2 M HEIGHT FROM EG

DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)

BW

W6 0.00
0

0.3
With Surcharge W4
Without Sloped back fill
Without BW

2 W5
0m Pa2 Sin(∞)
W1 5 5.00
Stem Earth Pa2
Pa2 Cos(∞)+Pa1

EGL
W7 W2

3 0.5
0.5 Toe W3 Heel
5.5

0 5

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
1) GIVEN DATA:

Height of wall above EGL= h1 2 m

Depth of foundation= hd 3 m

Height of RW including base h 5 m

Height of sloped earth above RW top hs 0.00 m

Total Height including base and sloped earth h' 5.00 m

Angle of shearing resistance Φ = 26 Degree

Coefficient of friction between soil & concrete =µ 0.4

Unit weight of soil ge = 18 Kn/m3

Allowable bearing capacity=qa= 369.7 Kn/m2

Surcharge pressure, Ws 20 Kn/m2

HEIGHT OF WATER TABLE 2.5 m

Unit weight of Concrete 25 Kn/m3

Unit weight of water 10 Kn/m3

Inclination of slioped surface(∞) 0 Degree

Earth pressure coefficient

Condition of Backfill slopping land

Ca= for sloped back filled eartth 0.39

Final Ca 0.390

Ca= for levelled back filled eartth 0.39

Cp = 1/Ca 2.561
Gross Bearing Capacity 423.700 Kn/m2

PRELIMINARY PROPORTIONS
THICKNESS OF FOOTING BASE SLAB = 0.08 x h' = 0.400 m
Assume thickness of base slab= 0.5 m
Assume wall thickness at wall base junction = 0.5 m
Assume stem thickness at top= 0.3 m
Length of toe 0 m

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
Length of Heel 5 m
Overall length of base L 5.5 m

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)

2)
Wind Force
Vb = 55 m/s
K1 = 1
K2 = 0.91
K3 = 1
Vz = 50.05 m/s
Pz = 1503.0015 N/m2
Height of BW, H = 0 m
Thk of BW, t = 0.23 m
Length of BW,b = 1 m
b/H = #DIV/0!
Cf = 1.2
Pz = 1803.6018 N/m2
1.8036018 KN/m2
Wind Force on boundary wall above retaing wall 0.000 KN/m
Moment due to wind load at base of RW 0.000 KN.m/m

Unit weight of brick wall 23 kN/m3

Ca, max= 0.5161 Dynamic Active seismic pressure coefficient

Ki = 0.3471 Static active seismic pressure coefficient
Cp, min = 3.3916 Cp = Passive seismic pressure coefficient
Kp = 4.3997 static passive pressure due to earthquake

Grade of concrete, M = 20 N/mm2

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
Grade of steel, Fe = 500 N/mm2
FOS = 1.5

3-A
Seismic Force
The calculation of the horizontal seismic coefficient is calculated as Ah = (Z/2) x (I/R) x (Sa/g)
Z= 0.24
I= 1.5
R= 5
T1 = Sec
T2 = Sec
Sa/g = 2.5
Ah = 0.140 Design horizontal seismic coefficient for DBE, Design Basic Earthquake
Av/αv = 0.093 Design vertical seismic coefficient for DBE, As per Cl. No. 23.2 of IS 1893 Part 3 2014
(2/3)*Ah
Angle of shearing resistance Φ = 26 Degree
α= 0.000 Degree angle with earth face of the wall makes with the vertical
Inclination of slioped surface(∞) or i = 0 Degree
λ = tan αh/(1+αv)
-1

λ1min = 7.296 Degree for DBE

λ2max = 8.776 Degree for DBE
λmax = 8.776 Degree for DBE Cp = Passive seismic pressure coefficient
Cos(Φ-λ-α) = 0.955 Cos(Φ+α-λ) = 0.955
Cos(λ) = 0.988 Sin(Φ+i-λ) = 0.296
Cos(α) = 1.000 Cos(δ-α+λ) = 0.898
δ= 17.333 Degree angle of friction between wall & earthfill Cp = 4.090
Cos(δ+α+λ) = 0.898 Cp = 3.392
Sin(Φ+δ) = 0.686 Cp, min = 3.392

