Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Region

Lesson 1: Historical Background

Three Major Traditions
1. Ethnic Tradition – before the colonization, the Philippines already has its indigenous art
 Ethnic Art Forms – are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the
experiences of the Filipinos
 Dances – vary depending on the area where our ancestor thrive
 Highlands – dance steps were imitations of the movements of certain
animals like birds
 Choreography – near the sea were mimics of the movement of the
fishes
 Visual Arts – pottery, weaving, wood carving and metal crafting were dominant
during the pre-colonial period making use of the available materials surrounding
them
 Architecture – the early Filipinos used local materials such as anahaw, bamboo,
cogon, cane, rattan, and other light materials in constructing structure since these
were the materials accessible in their area
 Folk Literature- came from the forms of folk speeches, songs and narratives
 Theater Arts – tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical
performances depicting their beliefs
 Music – indigenous musical instruments like the bamboo flutes and brass gongs
2. Spanish Colonial – who tend to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art
forms
- Religion and secularization greatly influenced the art in the Philippines under
the Spanish regime
- The friars were the ones supervising the practice of arts in the country with their
agenda of propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of the colonizers
 Literature – the literary works could be classified into religion and secular prose
and poetry
 Theater Arts – secular and religious plays like the Komedya
 Choreography
a) religious dances - commonly performed to venetrate patrons and
proliferated
b) secular dances – performed in social functions like the valse, fandango,
polka and minuet
 Music – Spaniards introduced the piano and other Western instruments
 Bands and Orchestra multiplied as the zarzuelas and operas
 Visual Arts - Spaniards introduced painting and sculpture which mostly depicted
religious subject
 Architecture – stones, bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings
like churches, houses and government offices
- The exterior and the interior of the buildings were embellished with wood
carvings or metal works with intricate decorative designs
3. American Colonial – took over the country which led to the declaration of the
independence on June 12, 1898
- The American brought about many changes in the politics, economy, education
and culture of the Philippines
- In the area of education there are Filipinos who went abroad to study some
studied under the tutelage of America educators and some learned through
observation and personal experience
 Modern Arts – refers to the practice of art in 1860s-1960s
- Is defined in terms of a linear progression of styles, such as Impressionism,
Expressionism, Cubism and Abstract
 Contemporary – refers to current and very recent practice and attributed approximately to
the period from the 1970s to the present
- It also refers to works of art made by living artists
- Reflects a wide range of materials, media and technologies as well as
opportunities to consider what art is and how it is defined
Characteristics of Contemporary Arts
a) Site Specific – that allows an artworks meaning to have a direct relationship to specific
location where it is seen or experience
 b) Integrative – the artist is free to integrate any medium and any form or style in order to
express their artistic intention
c) Process Based – emphasizes on how the artist starts not with a final product in mid but
instead begins the development of a concept and then subsequently proceeds with
realizing the idea
d) Collaborative – an art wherein the end product is created with the involvement or more
artists
e) Abstract Expressionism – is a painting style in which the artist applies paint in a manner
that express emotion
f) Kinetic Art – is a sculpture that moves with the wid or is powered by a machine or
electricity
g) Op Art – uses lines or images repeatedly to create on optional illusion
h) Performance Art – combines a variety of media and the human body to exercise an
artistic Theatrical
i) Video Art – Art with concept of moving pictures
- Relies on video and/or audio data
- May not have actors dialogue, discemble plot or use conventions of film making
j) Feminist Art – emerged from the concerns of female artists expressed through art
k) Minimalism – had a stripped down, free fabricated look, free of details and often with flat
surface but express a specific content or statement
l) Video Art – consist of images
m) Graffiti Art – is a drawing, inscription or sketch
n) Postmodern Art – carries modern styles to extreme practices, often expressing an idea
through a mix of materials such as found objects welded together
o) Body Art – uses of the body
p) Photo Realism – artist makes artwork base off of photographs
- Replicas of the photograph and highly detailed
- Subjects are intentionally dull or of no special interest
q) Digital Art- is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the
creative or presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have been used to
describe the process, including computer art and multimedia art
r) Process Arts – process of creating the artwork not the finished products
- View art as a creative process

