Beji Caid Essebsi - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi

Beji Caid Essebsi

Mohamed Beji Caid Essebsi (or es-Sebsi; Arabic: ‫ا‬
Beji Caid Essebsi
‫ا‬, romanized: Muhammad al-Bājī Qā’id as-Sibsī, pronunciation ; 29
November 1926[1] – 25 July 2019)[2] was a Tunisian politician who was
‫ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﺑﺎﺟﻲ ﻗﺎﺋد اﻟﺳﺑﺳﻲ‬
the President of Tunisia from 31 December 2014 until his death on 25
July 2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from
1981 to 1986 and as Prime Minister from February 2011 to December
2011.[3][4]

Essebsi's political career spanned six decades, culminating in his

leadership of Tunisia in its transition to democracy.[5] Essebsi was the
founder of the Nidaa Tounes political party, which won a plurality in
the 2014 parliamentary election. In December 2014, he won the first
regular presidential election following the Tunisian Revolution,
becoming Tunisia's first freely elected president.[6]

Contents
Early life
Political career 5th President of Tunisia
Interim Prime Minister in 2011
In office
2014 elections
President of Tunisia 31 December 2014 – 25 July 2019
Illness and death Prime Minister Mehdi Jomaa
Personal life Habib Essid
Honours and awards
Youssef Chahed
Tunisian national medals Preceded by Moncef Marzouki
Foreign honors
Succeeded by Mohamed
Awards
Ennaceur
Publications
(Interim)
References
18th Prime Minister of Tunisia
External links
In office
28 February 2011 – 24 December
2011
Early life
President Fouad Mebazaa
Born in 1926, in Sidi Bou Said to an elite family originally from (Acting)
Sardinia (Italy), he was a great-grandson of Ismail Caïd Essebsi, a Moncef Marzouki
Sardinian kidnapped by Barbary corsairs in Ottoman Tunisia along the
Preceded by Mohamed
coasts of the island at the beginning of the nineteenth century, who
Ghannouchi
then became a mamluk leader raised with the ruling family after
converting to Islam and was later recognized as a free man when he Succeeded by Hamadi Jebali
became an important member of the government.[7][8] President of Chamber of Deputies

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Political In office
14 March 1990 – 9 October 1991
career President Zine El Abidine
Essebsi's first involvement Ben Ali
in politics came in 1941, Preceded by Slaheddine Baly
when he joined the Neo
Succeeded by Habib Boularès
Promotion photograph at Sadiki Destour youth organization
Minister of Foreign Affairs
in Hammam-Lif.[9][10] He
College featuring Caid Essebsi In office
went to France in 1950 to
(second row, circled on the right). 15 April 1981 – 15 September 1986
study law in Paris.[11] He
began his career as a lawyer Prime Minister Mohammed Mzali
defending Neo-Destour Rachid Sfar
activists.[11][12] Essebsi later Preceded by Hassen Belkhodja
joined Tunisia's leader
Succeeded by Hédi Mabrouk
Habib Bourguiba, as
Personal details
supporter of the separatist
movement and later as his Born Mohamed Beji
adviser following the Caid Essebsi
country's independence 29 November 1926
from France in 1956.[12] Sidi Bou Said,
French Tunisia
Essebsi, a protégé of
Died 25 July 2019
Bourguiba, held various
(aged 92)
posts under Bourguiba[5]
Tunis, Tunisia
from 1957 to 1971, including
Resting place Jellaz Cemetery
chief of the regional
administration,[13] general Political party Neo
director of the Sûreté Destour/PSD/RCD
Beji Caid Essebsi with Secretary-
nationale,[11] Interior (1941–2005)
General of the United Nations, Dag
Hammarskjöld, in 1961 Minister from in 1965,[11] Independent
Minister-Delegate to the (2011–2012)
Prime Minister, Defense Nidaa Tounes
Minister in 1969,[11] and then Ambassador to Paris.[12] (2012–2019)
Spouse(s) Chadlia Saïda
From October 1971 to Farhat (m. 1958)
January 1972, he advocated
Children 4
greater democracy in
Tunisia and resigned his
Signature
function, then returned to
Tunis.[14]

Essebsi with Habib Bourguiba, In April 1981, he came back

(Carthage Palace, 1965) to the government under Mohamed Mzali as Minister of Foreign
Affairs, serving until September 1986.[8][9] In 1987, he switched
allegiance following Ben Ali's removal of Bourguiba from power. He
was appointed as Ambassador to Germany. From 1990 to 1991, he was the President of the Chamber of
Deputies.[9]

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Interim Prime Minister in 2011

Beji Caid Essebsi as Minister of
Defense in Tunis, 1969
On 27 February 2011, in the aftermath of the Tunisian Revolution,
Tunisian Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi resigned following a
day of clashes in Tunis with five protesters being killed. On the same
day, acting President Fouad Mebazaa appointed Caïd Essebsi as the
new Prime Minister, describing him as "a person with an impeccable
political and private life, known for his profound patriotism, his loyalty
and his self-sacrifice in serving his country." The mostly young
protesters however continued taking their discontent to the streets,
criticizing the unilateral appointment of Caïd Essebsi without further
consultation.[15]

On 5 May accusations of the former Interior Minister Farhat Rajhi that

a coup d'etat was being prepared against the possibility of the Islamist
Ennahda Party winning the Constituent Assembly election in October.
This, again, led to several days of fierce anti-Government protests and
clashes on the streets.[16] In the interview disseminated on Facebook,
Rajhi called Caïd Essebsi a "liar", whose government had been
manipulated by the old Ben Ali circles.[17] Caïd Essebsi strongly
rejected Rajhi's accusations as "dangerous and irresponsible lies,
[aimed at spreading] chaos in the country" and also dismissed him
from his post as director of the High Commission for Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms, which he had retained after being
dismissed from the office as Interior Minister already on 8 March.
Nevertheless, Ennahda's president Rached Ghannouchi further fueled
the suspicions, stating that "Tunisians doubt the credibility of the
Transitional Government."[16]