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE) As per clause 22.1.2.2 of IS 1893 Part 4 2014, static passi
Sin(Φ-i-λ) = 0.296 obtained by putting
Cos(α-i) = 1.000 αh = 0
Cos(δ+α+λ) = 0.898 αv = 0
Ca = 0.516 λ= 0
Ca = 0.428 Cos(Φ+α-λ) = 0.899
Ca, max= 0.516 Dynamic Active seismic pressure coefficient Cos(λ) = 1
As per clause 22.1.1.2 of IS 1893 Part 4 2014, static active pressure due to earthquake is obtained by Cos(δ+α+λ) = 0.9545759449
αh = 0 Sin(Φ+i-λ) = 0.438
αv = 0 Cos(δ-α+λ) = 0.955
λ= 0 Kp = 4.400
Cos(Φ-λ-α) 0.8988
Cos(λ) = 1
Cos(δ+α+λ) 0.9546
Sin(Φ-i-λ) 0.4384
Cos(δ+α+λ) 0.9546
Ki = 0.347 Static active seismic pressure coefficient

3-B
Seismic Load on Surcharge

Ca, max= 0.516100341 Cp, min = 3.392

Cos(α) = 1
Cos(α-i) = 1
q= 20 Kn/m2
h= 5

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
P aq dyn = 51.61003415 Kn/m P pq dyn = 339.158173 Kn/m
Dynamic Active Pressure due to surcharge Dynamic Passive Pressure due to surcharge

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
4) STABILITY AGAINST OVERTURNING
Forces due to static active & dyanamic forces (per m length of wall)
4.A) Total Overturning Moment due to surcharge =
Static active force from surcharge, Pa1 = Ca x surcharge pressure x Height of RW including base (h)
Pa1 = 34.708 Kn/m Overturning Force At mid height = Ws*Ca*(h/2+hs)
Seismic Load on Surcharge
Dynamic Active Pressure due to surcharge
P aq dyn = 51.610 Kn/m Overturning Force
Dynamic force increment due to surcharge = 16.902 Kn/m Overturning Force

Total Overturning Moment due to surcharge = due to Static active force + Dynamic force increment
Total Overturning Moment due to surcharge = 142.546 Kn.m/m As per IS 1893 Part 3, Cl. No 22.1.3.1

4.B) Total Overturning Moment due to Back Filled Soil

Static active force due to back filled earth, Pa2 = Ca x density of soil x (Total Height including base and sloped earth = h')^2/2
Pa2 = 78.093899 Kn/m Overturning Force
Pa2 Cos(∞) 78.093899 Kn/m Overturning Force At mid height = Cos(y*Ca*(h/2+hs)^2/2)
Pa2 Sin(∞) 0 Kn/m Stabilising Force
Dynamic Active Force due to back filled soil = 116.122577 Kn/m Overturning Force
Dynamic force increment due to back fill = 38.0286781 Kn/m Overturning Force
Total Overturning Moment due to Back Filled Soil due to Static active force + Dynamic force increment
Total Overturning Moment due to Back Filled Soil 225.228 Kn.m/m

4.C) Total Overturning Moment due to Due to Wind

Moment due to wind load at base of RW 0.000 Kn.m/m

4.D) Total Overturning Moment due to Siesmic Force 18.550 Kn.m/m

4.E) Total Overturning Moment due to surcharge + back filled soil + wind + Seismic
Mo = 386.325 Kn.m/m

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
Line of action of resultant vetical forces w.r.t heel considering 1m length of wall

Seismic
Dist. Of Force Point of Stabilising Overturnin
Forces due to application
4.F) Type CG from self weight, Moment abt g Moment
(KN) Toe (m) of Pi (m) toe (Kn.m) (Kn.m)
Pi (KN)

Stem rectangular 33.75 0.15 4.725 2.75 5.0625 12.99375

W1
Stem triangular 11.25 0.3667 1.575 2 4.125 3.15
W2
Base Slab W3 68.75 2.75 9.625 0.25 189.0625 2.40625
Back fill Soil 8.1 0.3667 2.97
triangular W4
Back fill Soil 405 3 1215
rectangular W5