Exercise 1:
Direction: True or False
1. Ethnic Art Forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the
Filipinos.
2. Ethnic Tradition tends to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art forms.
3. Modern Arts refers to the practice of art in 1860s-1960s.
4. Feminist Art is a sculpture that moves with the wid or is powered by a machine or electricity.
5. During the American period, stones and bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings
like churches, houses and government offices.
6. Religion and secularization greatly influenced the art in the Philippines under the American
regime.
7. Valse, fandango, polka and minuet are examples of theatrical performances in the Spanish period.
8. Before the colonization, the Philippines already have its indigenous art. True or False
9. Contemporary Tradition introduced the piano and other Western instruments. True or False
10. Integrative the artist is free to integrate any medium and any form or style in order to express
their artistic intention.

Lesson 2: Contemporary Art Forms and Practices from the Regions

American Period – education introduced to the Philippines
 Filipinos who studied in abroad and influenced the art making in the country and went back
to introduced the concept of modern art in the country
1) Juan Arellano
2) Diosdado Lorenzo
3) Victorio Edades – introduced modern visual art through his art exhibition which
shocked many Filipino audiences due to his different style in painting
 - Instead of using usual bright and happy colors, he used dull and dark hues in his
works with the life of laborers, workers and lower sector of the society as his
subjects
After the triumvirate had introduced art modernism, thirteen artists called the thirteen moderns
1) Vicente Manansala
2) Cesar Legaspi
3) Anita Magsaysay-Ho
4) Hernando Ocampo
5) Carlos Francsico
During the American period, the subjects of artworks shifted from rural to urban themes.
o Proletarian art - which depicts the life afer the war, social issues and economic problems
o Two institutions that influenced the modernism
a) Art of the Philippins by Purita Kalaw-Ledesma
b) Philippine Art Gallery by Lydia Villanueva Arguilla
Paris Cubism – it is a kind of cubismshowing fragmented figures in larger planes, color
harmonies and texture
Three of the known Cubists – Vicente Manansala, Romeo Tabuena and Cesar Legaspi
Abstractionist- H.R. Ocampo, Constantino Bernardo, Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz, Arturo Luz and
Jose Jaya
In sculpture: Napoleon Abueva – became famous for his modern works
- He made useof different materials like the variety of woods, metals, and stones
- Other sculptures joined Abueva in his modernism and produced creative works
using plastics, jade, brass and other materials
Other sculptures – Ramon Orlina and Impy Pilapil explored the used of glass
Known to be Surrealist- Galo Ocampo and Juvenal Sans
Magic realism – refers to style in a painting showing minute details of the subjects and
highlighting their texture and color
- Example: Bigas by Nestor Leynes
Genre painting – showing the lives of townfolks, legends and traditions
Artists who used indigenous materials are Junyee, Roberto Villanueva and Roberto Fleo
Literature: Bagay – it is a kind of poetry which uses colloquial language and is built on concrete
images
- Poets Jose F. Lacaba, Rolando Tino, Bienvenido Lumbera, Antonio Samson and
Edmundo Martinez started the Bagay movement
- example of bagay poetry is the Valediction sa Hillcrest written by Rolando
Tinio
Amado V. Hernandez introduced another form of poetry “Ang Bayang Malaya” – it is a long
narrative piece about peasant leader
Poets like Edith Tiempo, Emmanuel Torres and Dominador Ilio were those among who
influenced by Western poets
- Their works revolved on subjects like the search for love and identify, oppresion
Known as English short story writers N.V.M. Gonzales, Nick Joaquin, Alejandro Roces,
Francisco Arcellana, Gregorio Brillantes, Bienvenido Santos, Edith Tiempo
 In the area of novels:The production of novels with socio-political themes whilethe English
poets and short story writer on the search for identity
Music – During the Early American Period The Music Of The Country Was Mostly Due To
Influence Of The European Until 1950s
- The Philippine Music At The Time Evolved Into Combination Of Classical,
Traditional And Ethnic
Philippine Music – Evolved And Pinoy Pop Or The Filipino Pop Music Took Place
Pinoy Pop – Covers Different Forms Like Jazz, Dance Hits, Folk Songs Revival, Rock And Roll
And Rap
Original Pilipino Music Or Opm – Is A Kind Of Music Purely Filipino And Is Composed Of
Songs By Filipino Composers And Singers
Alternative Music – Another Form Of Popular Music
- Example: Freddie Aguilar’s, Herbert Bartolome And Florante De Leon
Contemporary Period – Different Music Genre Like Pop, Rock, Opm, Indigenous Music, Jazz,
Rap Also Rock Bands And Pop Stars
Cultural Center Of The Philippines (Ccp) – Local Festivals
- Introduced The Bodabil Or Stage Show
- Not A Form Of Stage Play Since It Was Composed And Mainly Of
Songs, Dance And Skits
Contemporary Theater
1. Psychological Realism – Deals With The Problems Of Individual
 2. Social Realism – Deals With The Problems Of Individual Considering Their Society
Other Form Of Theatre Art
 Dula-Dula – Is A Short Drama Poem
- Mixed Of Musicals With Contemporary Themes, Dance Dramas,
Employing Ethnic Music And Choreography, Plays Mixing Realistic And Non-
Realistic Styles And Traditional Drama Forms
Dance
 Two Types Of Dances
1. Bodabil Dancing – Is A Kind Of Stage Showintroduced By The American
- Dances Like Back And Wing, Tap Dancing, Clog, Skirt Were Among Dances
Performed In The Show
2. Ballet Dance – The Huge Popularity Of Ballet Led To Birth Of Many Ballet
Dancers
Folk And Social Dances – Numerous Folkloric Dance There Were Dance Groups That
Developed Filipino Adaptions Of European And American Dances Like The Valse, Rigaudon,
Polka And Fandango
Fiestas And Festivals- People On The Regions Still Performs Traditional And Folk Dances Like
Sinulog, Maskara And Ati-Atihan
Architecture- Adopted The Modern Western Architectural Style While Taking Into
Consideration The Physical And Socio-Cultural Situation Of Country
Fiilpinos Who Studied In American Universities And Institutes
1. Juan Arellano
2. Carlos Barreto
3. Antonio Toledo
 These Three Filipinos Introduced Neo-Classic Style In Building Structure
 They Tend To Revive The Classical Architecture
 One Of The Structures Built During This Period Was The Metropolitan
Tsalet House – It Is A Type Of House On Stilts With A Front Porch Made Of Wood And
Concrete
Marcos Era – Constructions Of Highways, Convention Center, Hospitals, Hotels And Malls
- Regional Set-Up, Regional Houses, Churches, Public Market, Business Space,
Eco-Cultural Tourism Was Introduced
- Themed Parks And Resorts Was Developed In Tourist Spots Like Palawan
- Cultural Heritage Preservation, Heritage Towns Like Vigan, Intramuros And
Dapitan
Film – Started 1897 Through The Initiative Of Foreign Businessmen (Edward Gross And Harry
Brown)
- They Produced The Film About The Life Of Dr. Jose Rizal
Jose Nepomuceno – The First Filipino Who Produced A Films And Also Tagged The Father Of
Philippine Movies
Four Film Studios
1. Lvn
2. Sampaguita
3. Lebran
4. Premiere
Sex Films – Started To Enters The Movies Industry And Slaptick Comedies And Actions Movies
Marcos Era –New Directors Rose Who Started The So-Called New Cinema
1. Lino Brocka
2. Celso Ad
3. Ishmael Bernal
- The Movies Under New Cinema Revolved Around The Themes On Nationhood,
Love In A Hostile Setting And Social Issues