Essebsi in 2011 After the elections in October, Caïd Essebsi left office on 24 December
2011 when the new Interim President Moncef Marzouki appointed
Hamadi Jebali of the Islamist Ennahda, which had become the largest
parliamentary group.[18]

2014 elections
Following his departure from office, Caïd Essebsi founded the secular Nidaa Tounes party, which won a plurality of
the seats in the October 2014 parliamentary election.[19] He was also the party's candidate in the country's first free
presidential elections, in November 2014.[20]

On 22 December 2014, official election results showed that Essebsi had defeated incumbent President Moncef
Marzouki in the second round of voting, receiving 55.68% of the vote.[21] After the polls closed the previous day,
Essebsi said on local television that he dedicated his victory to "the martyrs of Tunisia".[22]

President of Tunisia
Essebsi was sworn in as President on 31 December 2014 at the age of 88. He vowed on that occasion to "be
president of all Tunisian men and women without exclusion" and stressed the importance of "consensus among all
parties and social movements".[23]

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On 3 August 2016, Essebsi appointed Youssef Chahed as a

prime minister as the parliament withdrew confidence
from Habib Essid's government.[24]

In 2017 he called for legal amendments to the inheritance

law to ensure equal rights for men and women, and he
called for Tunisian women to be able to marry non-
Muslims, which he believed is not in direct conflict with
Sharia or the Tunisian constitution.[25]

In 2018 he proposed a revision of Tunisian electoral law,

which he felt contained many shortcomings going against
Essebsi with U.S Secretary of State John Kerry
the principles of the revolution.[26]
(19 September 2016 in New York City).

On 13 August 2018, he promised also to submit a bill to

parliament soon which would aim to give women equal
inheritance rights with men, as debate over the topic of inheritance reverberated throughout the Muslim world.[27]

Concerning the economic crisis of Tunisia, he declared that the year 2018 would be difficult but that the hope of
economic revival was still possible.[28]

In April 2019, Essebsi announced he would not seek a second term in that year's presidential election, saying it was
time to "open the door to the youth."[29]

Illness and death

On 27 June 2019, Essebsi was hospitalized at a military hospital in Tunis due to a serious illness.[30] The following
day his condition stabilized.[31]

He was re-admitted to hospital on 24 July 2019, and died the following day, 25 July 2019 (which also coincided
with the 62nd anniversary of the abolishing of the Tunisian monarchy[32][33]), five months before his term was due
to end. The electoral commission subsequently announced that Essebsi's successor would be elected sooner than
the original date of 17 November,[2] due to the constitutional provision that in the event of the president's death, a
permanent successor must be in office within 90 days.[6] The president of the Assembly of Representatives of the
People, Mohamed Ennaceur, will serve as interim president in the meantime.[34] Ultimately, the election was
pushed up to 15 September.[35]

His state funeral took place on 28 July in Carthage in the presence of foreign leaders such as French President
Emmanuel Macron and Qatari Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de
Sousa, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Felipe VI of Spain.[36] A procession took place from the
Carthage Palace to Jellaz Cemetery where he was buried.

Personal life
Essebsi married Chadlia Saïda Farhat on 8 February 1958.[13] The couple had four children: two daughters, Amel
and Salwa, and two sons, Mohamed Hafedh and Khélil.[37]

Honours and awards

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Tunisian national medals

Grand Cordon of the Order of Independence[38]
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic[38]

Foreign honors
Algeria: Medal of Honor of the Republic of Algeria (3
January 2013)[39]
Bahrain: Collar of the Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al
Khalifa (27 January 2016)[40]
Jordan: Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the
Renaissance (20 October 2015)[41]
KSA: Collar of the Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud (29 March
2019)[42]
Italy: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of Order of Merit of
the Italian Republic (8 January 2017)[43]
Malta : Honorary Companions of Honour with Collar of
the National Order of Merit (5 February 2019)[44] Beji Caid Essebsi on the cover of the
Palestine: Collar of the State of Palestine (6 July magazine Tunivisions, January 2012.
2017)[45]
Sweden: Knight of Royal Order of the Seraphim (4
November 2015)[46]
Turkey: Collar of the Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (27 December 2017)[47]

Awards
Honorary Degree from Paris-Sorbonne University (2015)[48]
Founder’s Award of International Crisis Group (2015)[49]
Freedom of the City of Amman (2015)[50]
Medal of Arab tourism (2017)[51]
Tunisian Politician of the Year (2017)[52]
Leadership Award of Global Hope Coalition (2018)[53]

Publications
Bourguiba : le bon grain et l'ivraie, éd. Sud Éditions, Tunis, 2009, ISBN 978- 9973844996
La Tunisie : la démocratie en terre d'islam (with Arlette Chabot), éd. Plon, Paris, 2016

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External links
Media related to Béji Caïd Essebsi at Wikimedia Commons

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Beji Caid Essebsi - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi

Political offices

Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs Succeeded by

Hassen Belkhodja 1981–1986 Hédi Mabrouk

Preceded by President of the Chamber of Deputies Succeeded by

Slaheddine Baly 1990–1991 Habib Boularès

Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Tunisia
Hamadi Jebali
Mohamed Ghannouchi 2011
as Head of Government

Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Tunisia
Mohamed Ennaceur
Moncef Marzouki 2014–2019
Interim

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