Nes 5100

NES5100 Excitation
Regulator
User’s Guide
Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation
August 2008
Table of Contents
1. Overview......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Foreword................................................................................................................1
1.2 The Purpose of this User’s Guide..........................................................................2
1.3 How to Use this Guide...........................................................................................2
1.4 Safety Rules...........................................................................................................4
1.5 Emergency Management.......................................................................................5
1.5.1 Fire Management.........................................................................................6
1.5.2 First Aid for Electrical Injury.........................................................................6
1.6 Important Notice.....................................................................................................7
1.7 Address of Manufacturerb......................................................................................8
2. Hardware Configuration..................................................................................................8
2.1 Why you should read this Chapter.........................................................................8
2.2 Hardware Configuration of NES5100 Excitation Regulator...................................8
2.2.1 Block Diagram.............................................................................................8
2.2.2 Overview....................................................................................................11
2.2.3 Functions and Configuration of Hardware.................................................11
2.3 Safety Precaution.................................................................................................19
3．Man-Machine Communication.....................................................................................20
3.1 Why You should Read this Chapter.....................................................................20
3.2 Man-Machine Communication Tools....................................................................20
3.2.1 Overview of NES_HMI...............................................................................20
3.2.2 Installation and Operation of NES_HMI.....................................................21
3.2.3 Interface of NES_HMI................................................................................26
3.2.4 Module Functions and Use of NES_HMI Software...................................27
3.2.5 Overview of NESLOGIC Excitation Variable Logic Configuration Software
............................................................................................................................43
3.2.6 Installation and Operation of NESLOGIC..................................................43
3.2.7 User Interface of NESLOGIC....................................................................44
3.2.8 Module Functions and Use of NESLOGIC................................................46
3.2.9 Connections between Modules.................................................................60
3.2.10 Logical Storage........................................................................................62
3.2.11 Logical Reading.......................................................................................62
3.2.12 Check Logic Relations.............................................................................62
3.2.13 Logical Download....................................................................................63
4. Commissioning Procedure............................................................................................64
4.1 Overview..............................................................................................................64
4.2 Safety Conditions.................................................................................................65
4.2.1 Consequence which may result from failure to follow safety instruction...65
4.2.2 Requirements for Commissioning Engineer..............................................66
4.3 Emergency Management.....................................................................................66
4.3.1 Fire Management.......................................................................................66
4.3.2 First Aid for Electric Shock.........................................................................67
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4.4 Necessary Condition for Commissioning.............................................................67

4.5 Commissioning Steps..........................................................................................68
4.6 Applicable Standards and Specifications.............................................................69
4.7 Test Items.............................................................................................................69
5. Operation Procedure.....................................................................................................70
5.1 Overview..............................................................................................................70
5.2 Operating Mode of Synchronous Generators......................................................70
5.2.1 Generators operating under no load condition..........................................70
5.2.2 Generators operate under a loaded condition in parallel with a grid.........71
5.2.3 Functions of Excitation Regulator in Operation.........................................73
5.3 Operation and Display.........................................................................................76
5.3.1 Overview....................................................................................................76
5.3.2 Start-up Procedure....................................................................................77
5.3.3 Check the Status of Excitation Regulator before starting it.......................78
5.3.4 Start Excitation System..............................................................................79
5.3.5 Tracking and Switch between Channels....................................................80
5.3.6 Increase/reduce excitation.........................................................................82
5.3.7 Connect/Disconnect Power System Stabilizer..........................................83
5.3.8 Analog Display...........................................................................................83
5.3.9 Status and Alarm Information....................................................................83
5.3.10 Inspection During Operation....................................................................84
5.3.11 Procedure for stopping Excitation System...............................................84
5.3.12 Inversion Field Suppression....................................................................85
5.3.13 Cut off excitation system due to failure (trips).........................................85
5.3.14 Emergency Shutdown..............................................................................86
6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting................................................................................86
6.1 Overview..............................................................................................................86
6.1.1 Why you should read this Chapter............................................................86
6.1.2 Safety Instruction.......................................................................................86
6.1.3 Requirements for Maintenance and Repair Engineers.............................87
6.1.4 Hot Line.....................................................................................................87
6.2 Maintenance........................................................................................................88
6.2.1 Introduction................................................................................................88
6.2.2 Working Condition during Operation.........................................................89
6.2.3 Maintenance Plan......................................................................................89
6.3 How to Find Failure..............................................................................................91
6.4 Summary of Failure Signals.................................................................................91
6.5 Troubleshooting...................................................................................................93
6.5.1 Principles for Troubleshooting...................................................................93
6.5.2 Guideline for Replacement of Boards........................................................94
6.5.3 Troubleshooting.........................................................................................95
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1. Overview
1.1 Foreword
This Guide describes NES5100 excitation regulator.

This Guide consists of eight chapters and describes problems including
installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of the excitation regulator. The chapters
are described as follows:
1. Overview: installation engineer, commissioning engineer, operators and repair
and maintenance engineer must read Overview section of this Guide.
2. Configuration and setting: Commissioning engineer, repair and maintenance
engineer must read Configuration and Setting section.
3. Installation instruction: Installation engineer and repair engineer must read
Installation Instruction section.
4. Man-machine communication: Commissioning engineer, operator, repair and
maintenance engineer must read Man-Machine Communication section.
5. Commissioning procedure: Commissioning engineer, repair and maintenance
engineer must read Commission Procedure section.
6. Operating procedure: Operator must read operating procedure section.
7. Maintenance and troubleshooting: Operator, repair and maintenance engineer
must read Maintenance and Troubleshooting section.
8. Annex and drawings: Installation engineer, commissioning engineer, operator,
repair and maintenance engineer must read Annex and Drawings section.
The abovementioned documents constitute a collection of documents. This
Guide is intended to help users with correct installation, trail run, operation and
maintenance (including troubleshooting).
This Guide is available to users who have acquired adequate professional
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knowledge of mechanical and electrical engineering.

Operators who carry out initial trial run and troubleshooting must be equipped
with professional technical knowledge, and refer to professional system hardware
drawings, and produce test and commissioning report.
Excitation regulator must be tested according to recognized test standard.
This Guide can help operator to discover failures.
Please replace failed modules (both board and power components) with spare
parts. Experts are usually required to carefully check system failure. Most of
important, the abovementioned documents must be kept complete and up-to-date in
order to ensure that all system information remain accurate and valid. Furthermore,
this Guide must be kept in a safe place.
1.2 The Purpose of this User’s Guide
Why you should read this Guide
Before putting Excitation System into operation, you should read this Guide because:
◆Important notice related to operation and safety is available to you.
◆ You will find detailed technical information about excitation system and ways to
correctly complete operation.
◆ You will find ways to achieve stable operation and a prolonged service life of
system
1.3 How to Use this Guide
◆ Target user
This guide is targeted at operators and maintenance engineers of NES5100 excitation
regulator. Those who are responsible for operating and maintaining excitation
regulator should be well experienced in mechanical and electrical engineering. They
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should attend excitation system-related training offered by Electrical Control Branch,

NARI Group. We suggest that repair engineer should regularly attend our training
course.
◆ Scope of this Guide
This Guide includes all information related to safety and correct operation of
NES5100 excitation regulator. Section 2 includes important information related to
operation and maintenance of excitation system.
This Guide consists of eight sections. This Guide will be supplied along with the
excitation regulator.
◆ Notice
Important notice always appears at the beginning of every paragraph or every
line in the paragraph
◆ Signs
Caution, danger! This caution sign indicates a possible source of

hazards that could cause serious personal injury or damage to the
equipment.
Caution: electric shock This caution sign indicates a possible

source of electrical hazards that could cause personal injury or
damage to the equipment.
Note This sign indicates all particularly important information.
Electrostatic charge This sign indicates that electrostatic charge may cause
damage to circuitry; do not touch electrical components
Caution, Hanging This caution sign indicates that hanging objects may
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cause serious personal injury.
1.4 Safety Rules
Article 1 These Rules are established to ensure safety and health of staff and safe
operation of electrical system and equipment by summarizing and analyzing
experience in installation, operation, maintenance and repair of excitation equipment.
Leaders and electric engineers must strictly comply with these Rules.
Article 2 Safety is everybody’s business.
Article 3 These Rules apply to those who install, run, operate, repair and maintain the
excitation regulator. Various departments may establish complementary rules and
implement these rules upon the approval of executive in charge of production (chief
engineer).
Article 4 Electrical engineers must meet the following requirements:
◆ Without any disease that may impact their ability to work;
◆ With necessary electric knowledge, and be familiar with Working Regulation on
Power Safety and these Rules, dependent on their duties and nature of work;
◆ To have an intimate knowledge of how to prevent accidents; receive training on
first-aid and fire extinguishing system, and particularly first aid for electric shock.
Article 5 Those who install, run, operate, repair and maintain this excitation regulator
must study these Rules.
Those who perform electricity-related tasks should receive special training and work
upon the approval of the leaders.
New electrical engineers and practitioners and staff who temporarily (leader and
casual laborer) perform electricity-related tasks are not allowed to work until they
receive training on safety; they are not allowed to work independently; introduce
wiring of electrical equipment and safety to electricians who are sent to support a
temporary work program.
Article 6 If somebody has been found in breach of these Rules in a manner that is
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serious enough to cause personal injury or damage to equipment, immediately prevent

him/her from doing so.
Article 7 Whenever service or work is performed on the equipment, please strictly
follow the safety rules.
Article 8 Whenever service or work is performed on the equipment, please follow the
lock-out/Tag-out procedure. Make sure that each of the following steps are taken.
◆ Disconnect power before servicing the equipment;
◆ Check to confirm that the equipment has no power by testing for voltage;
◆ Place a warning tag;
Article 9 Disconnect all electrical power to the equipment.