Exercise 1:
Direction: Identification/Enumeration
1-2. 2 Dances introduced by American
3-5. Name the three known cubist.
6. It a short drama poem.
7. It is a kind of cubism showing fragmented figures in larger planes, color harmonies and texture.
8. It deals with the Problems of Individual.
9. Introduced The Bodabil Or Stage Show.
10. He made use of different materials like the variety of woods, metals, and stones.
11-12. Name the two institutions that influenced the modernism.
 13. This is refers to style in a painting showing minute details of the subjects and highlighting their
texture and color.
14. It shows the lives of town folks, legends and traditions.
15. It is a kind of poetry which uses colloquial language and is built on concrete images.
16. It depicts the life after the war, social issues and economic problems
17-19. Name four Abstractionist Artists.
18. It uses lines or images repeatedly to create on optional illusion.
19. People On The Regions Still Performs Traditional And Folk Dances Like Sinulog, Maskara And
Ati-Atihan.
20-22. Name the three New Directors rose who started the so-called New Cinema.
23. It Is A Type Of House On Stilts With A Front Porch Made Of Wood And Concrete.
24. It emphasizes on how the artist starts not with a final product in mid but instead begins the
development of a concept and then subsequently proceeds with realizing the idea.
25. This is an artistic work or practice that uses digital technology as part of the creative or
presentation process.

