ref =
3πψ PM

id
-
id _ ref = 0 +

Fig. 2 Overall structure of the multi-energy hybrid power system

The overall structure of the multi-energy hybrid power III. CONTROL STRATEGIES OF MULTI-ENERGY HYBRID
system using direct-drive wave power and direct-drive POWER SYSTEM
wind power is shown in Fig. 2.
The whole system adopts DC bus structure, it is A. Control Strategy of PWM Rectifier
convenient to construct and control the micro grid [4]. id Rs
Also, the circulation is easy to inhibit when adopts DC
bus structure. The permanent magnet synchronous
generator is used in direct-drive wind power system, and id _ ref + k pd +
kid + -
ud
the permanent magnet linear generator is used in direct- - s +
drive wave energy conversion system, the alternating
current is converted by full bridge controlled rectifier id ω Ls
circuit into direct current. The capture of energy is
achieved by controlling generator-side current. Through iq ω Ls
the full bridge controlled inverter circuit, the rectified
-
direct current is converted into three-phase alternating iq _ ref + - k pq +
kiq + uq
current, and the flow of power from the DC side to the s -
grid side is realized.
iq RS +
-
ωψPM
Fig. 3 Structure diagram of control strategy for direct-drive wind power
generator

The control objective of direct-drive wave energy into a steady DC output by using DC-bus multi-energy
conversion system and wind power generation system is hybrid power system.
to realize the capture control of wave energy and wind Three phase permanent magnet synchronous generator
energy. Because of the time-varying speed of the mover is used in direct-drive wind power generation system [5-
in linear generator, the voltage and power changes in each 7]. The mathematical model of the three-phase permanent
period, causing the fluctuation of output voltage and magnet synchronous generator under the dq coordinate
power. However, the fluctuation of wind energy is system is as follows:
relatively small when compared with wave energy. voltage eqation:
Therefore, the unstable three-phase output is transformed
 ud  id  ψ d   −ψ q  3π n p
 u  = Rs  i  + p ψ  + ω   (1) Fem = ψ PM iq (7)
 q  q  q ψd  2τ
flux linkage equation: power equation:
ψ d   Ld 0  id  ψ PM  3π P
(2) ψ PM iq v
P = Fem v = (8)
 =  +  2τ
ψ q   0 Lq   iq   0 
where ud , uq are primary armature winding dq -axial
electromagnetic torque equation:
3n voltage, id , iq are primary armature winding dq -axial
Te = P ψ PM iq (3)
2 current, ψ d , ψ q are primary armature winding dq -axial
power equation: flux linkage, Rs is primary armature resistance, τ is
3P linear motor pole pitch, v is the moving speed of linear
Ps = Teω = ωψ PM iq (4)
2 motor, p is differential operator, Ld , Lq are primary
where ud , uq are stator winding dq -axial voltage, id ,
armature winding dq -axial inductance, ψ PM is flux
iq are stator winding dq -axial current, ψ d , ψ q are stator
linkage generated by permanent magnet, n p are the pole
winding dq -axial flux linkage, Rs is stator resistance, ω
pairs of linear motor.
is the speed of linear motor, p is differential operator, Also, from the power equation, it can be seen that
Ld , Lq are stator winding dq -axial inductance, ψ PM is when the d -axial component is 0, the output active
flux linkage generated by permanent magnet, n p are the power of the generator can be controlled by controlling
q -axial current of the generator. Therefore, the structure
pole pairs of motor.
From the power equation of the motor, it can be seen diagram of control strategy for direct-drive wave power
generator is shown in Fig. 4.
that when the d -axial component is 0, the output active
power of the generator can be controlled by controlling B. Control Strategy of PWM Inverter
q -axial current of the generator. Therefore, the structure The widely used control strategy of the grid-side
diagram of control strategy for direct-drive wind power inverter is the closed-loop SVPWM control. The structure
generator is shown in Fig. 3. diagram of grid-side PWM inverter control is shown in
id RS Fig. 5. The objective of control strategy is to maintain
constant DC voltage [8]. On the one hand, the grid-side
inverter controls the constant DC voltage. On the other
id _ ref + k pd +
kid v + -
ud hand, the reactive power is controlled. The double loop
s v +
- control (DC voltage outer loop and the current inner loop)
are adopted [9-10].
id π v Ls
uid
τ

-
iq π v Ls
idg RT
τ +

kiq v -
i q _ ref - k pq + + uq
+ s v
- kiD1 + kiD 2 + +
Udc _ ref + k pD1 + k pD 2 + U dg
- s - s -

