SV Agreement

SV AGREEMENT
God
bless
you.

Review
Prepared by: Jonnah Belle G.
Valero
ENGLISH Grammar in Review
Time Topic
8:00 – 8:30 Registration / Introduction
8:30 – 11:00 Subject Verb Agreement Rules
11:00 – 11:30 Tenses and Conditionals
11:30 – 12:00 Paragraph Organization
to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

24 Rules of
Subject-Verb
Agreement
to GOD be the
glory * prepared
Let’s do our best even when no one is
by: jbgvalero watching.
Rule # 1
A singular subject

must have a
singular verb.
 Jengives donations.
 She was being coy.

Rule # 2
A plural subject

must have a plural

verb.
 They give donations.
 They were being coy.

Rule # 3
 A phrase or clause
that interrupts a
subject & its verb
does NOT affect SV
Rule # 3
 The decision of the
legislators is upsetting
to many people.

Rule # 4
 The antecedent of a
relative pronoun
determines its
agreement with a
Rule # 4
 Tom is the only one of
those candidates who
has prior experience in
government.
Rule # 4
 Tom is just one of
several candidates who
have prior experience in
government.
Rule # 5
 Two or more singular
subjects joined by OR
or NOR must have a
singular verb.
Rule # 5
Either green or
blue is suitable for

the background.
Rule # 6
 Two or more plural
subjects joined by or
or nor must have a
plural verb.
Rule # 6
Neither the paints
nor the brushes

are in the studio.
Rule # 7
 If one or more
singular subjects are
joined to one or more
plural subjects by OR
or NOR, the subject
closest to the verb
Rule # 7
Either a lantern or
candles are used

on the porch.
Rule # 7
Either lanterns or
a candle is used
on the porch.
Rule # 8
 A compound subject
joined by and is
generally plural and
must have a plural
Rule # 8
A lantern and a candle are
used on the porch.
Lanterns and a candle are
used on the porch.

A lantern and candles are
used on the porch.

Exception
 Exceptions occur when the
parts of the compound subject
equal one thing and when the
word each or every is used
before a compound subject.
Each of these situations
Exception
 Bread and butter was all
they offered.
 Every chart and diagram
was drawn with precision.
Exception
 Bacon and eggs are a
classic combo--one of our
favorite meals.
 Bacon and eggs is a
popular breakfast meal in
Rule # 9
 A subject that
comes after its
verb must still
agree with it in
Rule # 9
 Under the hen’s wing was
a tiny chick.
 Which magazines does he
buy?
Rule # 9
 There are no more days in this
year.
 Here are Ann and Tanya now,
both ready to leave for the
snow slopes as soon as
•There are seven clean plates in the dining room.
•There is a hair in my lasagna.
•Over the rainbow flies a bird.
•How are the employees enjoying the new
building?
•A good gift is a gift card.
to GOD be the glory * prepared by:

jbgvalero
Rule # 10
 A linking verb must
agree with its
subject, regardless of
the number of its
Rule # 10
 Rockets were the signal to
begin the battle.
 The signal to begin the battle
was rockets.

Rule # 11
A collective noun takes
a singular verb when
the group it names acts
a single unit.
 The team has won every
game.
 A flock of starlings is flying
Rule # 11
 A collective noun takes a
plural verb when the group it
names acts individuals with
different points of view.
 The team are quarrelling in the
locker room.
 The flock of starlings jostle one
another as they race for the
Collective Nouns (group, jury, crowd,
team, etc.) may be singular or plural,
depending on meaning.
The committee meets here every Thursday. (singular)
The crowd is getting angry. (singular)
The jury has finally reached a decision. (singular)
The majority rules most of the time. (plural)
The staf have gone their separate ways for the holidays.
(plural)
The team won.
The team are quarreling.

Rule # 11
 The number of whooping cranes
has been increasing.
 A number of whooping cranes
have been reared successfully by
sandhill cranes.
Every and Many a =
singular
 Every man, woman, and child
participates in the fire drill.
 Many a child dreams about
being famous one day.

Rule # 12
Nouns that are plural in
the form but singular in
meaning agree with
singular verbs.
 Rickets is a type of disease.
 civics, politics, social studies
= singular
Rule # 12
 When ethics and politics,
for example, name
characteristics or qualities
rather than branches of
knowledge, their
Rule # 12
 Jacks politics were not our
concern.
 Nina’s ethics are adjusted
to fit any occasion.
Rule # 12
Words such as
eyeglasses, pliers,
scissors, and trousers,
generally take plural
verbs although they
name single items.
 The scissors are in the
Plural form subjects
 The news about her
death is spreading very fast.
 Mathematics is a very difficult
subject.
 Diabetes is not a curable
disease.