Lesson 3: Philippine Artists And Their Contributions To Contemporary Arts

Music Artists
1. Antonino R. Buenaventura - Vigorously Pursued A Musical Career That Spanned Seven Decades
Of Unwavering Commitment To Advancing The Frontiers Of Philippine Music.
- He Composed Songs, Compositions, For Solo Instruments As Well As Symphonic And
Orchestral Works Based On The Folksongs Of Various Philippine Ethnic Groups.
- He Was Also A Conductor And Restored The Philippine Army Band To Its Former Prestige
As One Of The Finest Military Bands In The World Making It “The Only Band That Can
Sound Like A Symphony Orchestra”.
2. Jose Maceda – A Filipino Composer And Ethnomusicologist
- He Is Composer, Musicologist, Teacher And Performer, Explored Themusicality Of The
Filipino Deeply
- Embarked On A Life-Long Dedication To The Understanding And Popularization Of Filipino
Traditional Music
- His Major Works Include Ugma-Ugma, Pagsamba, Udlo-Udlot, Kubing And Agungan
3. Lucrecia R. Kasilag – Music Was Introduced To Her At An Early Age By Her Mother
- Was Known For Incorporating Indigenous Filipino Music With Western Influences
- She Is Not Only A Composer But Also A Teacher And Performing Artist
- She Was Named National Artist In Music
- She Has Over 250 Compositions And A Leader In Music Education
- She Is Considered The First Lady Of Philippine Music
4. Ernani J. Cuenco - Was A Filipino Composer, Film Scorer, Musical Director And Music Teacher
And Philippine National Artist For Music.
- He Wrote An Outstanding And Memorable Body Of Works That Resonate With The Filipino
Sense Of Musicality And Which Embody An Ingenious Voice That Raises The Aesthetic
Dimensions Of Contemporary Filipino Music.
- He Played With The Filipino Youth Symphony Orchestra And The Manila Symphony
Orchestra From 1960 To 1968, And The Manila Chamber Soloists From 1966 To 1970.
- He Completed A Music Degree In Piano And Cello From The University Of Santo Tomas
Where He Also Taught For Decades Until His Death In 1988.
- He Was Proclaimed National Artist For Music In 1999;
- He Was An Award-Winning Film Scorer In The Early 1960s, Working In Collaboration With
National Artist For Music Levi Celerio. He Was Also A Teacher And A Seasoned Orchestra
Player.
- His Songwriting Credits Include "Nahan, Kahit Na Magtiis," And "Diligin Mo Ng Hamog
Ang Uhaw Na Lupa," "Pilipinas," "Inang Bayan," "Isang Dalangin," "Kalesa," "Bato Sa
Buhangin" And "Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal."
5. Lucio San Pedro - Was A Great Filipino Composer, Conductor And Teacher.
- He Is Popular For His Contributions To The Field Of Philippine Music Such As The
Lullaby, Sa Ugoy Ng Duyana, Made With Another National Artist For Music, Levi Celerio,
And The Symphonic Poem A Lahing Kayumanggia.
- He Composed Many Different Types Of Music Including Symphonic, Band, Vocal, Choral,
Theater, Chamber And Movie, All Which Boasts Filipino Pride And Soul.
- His Popular Works Include Orchestral Music The Devil’s Bridge, A Malakas At Maganda
Overture, A Prelude And Fugue In D Minor And Hope And Ambition; Choral Music Easter
Cantata, A Sa Mahal Kong Bayan And Rizal’s Valedictory Poem; Vocal Music A Lulay, In
The Silence Of The Night; And Band Music Dance Of The Fairies, A Triumphal March And
Angononian March.
6. Antonio J.Molina - The Late National Artist In Music Antonio J. Molina, Known As The “Dean
Of Filipino Composers,” Was Born In Quiapo, Manila, On Dec. 26, 1894.
 - He Wrote Over 500 Musical Compositions, Including “Hatinggabi” And “Awit Ni Maria
Clara,” And Taught Some Of The Country’s Musical Icons Like Lucresia Kasilag And Felipe
De Leon.
7. Francisco Feliciano - He Is Considered One Of The Philippines’ Most Important Composers And
Was One Of Asia’s Leading Composers In Liturgical Music.
- His Lifetime Conscientiousness In Bringing Out The “Asianness” In His Music, Whether As
A Composer, Conductor, Or Educator, Contributed To Bringing The Awareness Of People
All Over The World To View The Asian Culture As A Rich Source Of Inspiration And A
Celebration Of Our Ethnicity, Particularly The Philippines.
- He Brought Out The Unique Sounds Of Our Indigenous Music In Compositions That Have
High Technical Demands Equal To The Compositions Of Masters In The Western World.
- By His Numerous Creative Outputs, He Has Elevated The Filipino Artistry Into One That Is
Highly Esteemed By The People All Over The World.
8. Levi Celerio - Is A Filipino Composer And Lyricist, Born On April 30, 1910 In Tondo, Manila,
Philippines.
- He Received A Free Education To The Academy Of Music In Manila And Became The
Youngest Affiliate Of The Manila Symphony Orchestra.
- He Was Awarded As National Artist Of The Philippines For Music In 1997.
- He Is Probably Best Recognized For Being A Leaf-Player, An Achievement Where He Was
Place Into The Guinness Book Of World Records.
- The Song Or Lyrics Of Levi's Christmas Songs Namely Pasko Na Naman, Ang Pasko Ay
Sumapit, And Misa De Gallo.

