REVIEWER IN UCSP (FIRST MONTHLY)
CHAPTER 1 Lesson 1: Defining Culture,
Society and Politics
CULTURE – man’s way of life
SOCIETY - Group of interdependent people
sharing the same territory, language and
culture
POLITICS - Theory, art and practice of
Government.
Concepts of Culture
GENDER – socially-constructed
characteristics of being male and female
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS - Category of a
person who has more or less the same
privileges in a society
ETHNICITY – set of cultural ideas held by a
distinct ethnic group RELIGION - Organized
system of ideas about spiritual sphere.
EXCEPTIONALITY – being intellectually gifted
or physically challenged.
NATIONALITY – legal relationship that binds
a person and a country
Lesson 2: Cultural Behavior and Phenomena
NORMS - These are the standards of society
that serves as a model.
2 types : Norm of Decency and Norm of
Conventionality
CONFORMITY –state of having internalized
norms.
DEVIANCE - It is a form of power struggle.
Behaviours that are away from norms.
2 Types: Formal deviance and informal
deviance
TABOOS – also seen as deviance.
Lesson 3: Change
SOCIAL CHANGE - refers to variations and
modifications in the pattern of social
organizations.
Causes of Social Change INVENTION - refers
to new combination or new use of existing
knowledge. Types of invention: MATERIAL
(tangible) and SOCIAL (intangible)
DISCOVERY - takes place when people
reorganize existing elements
DIFFUSION - Spread of culture traits from one
group to another Processes of Diffusion:
ENCULTURATION - through learning; best
form is education
SOCIALIZATION - through constant exposure
ASSOCIATION- establishing connection
INTEGRATION- total assimilation
CULTURAL CHANGE - All alterations affecting
new traits and trait complexes
Causes of Cultural change: Physical
environment, population, war and conquest,
random events and technology
POLITICAL CHANGE - any change that occurs
in the realm of civil and political societies.
Lesson 4: Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
ANTHROPOLOGY - study of human beings
and their ancestors
Fields in Anthropology
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY – focuses on
human
BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY – or
archaeology; focuses on the past
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY – focuses on
how people think, feel and behave
LIGUISTICS – study of language
SOCIOLOGY - science of society and social
behavior
POLITICAL SCIENCE - body of knowledge
relating to the study of state and government
Divisions of power
CENTRAL POWER - divided into three
branches of Government:
Executive, Legislative and Judiciary
LOCAL POWER – centered on local
governments
CHAPTER 2
Lesson 1 : Society and Culture
HUMAN SOCIETY – territorially localized
population
THREE COMPONENTS OF CULTURE
according to JOHN HONIGMANN IDEAS –
thoughts, beliefs, feelings and rules
ACTIVITIES – dynamic component of culture
ARTIFACT – man made products of ideas and
activities
THREE CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
according to TAYLOR
 Culture is Learned
 Culture is Shared
 Culture is Symbolic
Lesson 2: Aspects of Culture
SEVEN ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive Shared and
Contested Learning Through socialization and
Enculturation Patterned Social Interaction
Integrated and at times Unstable Transmitted
through Socialization and Enculturation
Requires Language and other forms of
Communication
Lesson 3: Ethnocentrism and Cultural
Relativism
ETHNOCENTRISM - It is the view that one’s
group is superior compared to another group
COLLECTIVISM - It develops cultural pride
and identity and the most important
ingredients in nation building.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM – views that no
culture is superior to another
Lesson 4: Cultural Forms and Threats
CULTURAL DIVERSITY - It is the state of
having people who are different races and
have different culture in a group or
organization.
TANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGES - Cultural
form that includes all material objects such as
artifacts, buildings and any other Physical
substance.
INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGES -
Cultural form that includes knowledge,
beliefs, values, norms and rules for behaviour