Article 10 Please test voltage with qualified electroscope; respectively test voltage on
both sides of the equipment. Before testing voltage, conduct a test in the equipment to
confirm that electroscope is in good working condition.
Article 11 Place a warning tag that reads, “UNDER REPAIR, DO NOT USE” on the
power source and on the equipment;
Article 12 A supervisor of electrical works should have practical experience in
electrical work.
Article 13 Keep test equipment away from equipment in operation; collision with
equipment could cause malfunction. Prevent the equipment from being vibrated or
collided when cleaning or operating it. Use insulated tools.
Article 14 In case of a fire where electrical equipment is present, immediately shut off
the electrical current and join the fight against fire.
1.5 Emergency Management
There is a danger of electric shock or short circuit when performing electrical

measurements in a high-voltage signal terminal of NES5100 excitation regulator.
Short circuit could cause malfunction of equipment and jeopardize the safety of
motors and electrical network. Maintenance engineer must perform electrical
measurements with caution. Never take a risk!
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Such negligence could result in:
Serious personal injury or equipment damage.
1.5.1 Fire Management
All workers must know the location of fire extinguishers and

emergency exits and how to use a fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishers are
divided into the following categories: halogenated agent fire extinguisher,
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and foam fire extinguisher.
◆ Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a fire where
electrical equipment is present; Do not point carbon dioxide fire extinguisher at
anyone catching fire.
◆ Foam fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a fire where electrical
equipment is absent. Foam fire extinguisher should not be used to extinguish a fire
where electrical equipment is present. You may point foam fire extinguisher at anyone
catching fire.
In case of a fire:
Disconnect all electrical power to excitation regulator by means of local or
remote control, and actuate emergency shutdown process (see Chapter 7: Operation
and Control for details), and shut off all equipment. Fires in current-carrying cabinet
can only be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Never use water or
foam to extinguish a fire where electrical equipment is present!
1.5.2 First Aid for Electrical Injury
To give first Aid for electric shock, you must seize every minute and
second. At first, get the victim away from the source of the current as soon
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as possible. The longer the current flows through the body, the more
serious the injury. Be extremely careful that you don’t become the next
casualty.
Do not touch the victim with your bare hands until you are sure that there is no
further danger to you or victim and the victim is no longer in contact with the
electrical source. As soon as the current is turned off, make sure that emergency lamp
is ready. New lamp must meet the requirements of fire and explosion prevention.
Make sure that current is immediately shut off, and first aid is immediately given.
If the victim is conscious, keep the person lying down and check for breathing
and pulse. Do not more the victim from his or her original position. If the victim is
unconscious, lay him or her down and keep his or her airway open. Spend 5 seconds
calling the victim or tap lightly on the shoulder in order to determine whether the
victim loses consciousness or not. Do not attempt to call the victim by shaking the
victim’s head. Administer proper first aid as needed. Summon help by calling
Emergency Medical Service.
1.6 Important Notice
According to our experience, following suggestions and instructions of this

Guide will greatly improve the reliability of our excitation regulator.
All information available on this Guide introduces our product and should not be
considered to have shown actual characteristics of our products. In order to meet
user’s requirements, we will continue to make every effort to keep us updated with
the latest technology trends. Therefore, there may be discrepancy between documents.
Although this Guide has been carefully examined, there are always glitches. Please
notify us immediately after you discover any mistakes in this Guide so that we can
make modification as soon as possible. It is impossible for this Guide to take into
consideration all possible problems with the use and installation of the equipment.
Therefore, please contact us immediately after you discover any problems that this
Guide fails to mention.
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Follow this Guide and local safety rules to install, connect and commission the
equipment.
Such work as welding, moving jumper or resistance modification must be done
by trained professionals.
We hereby expressly declare that we will assume no responsibility or liability for
any damage caused by improper operation or installation even if this Guide fails to
specify this. We hereby point out that you must use original spare parts.
We reserve all rights for this Guide, including patent rights and other industrial
property rights. You must not use or copy this Guide to the third party.
1.7 Address of Manufacturerb
Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation

Address: 8 Nari Road, Nanjing
Post code: 210003
Tel: +86（0）25 58646173 Fax: +86（0）25 58646172
2. Hardware Configuration
2.1 Why you should read this Chapter
You will know about information related to main technical requirements of

NES5100 excitation regulator. In addition, this Chapter describes configuration and
settings of all equipment inside NES5100 excitation regulator.
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2.2 Hardware Configuration of NES5100 Excitation
Regulator
2.2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 2-1: Sketch Map of Card Connector of one NES5100 excitation regulator
Figure 2-1: Sketch Map of Card Connector of one NES5100 excitation regulator
See Table 2-1 for name of boards:

Board No. Board name
EX01 Pulse power board
EX02 System power board
EX03 CPU board
EX04 Analog board
EX05 Synchronizing voltage board
EX06 Digital board
EX07 Extended binary board
EX08 Pulse amplification board
Table 2-1: Name of single board
See Figure 2-2 for block diagram of hardware of NES5100 excitation regulator.
A channel is usually equipped with a set of transformers; the other set of transformers
are not shown in Figure 2-2.
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Figure 2-2: Controller of automatic twin-channel and independent manual channel
See Figure 2-3 for Block Diagram of Local Area Structure of NES5100 Excitation
Regulator.
图 2-3 NES5100 调节器局域结构方框图
Figure 2-3: Block Diagram of local area structure of NES5100 Excitation Regulator
A 套：Regulator A B 套：Regulator B
双 CAN: Dual-channel CAN communication
交换机：Exchanger 工控机：Process control computer 远方监控：Remote monitoring
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2.2.2 Overview
The normal modes supplied for controlling excitation are automatic voltage
regulation (AVR) and field current regulation (FCR).
Automatic voltage regulation is abbreviated as AVR mode; field current
regulation is abbreviated as FCR mode. After field flashing of generator, two
regulation modes will track each other. Standby regulation mode tracks operating
mode. The basis for tracking is that two regulation modes have equivalent output and
this kind of tracking relationship can not be cancelled manually.
Two operating mode can be switched manually. Under certain circumstance such
as PT failure, two operating mode can be changed over automatically.
NES5100 is equipped with an independent manual channel. Both hardware
channel and configuration of software functions are independent. In case of automatic
channel failure or manual switch, regulator can operate under manual channel.
One channel is in on-line operation and the other is in hot standby. Both are
monitoring their functions without disturbing the operation.
2.2.3 Functions and Configuration of Hardware
2.2.3.1 EX01 Pulse power board
EX01 pulse power board is used to supply +24v power output by pulse. See
Figure 2-1 for block diagram and view.
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Figure 2-1: Block Diagram and View of EX01 Pulse Power Board
In order to ensure reliability of excitation system, EX01 pulse power board is

manufactured by professional manufacturer according to military standard. In
addition, we take into consideration prevention of electromagnetic interference,
prevention of dust and heat radiation. It has passed strict EMC test and high-
temperature test.
2.2.3.2 EX02 System Power Board
EX02 system power board: EX02 system power board has double power source:
AC220V, DC220V (or DC110V) input, +5V and 24V output for digital board;
See Figure 2-2 for Block Diagram and View.
In order to ensure reliability of excitation system, EX01 pulse power board is

manufactured by professional manufacturer according to military standard. In
addition, we take into consideration prevention of electromagnetic interference,
prevention of dust and heat radiation. It has passed strict EMC test and high-
temperature test
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Figure 2-2: Block Diagram of View of EX02 Pulse Power Board
2.2.3.4 EX03 CPU Board
◆ Basic features
EX03 CPU board is the central control board, with the following functions:
● Convert analog signal into digital signal, and sample analog signal;
● Compute and produce small pulse according to the results of A/D sampling
and input signal logics;
● Send output signal to digital signal;
● Measure frequency and detect pulse read-back;
● Realize switch between regulator A and regulator B, and switch from
manual mode to automatic mode;
● Communication function;
Please see Figure 2-3 for block diagram and view:
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Figure 2-3: Block Diagram and View of EX03 CPU Board
◆ A/D converter
Convert analog signal regulated by EX04 analog board and EX05 synchronizing
voltage board into digital signal. Automatic channel uses 16-bit bi-polar multi-channel
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) manufactured by AD Corporation. This analog-to-
digital converter features low power consumption (160mW), which is 60% down as
compared with bi-polar analog-to-digital converter of its kind. The AD7656 analog-
to-digital converter contains a low-noise wideband track and hold amplifier so as to
process signal with input frequency being as high as 8Mhz. The AD7656 analog-to-
digital converter has high-speed parallel interface and serial interface, allowing
connection between the analog-to-digital converter and microprocessor or digital
signal processor.
Working in collaboration with MAX309 multiway switch manufactured by
Maxim Corporation, this analog-to-digital converter realizes synchronizing sampling
of one-way three-phase voltage and three-phase current, which ensures accurate
measurement of reactive power.
Manual channel is equipped with 12-bit analog-to-digital converter which
samples field current.
◆ Control chip
Automatic channel uses control core comprising 32-bit ARM chip and large-
scale programmable control chip (FPGA). To control and compute according to A/D
sampling results and input signal logics, and send control pulse and output digital
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signal, measure frequency and detect pulse read-back.