Dance Artists
1. Francisca Reyes Aquino – vigorously researched on the different folk dances of the Philippines
which made her the “Folk Dance Pioneer of the country”.
- Her researched entitled “Philippine Dances and Games” contains the country’s unrecorded
celebrations , folk dances, rituals and games
- She published many books regarding Philippine Dances like the Fundamental Dance Steps
and Music, Gymnastic for Girls, and Philippine National Dances
2. Ramon Obusan - promoted the Philippine Ethnic dances and performed them with respect and
authenticity
- He researched on the different Philippine ethnic groups throughout the country to perfectly
perform their dances
- Some of his full-length presentations are Kayaw ’68, Kayaw ’74, Vamos a Belen! Series,
Noon po sa amin and Kasaysayan ng Lahi
3. Alice Reyes – major and most significant contribution in the Philippine dance is the development
of unique Filipino modern dance idiom
- She creatively interweaved Philippine ethnic dance, modern dance and ballet producing a one
of a kind contemporary dance routine
- She popularized contemporary dance in the Philippines through her concerts, tours, outreach
works and lecture-demonstrations in schools
- Some of her major works are Amada, Tale of the Manuyu, Bayanihan Remembered
4. Leonor Orosa Goquingco – also known as the “Trailblazer”, Mothern of the Philippine Theater
Dance and Dean of Filipino Performing Arts Critics, significantly contributed to the progress of
the Philippine dance by developing distinct productions using balletic folkloric and Asian styles

Exercise 1: Think about a National Artist who you would like to work with on an art project on. Research
on about the life and works of the artist that you select. Discuss the following:
a. What does it take to be a National Artist?
b. What does qualities should he or she possess?

Theater Artists
1. Daisy Avellana – was the so-called First Lady of the Philippine Theater because of her
magnificent performances in classic Filipino and International theatre productions and plays
- Some of the productions she significantly became part of were Othello, Macbeth in Black,
Tatarin, Potrait of the Artist as Filipino, Diego Silang
- She also popularized the Philippine theatre and dramatic arts.
- They utilize the radio and television to make theatre and dramatic arts are known to the
Filipinos.
2. Rolando Tinio – was an outstanding stage director, poet, thespian, and playwright known for his
numerous remarkable productions and notable scripts.
- Some of his works include film scripts for Now and Forever, Gamitin Mo Ako and Milagros
- He is also a National Artist for Literature aside from Theater
3. Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero – being a theatre teacher and artist, has mentored and trained many
performing artists
 - He also introduced and popularized Philippine theatre to different parts of the country
- His major works include Wanted: A Chaperon, Condemned, Perhaps and In Unity
4. Honorata “Atang” dela Rama – started her theatrical career in an early age
- Hailed as the Queen of Kundiman
- She performed Kundiman and Filipino songs for indigenous communities all over the country
- The songs she popularized are Pakiusap, Ay Kalisud, Madaling Araw and Kung Iibig Ka
5. Salvador F. Bernal – was an exceptional theatre designer who design hundreds of theatre
productions
- He used local materials in producing creative and unique sets and costumes
- He was also a professor at the University of the Philippines Diliman and Ateneo De Manila
University
6. Severino Montano – Hailed as the Titan of the Philippine Theater
- He was a top-caliber, playwright, theatre artist and director
- He became the dean of the Philippine Normal College where he founded the Arena Theater in
1953