Rule # 13
 Singular indefinite
pronouns take singular
verbs.
 Plural indefinite
pronouns take plural
Rule # 13
 Almost everyone likes his
music.
 Everybody is expected to
be here on time.
Rule # 13
 Both of these shoes
squeak.
 Many in the class excel in
writing.
 Others overlook the
Indefinite pronouns
-Singular indefinite
-Plural indefinite
-Some indefinite may be singular or
plural
• Each does a good deal of work in the office.
• Both do a good deal of work in the office.
• Some of the sugar is on the floor.
(UNcountable)
• Some of the marbles are on the floor.
(countable)
jbgvalero
Rule # 14
 The pronouns all, any,
more, most, none, and
some usually take a
singular verb of the
antecedent is singular
Rule # 14
 Most of the pie was
eaten.
 Most of the hinges
have been oiled.
Rule # 15
A title is singular
and must have a
singular verb.
 Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is
a psychological thriller.
 The Brunner Sisters is a
Rule # 16
 A noun expressing
an amount or
measurement is
usually singular and
Rule # 16
Twenty-five cents starts
the dryer.
Four tablespoons of salt
has made the soup edible.

Half of the brochures were
mailed yesterday.
• Half of the
audience are asleep because
of his boring speech.
• A portion of his
wealth was donated to cancer
patients.
Rule # 17
Use a singular

personal pronoun
with two or more
singular antecedents
joined by or or nor.
 Either Craig or Todd will
Rule # 18
Use a plural personal

pronoun with two or

more antecedents
joined by and.
 Melissa
and I are
studying our lessons.
Exception
 Nat and Celia were reluctant
to bring her dog.
 Nat and Celia were reluctant
to bring their dog.

Exception
 Neither my brother nor my
father let me use his car.
 Neither my brother nor my
father let me use their car.

Rule # 19

pronoun if any part of a

compound antecedent
joined by or or nor is
plural.
 When
the boys or their sister
comes home, give them this
Rule # 20
 When dealing with
pronoun-antecedent
agreement, take care
not to shift either
person or gender.
Rule # 20
Mike is attending the State
University because he pays
less tuition there.
The horse threw its head
back and stood on its hind

legs.
Rule # 21
 When gender is not
specified, use the
masculine or rewrite
the sentence.
Rule # 21
 Any person can learn to ski if
he tries.
 Any person who tries can
learn to ski.
 People can learn to ski if
they try.
Rule # 22

pronoun when the

antecedent is a plural
indefinite pronoun.
 All the students left their
books in the library.
Rule # 23
 Use a singular
personal pronoun
when the antecedent
is a singular
Rule # 23
 Either of the bears will
perform for its trainer.
 One of the women was
reluctant to volunteer
more of her time.to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero
Rule # 24
A reflexive pronoun

must agree with an

antecedent that is
clearly stated.
 The hard work was done
by Leslie and me.
Verb before Subject
• A verb agrees with its subject even when the
verb comes before the subject.
• EXAMPLES:
• There are wild dogs in our neighborhood.
• In the distance was a billow of black smoke.
• Here is the newspaper.
• Where are the children’s coats?

jbgvalero
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
ABOUT VERBS
(verb tense, helping verbs, verbals)

VERB TENSE (12)
 tense is the time that a verb shows
 simple (3)
 perfect (3)
 progressive (3)
 perfect progressive (3)
VERB TENSE (12)
 simple present, past, future
 present perfect, past perfect, future
perfect
 present progressive, past progressive,
future progressive
 present perfect progressive, past perfect
progressive, future perfect progressive
TENSES EXAMPLES
present I work.
(expresses general truths; habitual/everyday
Tony works.
Verb Tense
activity; often used with adverbs of frequency)
past
(statement which was true in the past and no Ellen worked on her car.
longer, or not necessarily true at the moment of
speaking; action began and completed in the past)
future You will work on a new project next

(action happening after the act of speaking) week.
present perfect He has worked on his term paper for a

(action that began in the past and continues in the month.
present) They have worked out a compromise.
past perfect
(a past action that came before another past The nurse had worked two straight shifts.
action)
future perfect Next Monday, I will have worked here

(action expected to be completed in the future
before another
to GOD future action)
be the
exactly two years.
glory * prepared by: jbgvalero
TENSES EXAMPLES
I am working on my speech for the

present progressive debate.
(action is in progress at the moment of speaking)
You are working too hard.
past progressive He was working in the basement.