32-bit ARM chip has a powerful communication function and support
communication protocol including Ethernet 10/100M Base-T and USB2.0.
Automatic channel uses 16-bit DSP as control chip to complete analog signal
sampling and produce pulse.
◆ Pulse switch
When NES5100 excitation regulator operates normally, automatic channel and
manual channel will send control pulse according to computation, and then judge
whether the control pulse is from automatic channel or manual channel, and then send
the control pulse to pulse amplification board. Please see Figure 2-4 for block diagram
of pulse change-over.
图 2-4 脉冲切换框图
Figure 2-4: Block Diagram of Pulse Switch
自动通道脉冲：Pulse from automatic channel 脉冲输出：Pulse output
手动通道脉冲：Pulse from manual channel 多路开关：Multiway switch
脉冲切换逻辑：Pulse change-over logic
◆ CAN communication hardware design

Dual-channel CAN communication is applied to communication between
excitation regulator A and excitation regulator B. CAN controller uses independent
CAN controller SJA1000 chip manufactured by Philips. SJA1000 chip is a bus
interface. Compared with ARM controller, Storage unit inside SJA100 chip is a data
storage device outside the chip. Therefore, operator can access register of SJA1000
chip in the form of data storage device outside extension chip. ARM controller uses
GAL address decoder to select the correct location on SJA1000 chip and uses address
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bus to accomplish the selection, and locates registers of CAN controller. By reading
and writing external memory, operator can have an access to SJA1000 chip. P82C250
transceiver manufactured by Philips is used as CAN transceiver. PCA82C250
transceiver is the interface between CAN protocol controller and physical bus.
PCA82C250 transceiver makes bus a differential transmitter and CAN controller a
differential receiver. PCA82C250 transceiver makes it possible to control both CAN
networks and reach transmission speed as high as 1Mb/s.
◆ Ethernet hardware design
◆ Function setting
If you uncover the front cover board of EX03 board, you can see a DB serial
interface and four dial switch. Serial interface can be used to download program and
parameters. Functions of dial switch are described as follows:
● Internal/external start
● Automatic/manual
● Selection of serial interface
● Operation/commissioning
2.2.3.5 EX04 Analog Board
EX04 analog board can perform signal conditioning; EX04 analog board can
condition the following signals: terminal voltage, system voltage, synchronizing
voltage, stator current, rotor current, etc. Conditioning is to isolate and convert high-
peak voltage (100V) and high-peak current (5A) signal into ±10V voltage signal and
transmit the signal to CPU board; EX04 analog board also includes 4-channel 12-bit
D/A output;
Figure 2-5 shows Schematic Circuit Diagram of one-channel voltage signal;
UF1A-IN is 100V voltage signal which is converted into ±10V voltage signal after
circuit conditioning.
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1 2 3 4
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D
-12V
-12V
4
A
4
2 Ufa
UF1A-IN 1 SPT1 3 2 A 1 XUFA
1 3
3
S1 2 4
8
12V
8
12V
Figure 2-5: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Voltage Signal Conditioning
C Figure 2-6 shows Schematic Circuit Diagram of Current Signal Conditioning;

IFA-IN is signal of high-peak current (maximum value: 5A); after circuit
conditioning, the current signal is converted into ±10V voltage signal.
-12V
4
B IFA-IN SCT4 2
1 XIFA
3
U1A
8
12V
Figure 2-6: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Current Signal Conditioning
EX5100 excitation regulator also measures no-load electromotive force E; See

A Figure 2-7 for schematic circuit diagram.
2.2.3.6 EX05 Synchronizing Voltage Board

1 2 3 4
EX05 Synchronizing Voltage Board: The main function of EX05 synchronizing

voltage board is to convert synchronizing voltage (high voltage: 100V) signal and
transmit it to CPU board. For different synchronizing frequency, select different
parameters of jumper and resistance capacity components;
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2.2.3.7 EX06/EX07 Digital Board
There are 20-channel digital input through optical coupler isolation and 16-
channel digital output in EX06/07 digital board. Binary; after optical coupler
1 isolation, 16-channel binary

2 output through relay contacts; binary
3 board has powerful 4
display function; status of every digital can be indicated by lamp on the panel.
Therefore, you can observe status of digital board.
EX07 digital extension board has the same hardware and functions as EX06
binary board.
B
I1-IN 3 14 I1-in
24VI
4 13
GNDI
Figure 2-: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Digital Input
2.2.3.8 EX08 Pulse Amplification Board
The main function of pulse amplification board is to amplify and output small
pulse formed in CPU board by sending small pulse to 6 CMOS thyristor through
photoelectric isolation and level conversion. Pulse change-over relay primarily
controls whether to output pulse. Normally closed contacts can ensure that pulse can
still be output when operating power source is disconnected The other function of
pulse amplification board is to sample pulse and return it to CPU board to check to
see if pulse has been lost. Pulse amplification board also has functions of power
source test and failure detection. Function of power source test can test +5V, ±12V
and 24V power source; if power down or power failure is detected, immediately
remove the failure and switch two equipment so as to ensure reliability of the system.
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Figure2-: Schematic Block Diagram and View of Pulse Amplification Board
图 2- 脉冲放大板的原理框图和视图
Figure 2-: Schematic Block Diagram and View of Pulse Amplification Board
小脉冲信号: Small pulse signal 脉冲放大: Pulse amplification
大脉冲信号: Big pulse signal 功率柜: Power cabinet
电源检测: Power source detection 脉冲回读检测: Pulse read-back detection
主从逻辑: Master/slave logic 脉冲放大板: Pulse amplification board
CPU 板: CPU board
2.3 Safety Precaution
Before touching single board, make sure that human body is properly grounded
in order to neutralize electrostatic charge. Electrical equipment is sensitive to
electrostatic charge. Follow safety rules at any time. Place single board in a bag with
function of electrostatic shield.
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3．Man-Machine Communication
3.1 Why You should Read this Chapter
This chapter includes all information about man-machine communication of

NES excitation regulator. Please carefully read this Chapter before operating the
regulator.
Through man-Machine communication, operator can finish the following works:
◆ Display signal and operating data
◆ Display and set parameters
◆ Change operating mode of NES5100 excitation regulator
◆ Observe and record step test and step test waveform, failure waveform and
real-time signal waveform
◆ Modify application software
◆ Input and store parameters in the disk
Parameter setting and modification of application software requires user to have
an intimate knowledge of the system and can only be performed by those who have
received relevant training.
3.2 Man-Machine Communication Tools
3.2.1 Overview of NES_HMI
NES-HMI intelligent monitoring software system (hereinafter referred to as

NES_HMI) is developed by Electrical Control Branch under Nanjing Automation
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Research Institute/Electrical Control Corporation under NARI Group Corporation for

NES5100 excitation regulator. This software system consists of intelligent excitation
monitoring software and communication middleware OPC Server for NES5100.
NES_HMI consists of the following modules: system topology view module,
failure log module, parameter setting module, over-excitation and under-excitation
curve module, waveform recording module, sampling oscilloscope, step response
module, parameter comparison module, communication variable configuration
module. NES_HMI can successfully fulfill the operation monitoring and
commissioning requirements of excitation regulator.
3.2.2 Installation and Operation of NES_HMI
3.2.2.1 Minimum System Configuration for NES_HMI
◆ CPU Pentium 166MHZ

◆ Memory: 64MB
◆ Hard disk: 1.0GB
◆ Display: VGA; 16-bit true color; 800*600DPI
◆ Operating system: WINDOWS 2000 or XP (Chinese version)
3.2.2.2 Recommended System Configuration for NES_HMI
◆ CPU Pentium II 300 MHZ

◆ Memory: 256MB
◆ Hard disk: 10GB
◆ Display: VGA, 16-bit true color; 800*600DPI
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3.2.2.3 Installation and Operation of NES_HMI
NES_HMI intelligent excitation monitoring software system is installed as follows:

1. Run setup.exe, then window will pop up as shown in Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1: Installation Process 1

2. Click “next” button
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3. Read the Service Agreement, select “ I Accept” and click “next” button
图 4-3 安装过程 3
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4. Determine installation directory, click “next” button to start automatic installation

After installation is finished, operating process of NES_HMI is as follows:
◆ Configure config.ini file
Installation program will install config.ini under c:\opcconfig directory. This
file is the basis for operation of NES_HMI software. INI file is a kind of text file
specially designed for storing initialization information and operating
environment of application program. A INI file consists of a large number of
sectors; each sector contains tremendous key and corresponding value.
Format of sector is as follows:
[Sector]
KeyName=Value
[Sector]
KeyName=Value
Configuration of NES_HMI software is described as follows:

● [startmode] － style: generator set excitation mode of power plan, 1= self-shunt
excitation, 2=3 generator excitation
●[user]－powerstation: name of power plant
●[avrcount] － count: the number of regulators inside excitation regulator cabinet;
maximum: 2 sets of regulators
● [1]－ip: ip address of regulator A
● [2]－ip: ip address of B set of regulator
●[opcserver]-Serve: Location and name of OPC Serve, for example:
\\10.144.85.170\nari.opcserver.1 means that it is working in computer at 10.144.85.170
and name of OPC serve is nari.opcserver.1;

● [steplimit]－limitpercent: amplitude (%) of step test
● [channelname]: name of 24 sampling channels; name is shown in oscilloscope
module;
● [curvename]: name of 15 pieces of waveform recording curve; the name is shown in
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test waveform recording module.

