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La presente tesis no hubiera podido llegar a feliz término sin el apoyo constante de las personas
aquí mencionadas.
Dominus firmamentum meum, et refugium meum, et liberator meus … sin tu presencia
nada soy.
A mis padres, por el cariño, atención y respaldo entregados en mi formación académica.
Al profesor Dr. Alejandro Ramírez. Agradezco su disposición al haber guiado desde un
principio la presente investigación. Sus comentarios, sugerencias y rigurosidad a la hora de
evaluar mis avances, resultaron ser siempre fructuosos.
A mis amigos de siempre, por respetar mi ausencia en estos meses de investigación.
...y (por supuesto) a Sandra, musa carissima , inspiración constante. Gracias por tu
compañía, amor, cuidado y paciencia, presentes más allá de los márgenes de la formalidad.
60- 7/ 8

4 60- 7/

El asunto de la presente investigación pretende abordar el tema de la materia en el físico
contemporáneo Werner Heisenberg. Partiendo de la tesis de que la física ha buscado siempre la
unidad en la formulación de teorías frente a la multiplicidad fenoménica, se busca estudiar la
teoría cuántica desde una perspectiva filosófica, como un intento más por alcanzar dicha unidad.
Dado que la ciencia, desde la perspectiva de Popper, es un saber conjetural, a lo largo de la
historia se ha tenido que reformular y restringir la validez de las teorías a la luz de nuevos
resultados experimentales. La historia de las ideas científicas está marcada por diversos hitos que
han llevado a un claro diálogo interdisciplinario entre ciencia y filosofía. Uno de estos
“momentos” es la elaboración de la teoría cuántica. Al interior de dicho momento se encuentra
Heisenberg.
Así, la búsqueda por la unidad en toda teoría física es inherente a su propia estructura. Ahora
bien, la física contemporánea surgió como consecuencia del descubrimiento de una serie de
fenómenos que no eran posibles de abordar mediante la física clásica. De este modo, el estudio
de las estructuras atómicas volvió a sacar a luz la vieja interrogante, ¿de qué están hechas las
cosas?. Dicho de otro modo, ¿es posible concebir un mundo físico que se sustente en un
fundamento material único y que a su vez sea posible conocerlo, es decir, de acceder a él?
Con todo, la tesis consiste en mostrar la filosofía de la física que se encuentra, en muchos
puntos implícita, en la obra de Werner Heisenberg y circunscribirla al problema de la materia;
entendiendo por tal problemática, la pregunta por el fundamento de la realidad. Con ello se
pretende mostrar cómo el pensamiento de Platón y Aristóteles determinan, filosóficamente
hablando, la búsqueda por el fundamento último del mundo físico en el mencionado autor.
Teniendo presente este desarrollo hemos pretendido mostrar que a través de dicho diálogo
interdisciplinario entre física y filosofía, Heisenberg elabora una concepción simbólica de la
materia muy en la línea de un idealismo platónico, aunque matizado en muchos punto por un
realismo aristotélico.
60- 7/ 9

: 60- 7/
*+# ,
*+# ,
“Por tanto, Sócrates, si en muchos temas, los dioses y la generación del
universo, no llegamos a ser eventualmente capaces de ofrecer un discurso que
sea totalmente coherente en todos sus aspectos y exacto, no te admires. Pero si
lo hacemos tan verosímil como cualquier otro, será necesario alegrarse, ya que
hemos de tener presente que yo, el que habla, y vosotros, los jueces, tenemos
una naturaleza humana, de modo que acerca de esto conviene que aceptemos el
relato probable y no busquemos más allá”
Platón, Timeo
“Quien medita la filosofía de Platón sabe que el cosmos se define por medio de
imágenes”
Heisenberg, Diálogos sobre la física atómica
60- 7/ 3

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