Sloped Back fill

Soil above RW 0 3.7666667 0
W6
Back fill on toe 0 0 0
side W7
Pa2 Sin(∞) 0 2.75 0
Wt of BW 0 0.115 0
Total W= 527.80514 15.925 1417.20829 18.55
Mr
Distance of W from Toe, Xr = Mr/W
Xr = 2.6850975 m
Stabilising Moment, Mr = 1417.20829 Kn.m/m
Total Overturning Moment, Mo = 386.325
4.G) FOS against Overturning = 0.9Mr/Mo 3.30159535 > 1.4 Safe

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
5) STABILITY AGAINST SLIDING
Resultant Vertical Reaction, R = W = 527.805145 Kn/m
Sliding Force Due to active pressure + surcharge pressure + Wind + Siesmic 183.658 Kn/m

34.708 16.902 78.093899 38.0286781 0.000 15.925

Resisting Force, F = µ * R 211.1221 Kn/m

FOS sliding = 1.0345874 < 1.4 Unsafe

Hence, a shear key may be provided to mobilise the balance force through passive resistance
Assume a shear key at a distance of 0 m from toe m from toe
Shear key, height = 0.5 m
Width = 0.4 m EGL
h1 = 3 m
where 300mm loose soil not considered
h2 = 3.500 m h2 h1 Base
shear key
Pp

0
So,
Passive Pressure, Pp = Cp * density of soil * (h2^2-h1^2)/2
Pp = 74.911315 Kn

FOS sliding = 1.4016845 > 1.4 Safe

6) SOIL PRESSURE AT FOOTING BASE 0.5 mm

Distance of R from Heel, Lr = (Mr - Mo)/R 0.00 mm 5.00

Lr = 1.953 m L/2 = 2.75
Eccentricity, e = Lr - L/2

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
e= 0.797 m distance between C/L of base & Lr
L/6 = 0.917 m 39.5 kn/m2
Positive Pressure Developed
qmax = R/L*(1+(6e/L))
qmax = 179.38549 Kn/m2 > 423.700 Safe
qmin = R/L*(1-(6e/L))
qmin = 12.543657 Kn/m2 +ve Pressure 179.39 179.39 164.22
kn/m2 kn/m2 kn/m2
7) DESIGN OF SLAB BOTTOM REINFORCEMENT :- DESIGN OF TOE SLAB
The net pressure acting upward are obtained by reducing the -50.72
uniformely distributed self weight of toe slab + wt of soil above toe slab kn/m2

So, self weight of toe slab + wt of soil above toe slab 39.5 kn/m2
139.89
139.89 kn/m2
kn/m2

The net upward pressure varies from 139.89 to 139.89 kn/m2 as shown in figure.
Assuming a clear cover of 50 mm
Diameter of bars 16 mm
Grade of concrete = M 20 -
Grade of steel = Fe 500 -
Applying a load factor of 1.5 -
Effective depth d = 0.442 m
Critical Shear Stress at d = #DIV/0! kn/m2
Factored critical shear force at d, Vu = #DIV/0! Kn
Factored designed moment at the face of stem, Mu = 0
Nominal Shear Stress, Tv = #DIV/0! N/mm2
R = Mu/bd^2 0
Pt = 0 % % age of steel, pt = ast/BD * 100

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
Pt from SP 16 table 2 = 0.245 Distribution Steel minimum 0.12%
take maximum Pt = 0.245 Using 10 φ bars, spacing required

Ast = 1082.9 mm2 Provide 10 φ bars @

Using 16 bars,spacing required= 186 mm

Hence provide 16 φ bars @ 180 c/c at the bottom of toe slab
The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 800 mm beyond the front face