● [curvek]: code value corresponding to of 15 pieces of analog curves of waveform
recording module
● [curvebase]: base value corresponding to 15 pieces of analog curves of waveform
recording module
● [curvevar]: Unit of 15 pieces of analog curves of waveform recording module ；
waveform recording module is displayed in code value, percentage or actual value;
frequency is displayed in Hz
● [Digital]: Digital defined by waveform recording curve; waveform recording
module includes 80 digital, you can display 5 digital in a waveform recording
diagram;
● [lbtimediff] － diff: time difference between waveform recording; unit: second;
default value is 0.0066 seconds;
● [lbtimediff]－multi: reference multiple of time difference between wave recording;
=diff/0.0033
● [autolb] － lbkg: setting of automatic waveform recording; if lbkg is equal to 1,
automatic waveform recording will be opened; if lbkg is equal to 0, then automatic
waveform recording will be closed;
● [autolb]－maxlbperday: maximum number of waveform recording data per day
◆ Run and register OPC server
If user installs NES_HMI for the first time, user must register with genuine
version of OPC server before running it. Registration code is shown in user’s guide.
Perform registration as follows:
Run Register.exe, then registration window will appear; enter registration code;
If user fails to perform registration with genuine version of OPC server, then OPC
server can only display 30 excitation variables.
After finishing the abovementioned works, make sure that OPC Server and
excitation regulator is connected over Ethernet. Run opc.exe, activate OPC server; if
OPC Server runs normally, then OPC server will automatically put itself into system
tray after OPC Server runs for seconds and correctly creates address space; otherwise
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OPC Server won’t be correctly activated. Please check configuration files and
network connection.
After OPC Server is correctly activated, user needs to register OPC Server with
this computer. Double click OPC Server icon, open OPC Server, and click
Registration Menu of OPC Server and begin registration. Please see Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-4: Register OPC Server

◆ Run monitoring software
After the abovementioned works are finished, run client.exe and NES_HMI
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monitoring software.
3.2.3 Interface of NES_HMI
Main interface of NES_HMI monitoring software is the system topology view

interface; please see Figure 4-5. Press ALT+F1 to hide navigation bar.
Figure 4-5: Main Interface of NES_HMI Software
3.2.4 Module Functions and Use of NES_HMI Software
3.2.4.1 System Topology Interface
System topology interface consists of a series of generator system controls,

including stator control, rotor control, power cabinet control, data stream control,
AVR control, PT control, CT control, excitation variable control, main exciter control,
pilot exciter control and bridge rectifier control. User can produce different kinds of
excitation modes by using these controls without coding. Figure 4-6 is topology
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interface of three –generators system.

Double click stator control, rotor control, power cabinet control, excitation
variable control and AVER control to see the interface for details. When excitation
system fails, is limited or gives an alarm, AVR control will give prompt with red,
yellow and purple indicator lamp flashing. When PT line broken happens, PT control
will give prompt with red indicator lamp flashing.
Double click AVR control and enter AVR interface. The interface is shown in
Figure 4-7.
Figure 4-6: Topology Interface of Three-Generator System
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Figure 4-7: AVR Control Interface
3.2.4.2 Failure Log Module
OPC Server records Failure Log; when set failure value, limit value and alarm
value increases from 0 to 1 or decreases from 1 to 0. OPC Server records and stores
the value. User can make an inquiry of the value by operating NES_HMI software.
Click “failure log” icon and enter failure log module. Please see Figure 4-8 for the
interface.
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Figure 4-8: Failure Log Interface

User can make an inquiry of set interval, regulator a and regulator b and the type
of failure; when inquiry record is more than 1,000, failure log module will display the
latest 1,000 pieces of records.
3.2.4.3 Parameter Setting
Click “parameter setting” icon, and parameter setting module interface will
appear. The “parameter setting module” window is shown in Figure 4-9.
Parameter setting modules sets the value of parameters defined by excitation
system, including PID parameter, over-excitation and under-excitation parameters.
Double click set value column; if user double click set value column for the first time,
authorization window will pop up; user can only set the value of parameters when
correct user name and password is entered.
User can set the value of parameters in the form of percentage, actual value and
code value. System will automatically convert it into code value. After successfully
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setting the value of parameters, restart the excitation regulator and parameter will
remain to be the set value.
Read it in Flash process, and system will temporarily stop working; make sure
that pilot regulator is read-in.
Figure 4-9: Parameter Setting Interface
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3.2.4.4 Over-Excitation and Under-Excitation Curve Setting
Figure 4-10: Over-excitation and under-excitation user interface

Click “over-excitation and under-excitation” icon, then over-excitation and
under-excitation user interface will appear; please see Figure 3-10 for over-excitation
and under-excitation user interface. The bottom of the interface is divided into four
sections with tab controls: over-excitation curve, under-excitation 1 section curve,
under-excitation 2 section curve and under-excitation 3 section curve. The top of the
interface displays various kinds of over-excitation and under-excitation reference
curves (please see Communication Variable Configuration Generation Module for
generator set parameters input). In addition, when terminal voltage exceeds 90%,
system begins to calculate current operating point, and display it on coordinate in the
form of animation; user can know about the operating condition of generator.
Every curve has five control buttons, including “using automatically generated
data”, “four-point fitting”, “regulator A read-back”, “regulator B read-back” and
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“send flash”. Corresponding to over-excitation curve, click “using automatically

generated data” button to use rotor thermal stability curve as data source.
Corresponding to under-excitation 1 section curve, click “using automatically
generated data” button to use “stability boundary 2 of static stability allowance and
right boundary of field failure protection circle” as data source. Under-excitation 2
section curve and under-excitation 3 section curve is derived from movement of
under-excitation 1 section curve.
Usually, power plant use four-point fitting method to produce over-excitation
curve. Therefore, various kinds of curves have “four-point fitting” button. Click this
button, then the four-point fitting button will pop up. Please see Figure 4-11 for
window interface of under-excitation 1 section curve. According to the practice of
power plant, power plant uses actual value of reactive power (Mvar) and active power
(MW)coordinate of four-point fitting; meanwhile, active power will gradually
increase.
Figure 4-11: Under-excitation 1 section four-point fitting user interface
3.2.4.5 Waveform Recording
Waveform recording is an important part of field test of excitation regulator;
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click “waveform recording” icon, then waveform recording module user interface will
appear; as waveform recording process is automatically stopped, user need to know
about change in some important parameters of excitation regulator. Therefore,
waveform recording interface displays data browse page; when config.ini configures a
regulator, data browse only displays the data of a regulator. Please see Figure 4-12 for
waveform recording user interface.
Waveform recording process is described as follows:
1. Select regulator A or Regulator B as the current operating target;
2. According to waveform recording indication, determine whether waveform
recording is in progress; otherwise click “restore waveform recording” button to
restore waveform recording, and wait a moment so that waveform recording buffer
area is filled with data;
3. User manually stops waveform recording, then waveform recording picture will
stop working, and waveform browse page window will automatically appear;
4. Click “load data” button, then progress bar will give prompt: data loading is in
progress”. Loaded waveform recording data is the data acquired 20 seconds before
waveform recording is automatically finished. After waveform recording data loading
is finished, progress bar will disappear. If progress bar disappears during the process
of loading, this may be caused by Ethernet communication. Please check the Ethernet
connection, and reload the waveform recording data. Please see Figure 4-13 for
waveform browse page window;
5. Select specific curve, click “curve display” button to look at the curve;
6. If user desires to store data, user may click “store waveform recording file” button
to store waveform recording file as an ASCII data file with “.lb” as the suffix;
7. If user desires to store current waveform chart, click “store chart” button to store
waveform chart file as a waveform chart with “.bmp” suffix.
Every curve corresponds to an independent Y-axis coordinate; if user desires to
display a large number of curves, user may move mouse to the name of the curve, and
right-click mouse button, and select “close y coordinate” from pop-up menu.
User may define name, code value and named value in config.ini file.
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Select the last 5 pieces of curves as digitals; right-click specific digitals from 80
digitals.
Figure 4-12: Data browse page window of waveform recording user interface
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Figure 4-13: Waveform View Page Window

In order to facilitate the test, waveform recording module also has automatic
analysis ability. Use cursor to select starting point and end point; user also may
manually enter the starting point and end point; after determining starting point and
end point, click “automatic analysis” button; please see Figure 4-14 for pop-up
analysis result window.
If user desires to view waveform recording files stored previously, user
may click “read waveform recording files” button; read waveform recording
files; after waveform recording files is successfully read, user may select
curve to display the curve.
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Figure 4-14: Automatic Analysis
3.2.4.6 Sampling Oscilloscope
In order to facilitate the diagnosis of the system failure, NES_HMI provides

sampling oscilloscope module. This module performs data acquisition and graphic
display of 24 sampling channels of excitation regulator at update frequency of 100ms.
User can look at real-time sampling data of any channel of regulator A or regulator B.
Please see Figure 4-15 for user interface of Oscilloscope module.
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Figure 4-15: Oscilloscope
3.2.4.7 Step Test
Click “step test” icon, then step test module user interface will appear. Please see
Figure 3-16 for user interface of step test module.
Step test is described as follows:
1. According to interface prompt, make sure that regulator in operation is recording
waveform; if waveform recording stops, click “restore waveform recording” button to
activate waveform recording;
2. Select step-up or step-down;
3. Enter step size; maximum step size is configured in config.ini file;
4. Click “start step test” button; if user fails to enter step size, the interface will give
prompt;
5. User may calculate test time, and click “finish step test” button to finish step test; if
user fails to click “finish” button, the module will automatically finish step test 20
seconds later;
6. Wait seconds, and click “finish waveform recording” button to finish waveform
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recording; waveform recording buffer area will store the waveform recording data
acquired 20 seconds before waveform recording is finished;
7. Click “load data” button, then progress bar will give prompt: data loading is in
progress”. Loaded waveform recording data is the data acquired 20 seconds before
waveform recording is automatically finished. After waveform recording data loading
is finished, progress bar will disappear. If progress bar disappears during the process
of loading, this may be caused by Ethernet communication. Please check the Ethernet
connection, and reload the waveform recording data.
8. Select specific curve, click “curve display” button to look at the curve;
9. If user desires to store data, user may click “store waveform recording file” button
to store waveform recording file as an ASCII data file with “.lb” as the suffix;
10. If user desires to store current waveform chart, click “store chart” button to store
waveform chart file as a waveform chart with “.bmp” suffix.
Figure 4-16: Step Test Module
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4.2.4.8 Communication Variables Configuration Generation
Click “download file generation” icon under “commissioning” page, then

communication variables configuration generation module interface will appear.
Please see Figure 4-17 for the interface.
Communication variable configuration generation module is used by our
developers; if engineers of power plant desire to use the module, they must receive
instruction from our developers and work in collaboration with our developers.
Communication variable configuration generation module defines parameters
and variables displayed in NES_HMI interface. NES_HMI and NES5100
microcomputer excitation regulator uses intelligent extensible self-described protocol.
All communication variables are managed in groups. User can uses these variables on
different occasions by adding or deleting variable group or member of variable group.
Current NES_HMI 1.0 version only supports addition or deletion of member of
variable group. However, the third-party tool is provided to support addition and
deletion of variable group.
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Figure 4-17: Communication Variable Configuration User Interface