Visual Artists
1. Hernando Ocampo – is one of the Thirteen Moderns, who pavedthe way to art modernism in the
Philippines
- It was his abstract painting that significantly contributed to the Philippine modern art
- He developed a new style of abstraction through his use of fierce and striking colors
- His major artworks were Genesis, Calvary, Slum Dwellers and Nude with Cradle and Flower
2. Abdul Asia Imao – is a visual artist from Sulu, who articulated the Muslim culture and art in the
country
- He promoted and preserved the Philippine indigenous art through the use of ethnic themes
like the ukkil, sarimanok, and naga
- His artworks include murals like the Industry Brass Mural of the Philippine National Bank,
Industrial Mural of the Central Bank of the Philippine
3. Arturo Luz – is an abstractionist known for his minimalist paintings and sculptures
- He then enrolled at the University of Sto. Tomas and took up Fine Arts
- He also studied abroad, in US and Europe to improved his skills in art making
- His major painting pieces include Procession, Bagong Taaon, Vendedor de Flores and
Skipping Rope
4. Napoleon Abueva – is the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture, who made use of wide range of
materials in his works like different types of hardwood, stones and metals
- He was also the sculptor who started the trend in mixing different materials like metal and
stone in making sculptures
- Among his notable works are Nine Muses, Kaganapan and Stations of the Cross
5. Jeremias Elizalde Navarro – popularly known as J. Elizalde Navarro was a painter and a sculptor
- He created both abstract and figure paintings using oil and watercolour
- As a sculptor his popular work for his masks, carved in hardwood with combined features of
human and animal
- He was aslo known for his assemblages wherein he combined metals and found materials to
create stunning work of art
- Among his remarkable works are I’m Sorry Jesus I Can’t Attend the Mass, Grand Prix:
Homage to Dodgie Laurel and A Flying Contraption for Mr. Icarus
6. Victorio Edades – is the Father of Modern Philippine Painting
- He was one of the Triumvirate who introduced modernism in the Philippine Visual Art
- Depicted in his works were the hardships in the life of the laborers and the lower class in the
society
- The Sketch, Japanese Girl, Mother and Daughter and The Wrestler

Exercise 2: Create a drawing about any visual arts that represent an ideal artist (using pastel, watercolour,
etc)

Literature
1. Francisco Arcellana – is one of the proponents of modern Filipino shorts story which uses
English as its language.
- Due to his innovativeness in developing fiction, he was able to come up with
short stories using lyrical prose poetic approach.
2. Edith Tiempo – produced numerous remarkable poems and short stories
- Her poems are the harmony of intellect and emotions which resulted in fine
literary pieces.
- The “Little Marmoset” and “Bonsai” are the two of her notable poems.
3. Bienvenido Lumbera’s – most significant contribution in the field of literature is the introduction
of the Bagay poetry.
- He pioneered the writing of Bagay poetry
 - His major works include Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa, Apat na Dulang May
Musika, Pakikiramay and Sariling Bayan.
4. N.V.M. Gonzalez (Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez) – is a writer known for his effective use of
English language in expressing and shaping the culture and sensibility of the Filipino people and
the country
- He has published voluminous literary works including The Winds of April, Work
on the Mountain, The Bread of Salt and Other Stories
- He received numerous awards because of his notable skill in writing such as
Republic Cultural Heritage Award, Gawad CCP Para sa Sining
5. Virgilio Almario – is an exemplary poet who carries the pen name “ Rio Alma” was famously
known for his modern poetry filled with social consciousness
- He has published numerous poetry books containing the poet’s reflection of self
and society
6. Cirilio Bautista – is a literary genius who produced numerous works such as poems, fictions, and
essays
- Included his major works are Summer Suns, Galaw ng Asoge, Words and
Battlefield