iq RS + U dc
- idg XT
π vψ PM
τ iqg XT
Fig. 4 Structure diagram of control strategy for direct-drive wave power
generator + kiQ +
iqg _ ref k pQ +
- s + U qg
Three phase linear permanent magnet synchronous +
iqg
generator is used in direct-drive wave energy conversion
system. The mathematical model of the three-phase iqg RT
+ -
permanent magnet synchronous generator under the dq
uiq
coordinate system is as follows:
Fig. 5. Structure diagram of grid-side PWM inverter control
voltage eqation:
u d  id  ψ d  π v  −ψ q  (5) The DC voltage U dc is compared with the reference
 u  = Rs  i  + p +  
 q  q ψ q  τ  ψ d  value U dc _ ref , and then the difference is PI closed-loop
flux linkage equation:
modulated, and idg _ ref is obtained. The reactive power is
ψ d   Ld 0  id  ψ PM 
 = + (6)
ψ q   0 Lq   iq   0  controlled by controlling iqg _ ref . In this paper, iqg _ ref =0 .
electromagnetic force equation: The dq -axial currents idg , iqg are compared with the
reference value idg _ ref , iqg _ ref respectively, then the wind power generator parameters:
differences are PI closed-loop modulated, and two control stator resistance Rs = 8Ω , stator winding dq -axial
voltages are obtained, plus cross-coupling compensation inductance Ld = 0.009 H，Lq = 0.02185 H , permanent
voltages, the dq -axial control voltage reference values magnet flux linkage ψ PM =4.5Wb .
are obtained, then by using the coordinate transformation,
the three-phase control voltage reference values are
obtained, and finally the trigger signal is obtained.

IV. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

Based on the PSCAD simulation platform, the model of
multi-energy hybrid power system based on wave and
wind energy is built and simulated.
First of all, the models of wind power generator and
wave power linear generator are built.

Fig. 7. The model of linear generator in wave energy conversion

system

Fig. 6. The model of generator in wind power system

wave power linear generator parameters: Ld = 0.009 H，Lq = 0.02185 H , permanent magnet flux
primary armature resistance Rs = 8Ω , primary linkage ψ PM =4.5Wb .
armature winding dq -axial inductance
Then the rectifier circuit and its control models are wind power system:
built. d -axial current reference value id _ ref = 0 .
q -axial current reference value iq _ ref = 10 A .

Fig. 8. The model of PWM rectifier control strategy in wind power Fig. 9. The model of PWM rectifier control strategy in wave power
system system
 wave power system: The rotor of the PMLG oscillates along the vertical
d -axial current reference value id _ ref = 0 . direction, so the velocity and frequency of rotor are
changing and the output voltage of the wave generator
βωτ v
q -axial current reference value iq _ ref = , iq _ ref varies, from the figure above, the wave generator
3πψ PM performs well.
is proportional to the moving speed v , so iq _ ref is
sinusoidal variated. In this study, iq _ ref =20sin (π t ) A .
Finally, the inverter circuit and its control models are
built.

Fig. 13. Curve of id in rectifier circuit of wind power system

Fig. 10. The model of PWM inverter control strategy in multi-energy

hybrid power system

The DC voltage reference value U dc _ ref = 600V , the

reactive power is controlled to 0, so iqg _ ref =0 .
In this paper, the simulation analysis of wind generator
and wave generator is carried out. In the simulation
process, the wind speed is set to a constant speed, and the
Fig. 14. Curve of iq in rectifier circuit of wind power system
wave speed is set to sinusoidal waveform. The generator
output voltage characteristics, DC voltage characteristics
and armature current characteristics are obtained.
the simulation results are shown below:

Fig. 15. Curve of id in rectifier circuit of wave power system

Fig. 11. Scheme of wind generator output voltage

From the figure above, the wind generator output stable

voltage and it performs well.

Fig. 16. Curve of iq in rectifier circuit of wave power system

From the figure above, the rectifier circuit dq -axial

Fig. 12. Scheme of wave generator output voltage
The permanent magnet linear generator(PMLG) is used
in direct-drive wave energy conversion(DDWEC)system.
current follows the reference value quickly, the objective
to control dq -axial current and then control output power
of wind and wave generators is realized.
 [6] Kara, Zakaria, and K. Barra. "Hybrid control law for
maximum power point tracking in variable-speed wind
generation." Renewable Energy Congress IEEE, 2015:1-6.
[7] Maleki, Akbar, et al. "Optimization of a grid-connected
hybrid solar-wind-hydrogen CHP system for residential
applications by efficient metaheuristic approaches."
Applied Thermal Engineering (2017).
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assessment for Red Sea." Renewable Energy (2016).
[9] Chen, Wei Xing, et al. "Power recovery method for testing
the efficiency of the ECD of an integrated generation unit
Fig. 17. Scheme of DC voltage U dc of multi-energy hybrid power for offshore wind power and ocean wave energy." Chinese
Science: technology science 60.3(2017):1-12.
system
[10] Khrisanov, V. I., and B. F. Dmitriev. "Marine electrical
It can be seen that the DC voltage is stable at 600V at power industry with renewable energy carriers. Part 1.
Wind and wave turbines of offshore power plants." Russian
about 2s after the simulation starts. The multi-energy
Electrical Engineering 87.7(2016):409-416.
hybrid power system has good performance.

V. CONCLUSION
Based on wind and wave energy, the multi-energy
hybrid power system is designed. The control strategy of
PWM rectifier and inverter in direct-drive wave energy
conversion system and wind power system is introduced.
The model of multi-energy hybrid power system is built
by using PSCAD simulation platform, and the
performance of multi-energy hybrid power system is
analyzed. The simulation results show that the wind
power generator and wave generator work well, DC
voltage is controlled to 600V, and the current id , iq in
rectifier circuit of the system follow the reference value
quickly. The entire multi-energy hybrid power system
performs well.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported by science and technology
project of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company
Research Institute (NO.5210D0150512), (Name:
Research on key technologies of sea island micro grid
with wave energy).

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