Communication variable configuration generation module has the “read initial
data” button, “store current data” button, “read stored data” file, “generate download
file” button, and “generate head file” button; these buttons are described as follows:
◆ Read initial data---currently, as long as computer correctly runs OPC Server, then
variable group and member of variable group defined by excitation regulator will be
stored locally according to communication protocol; “Read initial data” can produce
data structure of these variables for use.
◆ Store current data---Store data in current form in database of local computer so that
the data can be modified in the future;
◆ Read stored data---Read stored data in current form;
◆ Generate download file---Organize currently defined variable group and member of
variable group into data file; data file is created under c:\opcconfig directory; user
may manually download data file to Flash area of the regulator; properties of variable
displayed in NES_HMI interface will automatically change; these properties include
name, initial value, dimension, maximum value, minimum value and Flash update
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sign of variable or parameter;

◆ Generate head file---Organize currently defined variable group and member of
variable group into head file; head file is created under c:\opcconfig directory; user
may store head file in internal regulation program of excitation regulator so as to
realize correct mapping of internal variables and communication variables. Internal
program of excitation regulator determines communication location according to
name of variables; after adding or deleting variable, developer can directly use
variable without having to mind communication.
Variable table is divided into seven columns, including: variable group ID,
variable name, attribute ID, attribute parameters, initial code value, program variable
name, Flash operation sign; these variables are described as follows.
◆ Variable group ID—Group No; When mouse moves to the first column of every
group, right-click the mouse, then menu will pop up; delete or add this group; group
No can not be overlapped;
◆ Variable name---variable name displayed in NES_HMI; user double click specific
column to edit;
◆ Attribute ID---dimension, maximum and minimum value of variables; system has
defined all possible properties;
◆ Attribute parameter---Temporarily unavailable;
◆ Initial code value---Initial code value loaded when regulator is started;
◆ Program variable name---Regulator program performs communication and location
according to program variable name;
◆ Flash operation sign---Currently, the system support two kinds of operation signs.
When operation sign is 0, it is meant to be a variable; when operation sign is 3, it is
meant to be a parameter; when setting parameters and writing flash, only updated
writing of parameters is performed; regularly updated data from regulator program
won’t operate variables.
When user click “read stored data” button, the system will display stored data
and system switch tool window will pop up as shown in Figure 4-17; user enter
specific parameters, click “parameter generation” button, then the system will
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automatically generate initial code value of all relevant variables and update some
relevant attribute parameters.
3.2.4.9 AB Comparison between Parameters of Regulator A
and Regulator B
Definition of initial value and type of variables that are loaded to flash
(parameters and variables) is very important for normal operation of excitation control
model. In order to avoid data difference between A and B set of regulator caused by
negligence of operators, NES_HMI developed Module of Comparison between
Parameters of Regulator A and Regulator B.
Click “parameter comparison” in “commissioning” page window, then interface
of module of comparison between parameters of Regulator A and Regulator B will
appear; please see Figure 4-18 for the interface; when config.ini file configures a
regulator, the module will only perform comparison between flash data of regulator A
and data run in NES_HMI computer. When config.ini file configures two regulators,
the module will perform comparison of flash data between regulator A and regulator
B; when comparison shows data difference, the corresponding row will become red
and corresponding prompt will be given.
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Figure 4-18: Parameter Comparison Module
3.2.4.10 Control Mode Switch
Click “Mode switch” icon in “commissioning” page window, then control mode
switch module will appear; please see Figure 4-19 for user interface of control mode
switch module.
Commissioning engineer can use control mode switch module to change control
mode of excitation regulator so as to check switch characteristics of excitation
regulator. Internal control mode of excitation regulator includes: voltage-based close-
loop, current-based close-loop, fixed-angle reactive power-based close-loop and
power factor close-loop. When system configuration file config.ini configures a
regulator, display and switch of current mode of regulator B is invalid.
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Figure 4-19: Interface of Control Mode Switch
3.2.5 Overview of NESLOGIC Excitation Variable Logic
Configuration Software
Logic relations between variables of excitation regulator (including analog signal

input, digital input and program internal temporary variable) are changed with the
environment of power plant; user can make use of NESLOGIC excitation variable
logic configuration software to fulfill logic configuration requirements of
microcomputer excitation regulator.
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3.2.6 Installation and Operation of NESLOGIC
3.2.6.1 Minimum System Configuration for NESLOGIC
◆ CPU Pentium 166 MHZ
◆ Memory: 64MB
◆ Hardware: 1.0GB
◆ Display: VGA, 16-bit true color; 800*600 DPI and above
3.2.6.2 Recommended System Configuration for NESLOGIC
◆ CPU Pentium II 300MHZ
◆ Memory: 256MB
◆ Hardware: 10GB
◆ Display: VGA, 16-bit true color; 800*600 DPI and above
3.2.6.3 Installation and Operation of NESLOGIC
NESLOGIC excitation variable logic configuration software is a kind of green software
which doesn’t require installation. Directly run LogicDesign.exe, then NESLOGIC user interface
will appear.
3.2.7 User Interface of NESLOGIC
Please see Figure 4-20 for user interface of NESLOGIC excitation variable logic
configuration software.
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Figure 4-20 User Interface of NESLOGIC

User interface of NESLOGIC consists of menu zone, tool bar zone and canvas
zone. Logic graphics performs logic configuration in canvas zone; canvas zone uses
form point to locate and display. Double left-click mouse in clear area of canvas zone;
open canvas attribute setting dialog to perform canvas setting; Please see Figure 4-21.
Figure 4-21: Canvas Setting
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3.2.8 Module Functions and Use of NESLOGIC
3.2.8.1 AND MODULE
Click “AND MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure 4-22. User
may insert “AND MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing left mouse button.
“AND MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-click on “AND MODULE”
to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of “AND MODULE” includes: statement
label, output variable y, independent variable x1, independent variable x2, and strobe
switch variable as shown in Figure 4-23.
Figure 4-22: Insert “AND MODULE”

Functions of “AND MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch variable is
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equal to 1, perform “Logical AND” of independent variable x1 and x2; enter the
results to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the abovementioned
operation will be performed unconditionally.
Figure 4-23: “AND MODULE” node attribute

In the dialog box of logic module attribute, double click text input box, then
excitation variable selection dialog box will pop up. Excitation system developed by
Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation and HMI monitoring software
use unified data source. Please see Figure 4-24 for Excitation Variable Selection Box:
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Figure 4-24: Excitation Variable Selection
3.2.8.2 OR MODULE
Click “Insert OR MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure 4-25.
User may insert “OR MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing left mouse
button. “OR MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-click on “OR
MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of “OR MODULE” includes:
statement label, output variable y, independent variable x1, independent variable x2,
and strobe switch variable as shown in Figure 4-26.
Functions of “OR MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch variable is
equal to 1, perform “Logical OR” of independent variable x1 and x2; enter the results
to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the abovementioned operation
will be performed unconditionally.
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Figure 4-25: Insert “OR MODULE”
Figure 4-25: “OR MODULE” node attribute
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3.2.8.3 NOT MODULE
Click “Insert NOT MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure 4-26.
User may insert “NOT MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing left mouse
button. “NOT MODULE” is a single input module. Double left-click on “NOT
MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of “NOT MODULE” includes:
Figure 4-26: Insert “NOT MODULE”