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
8) DESIGN OF SLAB TOP REINFORCEMENT:- DESIGN OF HEEL SLAB

The net pressure acting upward are obtained by reducing the

uniformely distributed self weight of HEEL slab + wt of soil above heel slab + surcharge
HEEL slab 12.5 Kn/m2
wt of soil above heel slab 81 Kn/m2
Surcharge 20 Kn/m2
Total 113.5 Kn/m2
The net downward pressure varies from 100.956343 to -50.71805 kn/m2 as shown in figure.
Assuming a clear cover of 50 mm

Diameter of bars 20 mm

Grade of concrete = M 20 -

Grade of steel = Fe 500 -

Applying a load factor of 1.5 -

Effective depth d = 0.44 m

Critical Shear Stress at d = -37.371

Factored critical shear force at d, Vu = 252.257
Factored designed moment at the face of stem, Mu = 1414.429
Nominal Shear Stress, Tv = 0.573 N/mm2

R = Mu/bd^2 7.306 % age of steel, pt = ast/BD * 100

Pt = Err:502
Pt from SP 16 table 2 = 0.697
Distribution Steel minimum 0.12%
take maximum Pt = Err:502 Using 10

Ast = Err:502 mm2 Provide 10

Using 20 bars,spacing required= Err:502 mm

Hence provide 20 φ bars @ Err:502 c/c at the bottom of toe slab

The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 1000 mm beyond the front face

9.A.i) DESIGN OF VERTICAL STEM

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
Grade of concrete 20
Grade of steel 500
Height of stem above base, h = 4.5
Assuming a clear cover of 40 mm
Dia of bars 20 mm
Effective depth d at base = 0.45 m
Assuming a load factor of = 1.5

Mu = 292.852 % age of steel, pt = ast/BD * 100

1.446 N/mm2 [Moment due to wind at RW abo
R = Mu/bd = 2
(Wf * (BW height/2 + height of st
Pt 0.3661 % Pt from SP 16 table 2 = Moment due to surcharge force a
Ast = 2979 mm2 Pt = 0.662 %
Using 20 bars,spacing required= 105 mm Fnal Pt = 0.662 %
Hence provide 20 φ bars @ 100 c/c
The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 1000 mm

9.A.ii) CHECK FOR SHEAR AT BASE

Shear force at wall base junc = 57.0 kn/m Table 19 IS 456
Nominal shear stress τv = 0.127 Mpa M= 20
Allowable shear stress τc = 0.53184 Safe pt τc
0.5 0.48
0.75 0.56
0.6620 0.53184

9.B.i) DESIGN OF VERTICAL STEM FOR SPAN MOMENT :

Grade of concrete 20
Grade of steel 500
Height of stem above base, h = 4.5
Assuming a clear cover of 40 mm
Dia of bars 20 mm
Effective depth d at base = 227.778 mm
[((Total ht of RW with base/2)*width

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE) [((Total ht of RW with base/2)*width
Assuming a load factor of = 1.5

Mu = 57.654 kn-m/m
R = Mu/bd2 = 1.111 N/mm2
0.2744 % % age of steel, pt = ast/BD * 100 [Moment due to wind at RW abo
Pt
(Wf * (BW height/2 + height of st
Ast = 625.05 mm2 height/2/3) + Moment at mid ht
Using 20 bars,spacing required= 502 mm Pt from SP 16 table 2 =
Hence provide 20 φ bars @ 500 c/c Pt = 0.515 %
The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = 1000 mm Fnal Pt = 0.515 %

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)
9.B.ii) CHECK FOR SHEAR AT BASE
Shear force at wall base junc = 62.2 kn/m Table 19 IS 456
Nominal shear stress τv = 0.273 Mpa M= 20
Allowable shear stress τc = 0.4848 Safe pt τc
0.5 0.48
0.75 0.56
0.5150 0.4848

10) TEMPERATURE AND SHRINKAGE REINFORCEMENT

Horizontzl Bar/Distribution :
Ast = 480 mm2 Consider average of bottom & top stem thickness
Using 10 φ bars, spacing required 163.54 mm
Provide 10 φ bars @ 160.00 c/c up to stem curttailment height
Provide 10 φ bars @ 320.00 c/c above stem curttailment height