(action ongoing in the past when overtaken by The contestants were working on their
another past action) talent routines.
future progressive My son will be working in our store this

(predicted action) summer.
present perfect progressive

(indicate the duration of an activity that began in Sarah has been working late this week.
the past and continues to the present)
past perfect progressive Until recently, I had been working for

(action going on in the past for a specific time
period when overtaken by another past action) nights.
future perfect progressive My mother will have been working as a

(emphasizes the duration of an action before nurse for forty-five years by the time she
another future time or event)
retires.
TENSES EXAMPLE
Verb Tense
PRESENT
• expresses general
truths
• habitual/everyday I work.
activity Tony works.
• often used with
adverbs of
frequency
TENSES EXAMPLES
Verb Tense
PAST
• statement which was
true in the past and no
longer Ellen worked
• not necessarily true at on her car.
the moment of
speaking
• action began and
completed in the past
TENSES EXAMPLES
Verb Tense
You will
FUTURE work on a
• action happening new
after the act of
speaking project
next week.
TENSES EXAMPLES
Verb Tense
He has worked
PRESENT PERFECT on his term
• action that began in paper for a
the past and month.
continues in the They have
present worked out a
compromise.
TENSES EXAMPLES
Verb Tense
PAST PERFECT
• a past action that The nurse had
came before worked two
another past straight shifts.
action
TENSES EXAMPLES
Verb Tense
FUTURE PERFECT
Next Monday, I
• action expected to
be completed in the will have worked
future before here exactly two
another future years.
action
TENSES EXAMPLES
PRESENT I am working on
PROGRESSIVE my speech for
• action is in progress the debate.
at the moment of You are working
speaking too hard.
TENSES EXAMPLES
He was working in
PAST PROGRESSIVE the basement.
• action ongoing in the
The contestants
past when overtaken
by another past action were working on
their talent routines.
TENSES EXAMPLES
My son will be
FUTURE
working in our
PROGRESSIVE
store this
• predicted action
summer.
TENSES EXAMPLES
PRESENT PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE Sarah has
• indicate the duration of been working
an activity that began in
late this week.
the past and continues
to the present
TENSES EXAMPLES
PAST PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE Until recently, I
• action going on in the had been working
past for a specific time
for nights.
period when overtaken by
another past action
TENSES EXAMPLES
My mother will
FUTURE PERFECT
have been
PROGRESSIVE
• emphasizes the duration
working as a nurse
of an action before for forty-five years
another future time or by the time she
event
retires.
4 Types of Conditionals
1. possible events If + Present Simple – will + bare infinitive
1. If we hurry, we’ll catch the bus.
2. unlikely situations If + Past Simple – would
1. If I had a million dollars, I would probably
buy a yacht. If + Past Perfect – would + Perfect
3. event/s that did not happen
1. If David had been more careful, he
wouldn’t have fallen.
4. unreal conditions (mixture of 2 and 3)
1. If he were a fast runner, he would have
won the
to GOD race.
be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero
For GOD hath not given us
the spirit of fear, but of
power, and love, and a
sound mind. – II Tim 1:7

jbgvalero
God bless you.

jbgvalero

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to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

must have a plural

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

blue is suitable for

nor the brushes

candles are used

used on the porch.

used on the porch.

•Over the rainbow flies a bird.

•How are the employees enjoying the new

•A good gift is a gift card.

to GOD be the glory * prepared by:

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

being famous one day.

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

has made the soup edible.

pronoun with two or

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

to GOD be the glory * prepared by: jbgvalero

pronoun if any part of a

back and stood on its hind

pronoun when the

must agree with an

to GOD be the glory * prepared by:

(verb tense, helping verbs, verbals)

future You will work on a new project next

present perfect He has worked on his term paper for a

future perfect Next Monday, I will have worked here

I am working on my speech for the

past progressive He was working in the basement.

future progressive My son will be working in our store this

present perfect progressive

past perfect progressive Until recently, I had been working for

future perfect progressive My mother will have been working as a

to GOD be the glory * prepared by:

to GOD be the glory * prepared by:

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