Functions of “NOT MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch variable is
equal to 1, perform “Logical NOT” of independent variable x1; enter the results to
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variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the abovementioned operation will
be performed unconditionally.
Figure 4-27: “NOT MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.4 Add Module
Click “Insert ADD MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure 4-28.
User may insert “ADD MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing left mouse
button. “ADD MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-click on “ADD
MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of “ADD MODULE” includes:
Functions of “ADD MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch variable is
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equal to 1, add independent variable x1 and independent variable x2; enter the results
to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the abovementioned operation
will be performed unconditionally.
Figure 4-28: Insert “ADD MODULE”
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Figure 4-29: “ADD MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.5 SUBTRACT MODULE
Click “Insert SUBTRACT MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure
4-30. User may insert “SUBTRACT MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing
left mouse button. “SUBTRACT MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-
click on “SUBTRACT MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of
“SUBTRACT MODULE” includes: statement label, output variable y, independent
variable x1, independent variable x2, and strobe switch variable as shown in Figure 4-
31.
Functions of “SUBTRACT MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch
variable is equal to 1, independent variable x2 is subtracted from independent variable
x1; enter the results to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the
abovementioned operation will be performed unconditionally.
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Figure 4-30: SUBTRACT MODULE
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Figure 4-31: “SUBTRACT MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.6 MULTIPLY MODULE
Click “Insert MULTIPLY MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure
4-32. User may insert “MULTIPLY MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing
left mouse button. “MULTIPLY MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-
click on “MULTIPLY MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of
“MULTIPLY MODULE” includes: statement label, output variable y, independent
variable x1, independent variable x2, and strobe switch variable as shown in Figure 4-
33.
Functions of “MULTIPLY MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch
variable is equal to 1, multiply independent variable x2 by independent variable x1;
enter the results to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the
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abovementioned operation will be performed unconditionally.
Figure 4-32: Insert “MULTIPLY MODULE”
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Figure 4-33: “MULTIPLY MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.7 DIVIDE MODULE
Click “Insert DIVIDE MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure 4-
34. User may insert “DIVIDE MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing left
mouse button. “DIVIDE MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-click on
“DIVIDE MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of “DIVIDE
MODULE” includes: statement label, output variable y, independent variable x1,
independent variable x2, and strobe switch variable as shown in Figure 4-35.
Functions of “DIVIDE MODULE” are as follows: when strobe switch variable is
equal to 1, multiply independent variable x1 by independent variable x2; enter the
results to variable y; if strobe switch variable is not entered, the abovementioned
operation will be performed unconditionally. Note: in order to avoid “division by
zero” error, when x2 is equal to 0, this logical module will not work..
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Figure 4-34: Insert “DIVIDE MODULE”
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Figure 4-35: “DIVIDE MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.8 COMPARE MODULE
Click “Insert COMPARE MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown in Figure
4-36. User may insert “COMPARE MODULE” by pressing, dragging and releasing
left mouse button. “COMPARE MODULE” is a double input module. Double left-
click on “COMPARE MODULE” to indicate attribute of modules; attribute of
“COMPARE MODULE” includes: statement label, output variable y, independent
variable x1, and independent variable x2 as shown in Figure 4-37.
Functions of “COMPARE MODULE” are as follows: when value of independent

variable x1 is greater than the value of independent variable x2, then variable y will
be equal to 1; otherwise variable y will be equal to 0. Independent variable x1 and x2
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can be constant; user may select excitation variable as formal parameter.
Figure 4-36: Insert “COMPARE MODULE”
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Figure 4-37: “COMPARE MODULE” node attribute
3.2.8.9 TIMED LOCATION MODULE
Click “Insert TIMED LOCATION MODULE” icon in Tool Bar Zone as shown
in Figure 4-38. User may insert “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” by pressing,
dragging and releasing left mouse button. “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” is a non-
input module. Double left-click on “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” to indicate
attribute of modules; attribute of “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” includes:
statement label, output variable y, and delayed time t as shown in Figure 4-39.
Functions of “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” are as follows: when strobe
switch variable is equal to 1 and delayed time is equal to 3.3ms, output variable y is
equal to 1. When strobe switch variable is equal to 0, timer will clear zero and y will
be equal to 0.
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Figure 4-38: Insert “TIMED LOCATION MODULE”
Figure 4-39: “TIMED LOCATION MODULE” node attribute
3.2.9 Connections between Modules
In order to correctly express logical relations between modules, various kinds of

modules must be connected with connection line. NESLOGIC designs three kinds of
connection lines which are used to connect output variable y, input variable 1 and
input variable 2 and strobe switch variable. These three kinds of connection lines are
located as shown in Figure 4-40. When there are more than two modules in canvas,
connection line icon becomes valid.
Design logic and features of connection lines are as follows:
◆ When connection line is used to connect nodes of two modules, variables on
both sides of connection lines will become identical. After connection is successfully
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finished, the system will assign variable at the starting point of connection line to
variable at the end point of connection line. When starting point does not select
variable, the end point will correspondingly indicate the status of “variable
unselected”. Therefore, correct connection procedure should be as follows: determine
variables at the starting point of connection line, and perform connection operation;
◆ Connection line also expresses logical sequence. Connection to the module
where starting point is located will be performed earlier than connection to the
module where end point is located; explainer performs logic according to statement
label. When connection operation is performed, system will automatically make
correction if statement label of module that is connected to end point is less than
statement label that is connected to starting point;
◆ Output of one module can be considered input of many modules, but user
must carefully design operation procedure;
◆ Output of one module can not be considered its own input;
◆ If connection module is deleted, all connection lines will be deleted;
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Figure 4-40: Operation Instruction of Connection Line

Please see Figure 4-41 for a specific example of one connection line.
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Figure 4-41: Specific Example of Logical Design
3.2.10 Logical Storage
After excitation logic design is finished, click “storage” icon in tool bar; user
may store excitation logic file as a logic file with “.narilc” suffix. NESLOGIC will
serialize all information on excitation logic and store them.
3.2.11 Logical Reading
Select “open logical reading” in NESLOGIC tool bar or menu, then user can read
stored narilc excitation logic file in a deserialization manner.
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3.2.12 Check Logic Relations
After logical design is completed, user must check logical relations before logic
is downloaded to the regulator. NESLOGIC provides function of automatic logic
check. Click “check logic relations” button in tool bar to check logic relations as
shown in Figure 4-42. The system will indicate errors in the form of pop-up box; if no
failure occurs, user can download logic.
Figure 4-42: Check Logic Relations
3.2.13 Logical Download
Click “Logical Download” button in tool bar; NESLOGIC installs the number
and address of regulator defined by excitation system configuration file and send
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designed logic to regulator as shown in Figure 4-43. After designed logic is sent to
the regulator successfully, a dialog box will pop up. If regulator correctly accepts the
designed logic, then get back to corresponding dialog box. If the dialog box that
indicates the successful acceptance of designed logic does not appear, please check
corresponding network connections.
Figure 4-43: Logical Relations Read-in Regulator
4. Commissioning Procedure
4.1 Overview
This Chapter introduces commissioning procedure for NES5100 excitation
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regulator. Please carefully read this Chapter before beginning commissioning. This
Chapter describes commissioning method and steps and relevant safety guideline for
NES5100 excitation regulator. This Chapter is targeted at those who perform
maintenance and repair service of power station equipment. They must have an
intimate knowledge of electrical engineering and have a good command of basic
technical knowledge. They must receive training related to NES5100 excitation
regulator. Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation will regularly offer
training.
4.2 Safety Conditions
Work inside PLC control cabinet with caution! Current-carrying components

could cause serious personal injury! Those who work inside the cabinet
must have a good command of necessary and professional knowledge
and be equipped with necessary protection device.
In order to achieve safety operation of excitation system, you must make

sure that the following environmental conditions are met:
◆ Ambient air temperature: ＋0℃∽＋40℃
◆ Relative humidity: 5％∽85％
◆ Air quality: Without fine particles
◆ Degree of protection for the cabinet: IP21
Do not move protection device before removing current-carrying

components and grounding them.
You must strictly follow relevant safety rules established by relevant
authority!
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4.2.1 Consequence which may result from failure to
follow safety instruction
◆ Failure to follow safety instruction may cause personal injury and damage to
the equipment;
◆ Failure to follow commissioning procedure may cause damage to the
equipment; furthermore, cost incurred to repair the damage to the equipment will be
high.
4.2.2 Requirements for Commissioning Engineer
◆ Commissioning engineer must be familiar with the User’s Guide to NES5100

Excitation Regulator;
◆ Commissioning engineer must be familiar with control components of
excitation system, operation and alarm indications, as well as local and remote control
of excitation device;
◆ Commissioning engineer must be familiar with procedure for operation,
commissioning, maintenance and repair;
◆In case of emergency, commissioning engineer must know how to turn off the
equipment and disconnect the electrical power to the equipment;
◆ Commissioning engineer must know how to prevent accidents, receive
relevant training, and manage emergency situation immediately, and know how to
extinguish fire.
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4.3 Emergency Management
4.3.1 Fire Management
All workers must know the location of fire extinguishers and emergency
exits.
Fire extinguishers are divided into the following categories: halogenated agent
fire extinguisher, Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and foam fire extinguisher
Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a fire where electrical
equipment is present; Do not point carbon dioxide fire extinguisher at anyone
catching fire.
Foam fire extinguisher is used to extinguish a fire where electrical equipment
is absent. Foam fire extinguisher should not be used to extinguish a fire where
electrical equipment is present. You may point foam fire extinguisher at anyone
catching fire.
In case of a fire, disconnect all electrical power to excitation regulator by means
of local or remote control; turn off the excitation regulator as needed (please see
User’s Guide), and then shut off all equipment.
Never use water or foam to extinguish a fire where electrical

equipment is present!
4.3.2 First Aid for Electric Shock
◆ Disconnect all electrical power to excitation regulator and turn off the
regulator as needed; and then shut off all equipment.
◆ Get the victim away from the source of the current and keep him or her lying;
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give him or her first aid following first aid instruction for electrical injury and call for
medical help.
4.4 Necessary Condition for Commissioning
Preparations must be made by user; for example:

◆ To wire the excitation regulator cabinet and check the wiring according to
Wiring Diagram. Check to see if voltage transformer, current transformer and
protection circuit works.
◆ Make sure that alternating current and direct current and closed switch are
ready;
◆ If you intend to conduct test for generator and other tests, make sure that
temporary power source of excitation transformer and closed switch are ready;
◆ Make sure that equipment used to protect power station and turbine
generators, and other auxiliary equipment should be ready several days before
beginning commissioning;
◆ Safety shield is ready;
4.5 Commissioning Steps
Condition Purpose Time required

Check to see if power supply,
measurement signals, control signals

Operating Two business
Completion of wiring and wiring of main circuit is correct.
loop days
Check to see if operating circuit logic
is correct.
Function Make sure that test Calibrate analog signals according to Two business
test equipment are ready set value of parameters; days
Limit protection of analog test
Functional correctness;
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Analog test for changeover among
various operating mode of regulator;
Check phase-shift triggering circuit
and silicon-controlled rectifier
circuit.
Raising voltage from zero; field
flashing
Tracking and changeover among
channels, operating mode One business

No-load test Normal rotating speed
Check functions of various kinds of day
limiters;
Parameter setting;
Field suppression, etc.