11) Stem bars in front face 12 dia @ 300 C/Cvertically near the front face

12) Curtailment of wall bars to earth retaining side

Curtailment of wall bars may be done at middle height of stem above the base
Curtailment height of stem above the base 2.25 m

Wall Thickness in
Base Size & Thickness in 'MM' Shear key in 'MM' Base Slab Reinforce
'MM'

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 2 M HEIGHT FROM EG
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL (CANTILEVER TYPE)

RW of Distance
Height RW Fdn Base Length, Distance of Shear Distance of Distance of Shear key Shear key Stem Thk Stem Thk at R1, Toe/Bottom
Depth, B = in 'MM' from toe, key from toe, L3 in Stem
Shear key Stem from from Thk of base, width,
above DK depth, T3 at Top, T1 bottom, T2
heel, L4 in D in 'MM' in 'MM' main Ref.
EGL, H1 H2 in 'M' heel, L2 in in 'MM' in 'MM' in 'MM'
L1 in 'MM' 'MM' 'MM'
in 'M' 'MM'

16 φ bars @ 180
2 3 5500 0 5500 0 5000 500 400 500 300 500 c/c

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

Table 19 IS 456
Tc (N/mm2)
Pt M15 M20 M25
0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36
0.5 0.46 0.48 0.49
0.75 0.54 0.56 0.57
1 0.6 0.62 0.64
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.7
1.5 0.68 0.72 0.74
1.75 0.71 0.75 0.78
2 0.71 0.79 0.82
2.25 0.71 0.81 0.85
2.5 0.71 0.82 0.88
2.75 0.71 0.82 0.9
3 0.71 0.82 0.92

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

36.97 t/m2 369.7 kn/m2

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL

e coefficient

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL
893 Part 4 2014, static passive pressure due to earthquake is

static passive pressure due to earthquake

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

19.5231 Kn/m

21.9634710163 Kn/m

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

mm
Moment due to resultant vertical reaction about heel
i.e clockwise balancing the moment due to
overturning and due to total vetical load about heel
i.e anticlockwise

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 Moment due to resultant vertical reaction about heel
i.e clockwise balancing the moment due to
M HEIGHT FROM EGL overturning and due to total vetical load about heel
i.e anticlockwise
113.5
kn/m2

12.54
kn/m2

100.96
kn/m2

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL
600 mm2
, spacing required 130.92 mm
130.00 c/c

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL

minimum 0.12% 600 mm2

φ bars, spacing required 130.92 mm
φ bars @ 130.00 c/c

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL

ment due to wind at RW about base of RW (Wf * Stem height) + Moment due to wind at BW about base of RW
(BW height/2 + height of stem) + Moment due to active earth force about base of RW ( force * Stem height/3) +
ent due to surcharge force about base of RW ( force * Stem height/2)] * 1.5

al ht of RW with base/2)*width of bottom stem)/(Total ht of RW with base-base thickness)]-clear cover-half dia of bar

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 M HEIGHT FROM EGL
al ht of RW with base/2)*width of bottom stem)/(Total ht of RW with base-base thickness)]-clear cover-half dia of bar

ment due to wind at RW about base of RW (Wf * Stem height/2) + Moment due to wind at BW about base of RW
(BW height/2 + height of stem) + Moment at mid ht due to active earth force about base of RW ( force * Stem
t/2/3) + Moment at mid ht due to surcharge force about base of RW ( force * Stem height/2/2)] * 1.5

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

Base Slab Reinforcement Wall Reinforcement

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M HEIGHT FROM EGL

R4, Stem R5, Stem R6, Stem R7, Stem R8, Stem Curtailme
Vinders ntWall
Ht in
R3, Toe and Heel Vertical Vertical Vinders
R2, Heel/Top Vertical
up to above up to above
main Ref. distribution Ref. curttailm Ref. at curtailment curttailm above
curtailme Base
face in
ent Ref. Ref. ent Ref. nt Ref. "MM"

10 φ 10 φ
10 φ bars @ 20 φ bars 12 dia @ 20 φ bars @ bars
Err:502 @ bars @ 2250
130 c/c @ 100 c/c 300 C/C 500 c/c 160 c/c 320 c/c

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