Film and Broadcast Art

1. Lamberto V. Avellana – was so called “The Boy Wonder of the Philippine Cinema”
- He was the director who first utilized the motion picture camera which
influenced filmmaking techniques
- He won different awards in and out of the country for his remarkable productions
- his award winning films are Badjao, Anak Dalita, and Kalderong Pilak
2. Lino Brocka – was an award winning director who used “freedom of expression” in his works
- He was a social activist that gave hope to the marginalized sector of the society
through his productions
- Some of his films he produced include Wanted: Perfect Mother, Tubog sa Ginto,
Tinimbang ka Ngunit Kulang

Architecture
1. Pablo S. Antonio – was known for his simple architectural designs consisting of clean lines and
functional curves.
- He did not focus much on the aesthetics of his design but the strength of the
architecture
- Included in his significant works are Far Eastern University Administration and
Science buildings and theaters like the Lyric Theater, Ideal Theater and Galaxy
Theater
2. Leandro V. Locsin – was a remarkable architect who designed numerous structures including
residential and commercial buildings, churches, government offices, hotels
- His architectural designs were described as original and modern with a touch
Filipino culture and arts represented by the presence of traditional forms and
patterns in his works
3. Juan F. Nakpil – designs were their strength, function and aesthetics
- His works were reflections of the Philippine traditional and cultural heritage
- Some of his major works are the Avenue Theater and Hotel Building, Quezon
Institute Buildings

Fashion Design
1. Ramon Valera – was the fashion who innovated the Philippine Terno
- He was the one who transformed the components of the traditional baro’t saya
into a single clothing

Exercise 2:
Direction: Identification. Choose your answer from the box.
1. She published many books regarding Philippine Dances like the Fundamental Dance Steps and Music,
Gymnastic for Girls, and Philippine National Dances.
2. He Was Awarded As National Artist Of The Philippines For Music In 1997.
3. He Is Popular For His Contributions To The Field Of Philippine Music Such As The Lullaby, Sa Ugoy
Ng Duyana, Made With Another National Artist For Music.
4-5. Give me two major work of Jose Maceda?
6-8. What are the song writing credits of Ernani J. Cuenco?
9. Lucrecia R. Kasilag is considered as The First Lady Of Philippine _________________.
10. He Composed Songs, Compositions, For Solo Instruments As Well As Symphonic And Orchestral
Works Based On The Folksongs Of Various Philippine Ethnic Groups.
11-12. Antonio J. Molina wrote Over 500 Musical Compositions including _____________________ and
_________________________.
13. He Brought Out The Unique Sounds Of Our Indigenous Music In Compositions That Have High
Technical Demands Equal To The Compositions Of Masters In The Western World.
14. He researched on the different Philippine ethnic groups throughout the country to perfectly perform
their dances.
15. She is so-called First Lady of the Philippine Theater.
16. He was an outstanding stage director, poet, thespian, and playwright known for his numerous
remarkable productions and notable scripts.
17-18. Salvador F. Bernal is a professor at the _____________________ and ____________.
19. She performed Kundiman and Filipino songs for indigenous communities all over the country.
20-21. Give me two major works of Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero?
22. Hailed as the Titan of the Philippine Theater.
23. He Is Probably Best Recognized For Being A Leaf-Player, An Achievement Where He Was Place
Into The Guinness Book Of World Records.
24-25. Lucio San Pedro is Popular for His Contributions to the Field of Philippine Music Such As
_________ and ______________.

The Lullaby Sa Ugoy Ng Duyana Honorata “Atang” dela Rama A Chaperon

Lucio San Pedro Isang Dalangin Ugma-Ugma Antonino R. Buenaventura

Francisca Reyes Aquino Hatinggabi Francisco Feliciano Levi Celerio Condemned

Udlot-Udlot University of the Philippines Diliman Rolando Tinio

Music Daisy Avellana Ateneo De Manila University Inang Bayan

Kalesa
And Taught Some Of The Country’s Musical Icons Ramon Obusan Severino Montano