Excitation adjustment polarity and
factor setting;
Tracking and changeover among
Load test Grid-connected power channels, operating mode One business
generation Check functions of various kinds of day
limiters
Stability;
Load-rejection test;
One business
Summary Complete commissioning report
day
Time required refers to actual time required for performing commissioning or
conducting tests; In order to ensure that there is enough time to conduct tests for
excitation system and grid connection can be accomplished on time, you must
accomplish relevant tasks within established time frame.
4.6 Applicable Standards and Specifications
GB/T7409.3-1997 Technical Requirements of Excitation System for Large and
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Medium Synchronous Generators

DL/T650-1998 Technical Requirements of Self Shunt Excitation and Static
Excitation System for Large Turbine Generators
DL/T583-1995 Specification for Static Commutated Excitation Systems and
Devices for Large and Medium Turbine Generators
DL/T489-92 Test Procedure for Static Commutated Excitation Systems and
Devices for Large and Medium Turbine Generators
DL/T490-92 Installation and Acceptance Procedure for Static Commutated
Excitation Systems and Devices for Large and Medium Turbine Generators
DL/T491-92 Operation and Maintenance Procedure for Static Commutated
Excitation Systems and Devices for Large and Medium Turbine Generators
4.7 Test Items
Conduct test and record test results according to requirements of attached of Test
Record of Site Commissioning of NES5100 Excitation Regulator.
5. Operation Procedure
5.1 Overview
This Chapter describes Operation Procedure for NES5100 excitation regulator

and gives information on precautions for no-failure operation of excitation regulator.
This Chapter gives information on operation precautions and describes operation
characteristics of generators and NES5100 excitation regulator in automatic or manual
mode.
5.2 Operating Mode of Synchronous Generators
Generator can operate in the following mode:
◆ Operate in non load condition
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◆ Generator operates under loaded conditions in parallel with a grid
◆Generator drives auxiliary power system under loaded conditions
When generator drives auxiliary power system under loaded conditions, its
operation conditions is basically identical with the operation condition for which it
operates under no load conditions. The only difference is as follows: when generator
drives auxiliary power system, generator voltage is the major moderator variable;
when generator operates under loaded conditions in parallel with a grid, reactive
power is the major moderate variable.
5.2.1 Generators operating under no load condition
When generators operate under no load condition, voltage across the terminals of
generators is equal to induction electromotive force of rotor. When rotating speed is
constant, voltage across the terminals of generators is dependent on field current.
Within the range of rated voltage of generators, there is a linear relationship between
voltage across the terminals of generator and field current. When voltage of
generators is higher than rated voltage, saturation effect will be exhibited. Saturation
effect is essentially determined by design of stator core. If you intend to increase
voltage of generator, you must greatly increase excitation current.
图6-1 空载特性
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Figure 6-1: No-Load Characteristic
饱和：saturation
发电机额定电压：rated voltage of generator
空载励磁电流：No-load field current
5.2.2 Generators operate under a loaded condition in
parallel with a grid
When generators operate under a loaded condition, current flowing through

stator windings causes voltage drop because of synchronous reactance. If field current
remains constant, the terminal voltage will drop. Excitation system prevents voltage
drop by changing field current.
Power circle diagram is usually used to describe the whole range of conditions
for stable operation. Please see Figure 6-2.
图 6-2 发电机运行功率圆
Figure 6-2: Power Circle Diagram of Generator
欠励区域：Under-excitation area 过励区域：Over-excitation area
容性发电机定子电流限制：Capacitive generator stator current limit
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有功功率 P：Active power P

感性发电机定子电流限制：Inductive generator stator current limit
无功功率限制: Reactive power limit
P/Q 限制器：P/Q limiter
最大励磁电流限制：Maximum field current limit
最小励磁电流限制：Minimum field current limit
无功功率 Q：Reactive power Q
This circle encircles coordinate origin, with its radius being equal to rated
apparent power Sn. Sn is determined by allowable temperature rise of rotor winding. In
active power axis, allowable operation range of generator is limited by active power
limit. In addition, in reactive power axis, operation scope of over-excitation is limited
by heating design of rotor winding while range of under-excitation is limited by
stability limit. Over-excitation limit range is primarily determined by rated field
current. Rated operating point is derived from point of intersection of heating limit of
stator and rotor. Within the range of under-excitation, heat capacity produces no
effect. What’s important is to maintain the synchronization of generators. For certain
operating point, its load angleδcan be read from angle between reactive power axis
and field power PF. Usually, synchronizing generator operates within lagging reactive
power range. On the other hand, in order to meet condition of grid, ensure that
suitable torque reserve is available in case of grid failure.
5.2.3 Functions of Excitation Regulator in Operation
Excitation system can automatically adjust field current so that field current can
meet operation condition, which means, on one hand, it maintains constant value
required for steady operation; on the other hand, it can quickly make adjustment if
operation condition changes.
◆ Line voltage should be maintained within an acceptable limit.
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◆ Ensure stable allocation of reactive power among generators operating in

parallel with each other.
◆ Within grid system, when allocating reactive power, try to maintain the
minimum line losses, and make sure that reactive power remain constant when load
changes.
◆ Make sure that generators operate within safety limit.
Under steady operation condition, in order to achieve automatic voltage

regulation, you must calibrate nature of generators and grid. Therefore, voltage
regulator is also influenced by reactive current.
Under many circumstances, generators are connected to grid through step-up

transformer, so reactance through transformer and grid would produce natural current
compensation with drop characteristics. Please see Figure6-3. We must stress that
current droop compensation only represents relationship between change in reactive
power and change in voltage. Do not confuse current droop compensation with
deviation of proportional regulator. Deviation of proportional regulator refers to the
difference between set value and actual value, ranging from 0 to 0.5%. Effective
reactive current droop compensation can be set between -20% and +20%. Reactive
current droop compensation is usually set between 4% and 10%. Reactive current
droop compensation means generator voltage drop (for example, 4%) at 1.p.u reactive
power.
Under some circumstance, in order to compensate voltage drop caused by current

flowing through step-up transformer, you must set reactive current compensation at a
minus value.
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图 6-3 电压调节器的调差率
Figure 6-3: Current droop compensation of voltage regulator
正调差：Positive current droop compensation
负调差：Negative current droop compensation
Excitation regulator must respond immediately after load rejection is performed.

Generator voltage changes immediately after the main switch is cut off. This is an
important indicator and characteristics of excitation regulator and excitation system.
图6-4 甩负荷
Figure 6-4: Load Rejection
过压保护：Over-voltage protection
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励磁电流恒定：Constant field current
配有自动励磁调节器（自并励系统）：Equipped with automatic excitation

regulator (self-shunt excitation system)
When reactive power is reduced to zero, voltage will inevitably rise (
DU = I Q �X d �
�.). For example, subtransient reactance is 0.2 p.u., if 0.5 p.u. reactive
current is rejected, then voltage will rise by 10%. Any regulation won’t reduce the
voltage. If excitation regulator is unavailable, then voltage continues to rise until it
reaches the maximum value determined by synchronous reactance. Time required for
voltage rise is determined by no-load time constant T do .
If excitation regulator is available, voltage won’t rise further; after regulation for
some time, voltage reaches original value. How to quickly achieve this purpose
depends on design and type of excitation system. Static excitation system directly
regulates field current of generator and shows the shortest response time. Three-
generator excitation system must experience additional time constant of exciter. If
excitation system operates in FRC mode, field current will be controlled; this will
lead to voltage rise until over-voltage relay trips, and finally cause generator to
suppress field; In order to prevent field suppression, when main switch is off, set
value of excitation current regulator should reach the no-load excitation current value.
Short circuit will cause significant drop in reactive power of generator.
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图6-5 某一距离短路
Figure 6-5: Diagram of short circuit
配有励磁调节器：Equipped with excitation regulator
励磁电流恒定：Constant field current
For example, remote failure may result in over-current and low voltage for a
short time. In order to maintain voltage, excitation regulator provides maximum
field current. After removing the failure, voltage will rise with the drop in load. The
over-voltage reaches original level after it is regulated by excitation regulator.
5.3 Operation and Display
5.3.1 Overview
Under normal condition, NES5100 excitation regulator is controlled by remote

control at control room. Local control screen on panel of excitation regulator can only
be used in case of commissioning, test or emergency. If power plant is equipped with
high performance control system, command of excitation regulator should be issued
by control system of power plant.
Operators must know how to operate excitation regulation and use man-machine
communication interface. In this way, operators can make generator meet operation
condition of power plant and grid.
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5.3.2 Start-up Procedure
Please see Table 6-1 for start-up procedure for NES5100 excitation regulator:
Serial
Action Results
number
Field discharge switch is
1 Field discharge switch is on
closed
Build up voltage until voltage reaches set
2 Excitation system starts
value within 1 to 10s
No-load operation of generator
Make use of excitation on/off
function of NES5100 Generator voltage reaches the desired
3
excitation regulator value
When condition for operation

4 Generators operate in parallel
in parallel, close main switch.
Generator operates under loaded conditions
Make use of excitation on/off
function of NES5100 Adjust generator voltage so that reactive
5
excitation regulator power can reach desired value.
Table 6-1 Start-up Procedure for NES5100 Excitation Regulator
5.3.3 Check the Status of Excitation Regulator before
starting it
◆ If EX03 board of regulator A or regulator B is shown as in Figure 6-6, this indicates

that regulator is operating normally (we assume that module A is the primary one).
◆Check to see if main monitoring interface indicate (we assume that regulator A is
the primary one):
● Communication status: Communication of both regulators is normal
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● Status of generator sets: regulator A is waiting

● Closed loop mode: voltage-based close loop
◆ Check to see if set value of voltage is desired value. For example, if your desire
that voltage should rise by 90% after field flashing while set value of voltage is 100%,
then you can reduce the set value of voltage to 90% by means of remote control or
local control.
Figure 6-6； Indicating Diagram of EX03 Panel

表示指示灯亮：indicates that indicator lamp lights up
5.3.4 Start Excitation System
After status of regulator becomes normal, close field discharge switch and
confirm that rotating speed of generator reach more than 95% of rated rotating speed
and initial excitation circuit becomes normal, and then issue “start-up” command by
means of local control or remote control, then voltage of generator will reach set
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value and operate under no load condition.

If EX03 board of regulator A or regulator B is shown as in Figure 6-6 and EX08
board of regulator A or regulator B is shown as in Figure 6-7, this indicates that this
regulator is operating normally (we assume that A regulator is the primary one).
Check to see if main monitoring interface indicate (we assume that regulator A is
the primary one):
● Communication status: Communication of both regulators is normal
● Status of generator set: Regulator A is operating under no load condition
● Closed loop mode: Closed loop through voltage
Figure 6-7: Indicating Diagram of EX08 Panel

表示指示灯亮：indicates that indicator lamp lights up
5.3.5 Tracking and Switch between Channels
5.3.5.1 Tracking between Channels
Automatically track reference value and control value of regulated variables of

primary channel; Under normal operation (we assume that regulator a is the main
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one), B channel exchanges control information with A channel through machine-

machine communication, and automatically track operating status of A channel. The
basic principle is as follows: A channel sends out reference value and control value of
the regulated variable through communication, which will experience error handling
and be considered control information of B channel. Through machine-machine
communication, B channel continuously track operating status and control
information of A channel, and realize switch between primary channel and secondary
channel, and ensure that operating status of generator remain stable.
5.3.5.2 Manual Switch
Switch includes switch between operation control modes and switch between
channels. Logic Block Diagram of switch between two channels is shown in Figure 6-
8.
图 6-8 双通道切换逻辑框图
Figure 6-8； Logic Block Diagram of Changeover between Two Channels
自动通道：automatic channel 手动：manual
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A 套调节装置： regulator A B 套调节装置：regulator B

In Figure 6-8, purple double-headed arrow indicates that switch can be
performed be automatically and manually from arrow end to arrowhead or from
arrowhead to arrow end; green single-headed arrow indicates that switch can be
performed automatically and manually from the arrow end to arrowhead; yellow
dashed single-headed arrow indicates that switch can be performed manually from the
arrow end to the arrowhead.
If operation channel are changed over manually, you must check control channel
of current operation channel and target channel. For example, observe set value of
voltage, triggering angle and analog sampling value of two channels through
monitoring interface; only when these parameters are basically identical can you
perform switch from primary channel to secondary channel by operating “Switch
between primary channel and secondary channel” switch on operation panel in front
of NES5100 excitation regulator cabinet.
Switch from automatic channel to manual channel, which can be realized by
operating the second dip switch on EX02 board.
Switch between operation control mode; for example, switch from “closed loop
through voltage” to “closed loop through current” by operating “control mode”
change-over functional module on monitoring interface. See Chapter 4: Man-Machine
Communication in User’s Guide for NES5100 Excitation Regulator for details.
Suggestion: Nonprofessionals should not perform

manual switch!
5.3.5.3 Automatic Switch
Automatic switch will be performed if the following event happens:

◆ Power failure
◆ Pulse failure
◆ Regulator failure
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◆PT failure
Please refer to Figure 6-8 for switch logics.
If operation channel is switched to “manual”, operators should timely check
electric parameters and devices related to excitation system, and find the reason for
switch; operators can manually switch from “manual” to “automatic” until they
confirm that failure is removed and automatic channel is in good operating condition.
5.3.6 Increase/reduce excitation
Excitation can be increased or reduced by means of local or remote control

(remote control can be realized through pulse signal or communication).
◆ When generator is waiting, increasing/reducing can adjust set value of voltage
◆When generator is operating under no load condition, increasing/reducing
excitation can adjust stator voltage of generator;
◆ When generator is operating under a loaded condition, increasing/reducing
excitation can adjust reactive power of generator
Point of increasing/reducing excitation can prevent adhesion; operators can set
effectively continuous time and step through man-machine communication.
5.3.7 Connect/Disconnect Power System Stabilizer
Power system stabilizer can inhibit low-frequency oscillation. Determine specific

parameters through field test. Connecting/disconnecting power system stabilizer can
be manually performed by means of local or remote control. Local control can be
realized by operating PSS connection/disconnection switch on control panel in front
of regulator cabinet. Remote control depends on.
5.3.8 Analog Display
Operators can read the value of stator voltage, stator current, field current,
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system voltage, active power and reactive power by observing monitoring interface.
Operators can refer to Chapter 4: Man-Machine Communication, User’s Guide for
NES5100 Excitation Regulator for the use of monitoring software.
Usually, field current and field voltage are transferred to control room through
transmitter and can be observed remotely.
5.3.9 Status and Alarm Information
NES5100 excitation regulator has a large amount of status information, alarm

and failure information which are transferred to monitoring system through point of
contact or communication. The following signals are the most basic; the information
available is not limited to:
Excitation on Excitation off Voltage build-up Inversion
signal signal command
Field discharge Field discharge Connect power Initial excitation
switch is closed switch is opened system stabilizer control
Field flashing Wind turbine PT circuit broken Over-excitation

failure control limit
Under excitation Force excitation V/F limit Regulator A gives
limit limit an alarm
Regulator B gives Regulator A failure Regulator B failure Power cabinet
an alarm failure
Inversion failure Load switch failure
signal
Figure 6-2: NES5100 Alarm and Failure Information Table
5.3.10 Inspection During Operation
During the operation of NES5100 excitation regulator, you should check to see :
◆ If regulator limiter works
◆ If channel is tracking each other normally, and if secondary channel meets the
condition of operation channel
◆ If field current, stator voltage and reactive power remains stable
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Suggestion: Regularly and manually perform rapid

switch between regulators so as to check standby
channel and manual channel!
5.3.11 Procedure for stopping Excitation System
Serial
Action Procedure Results
number
◆ Reduce reactive power by
Separation Generator will operate
reducing excitation
of under no load condition;
1 ◆ Reduce active power by
generator stator voltage is no-load
adjusting valve or vane
from grid rated voltage
◆ Shut off main switch
◆ Receive “shutdown”
command, and excitation
Excitation system de-excites field by
Generator voltage drops to
2 stops means of inversion
zero within several seconds
working ◆ Terminal voltage is lower
than 5% and excitation
regulator is waiting
Table 6-3 Procedure for Stopping Excitation System
5.3.12 Inversion Field Suppression
If you intend to disconnect generators, issue “shutdown” command (including

opening field discharge switch) or operate “inversion” button on operation panel of
regulator, then inversion field suppression will be performed.
Note: when generators operate in parallel, inversion

command will become invalid!
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5.3.13 Cut off excitation system due to failure (trips)
In case of failure of NES5100 excitation regulator, field discharge switch is

opened and excitation system cut off; after failed excitation system is cut off, failure
indicator lamp on EX01 board on NES5100 excitation regulator flashes. If man-
machine communication is normal, operator can find the reason for the failure by
referring to monitoring software. Please refer to Chapter 4: Man-Machine
Communication, User’s Guide for NES5100 Excitation Regulator for the way to find
the reason for failure.
Failure should be removed by professionals. Please see Chapter 7: Maintenance
and Troubleshooting: NES5100 Excitation Regulator for solution. Once failure is
removed and reset is successfully performed, excitation can be restarted.
5.3.14 Emergency Shutdown
Under some circumstances, peripheral equipment failure could make it

impossible to control excitation system by means of remote control or local control.
Under this circumstance, operators must cut off generator and excitation system.
Operators should turn off field discharge switch at first and disconnect all electrical
power to excitation device by means of local control or remote control. If generators
operate in parallel, operators should turn of main switch of generators, and disconnect
the generator sets, and turn of field discharge switch, and disconnect all electrical
power to excitation device.
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6. Maintenance and Troubleshooting
6.1 Overview
6.1.1 Why you should read this Chapter
In order to ensure that operators can perform correct and safe maintenance of
NES5100 excitation regulator, please carefully read this Chapter before maintaining
and repairing the excitation regulator. This chapter offers a large number of important
suggestions.
6.1.2 Safety Instruction
It is recommended that you should read “Safety Instruction” in Chapter 1.

Operators are not allowed to work inside the regulator cabinet without receiving
training and taking necessary preventive measures.
Operators are not allowed to perform maintenance and repair unless the power
source is cut off and protective device is available. Place a warning tag that reads,
“UNDER REPAIR, DO NOT USE” on the working area in order to indicate
“maintenance and repair engineers only”. Operators must take measures to prevent
mistakenly close circuit breaker that can not be closed. For example, operators may
place a warning tag that reads “UNDER REPAIR, DO NOT CLOSE!”. Workers must
strictly follow safety organization system of power plant, e.g.
Taking improper protective measures or mistakenly closing circuit breaker may
cause personal injury or damage to the equipment, which may increase repair cost.
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6.1.3 Requirements for Maintenance and Repair
Engineers
◆ Maintenance and repair engineer must be familiar with relevant drawings and
documents;
◆ Maintenance and repair engineer must be familiar with operation of the excitation
regulator and receive training on maintenance and repair;
◆ Maintenance and repair engineer must know the meaning of various kinds of local
or remote signals from excitation regulator. Maintenance and repair engineer must
know how to deal with the problems arisen as needed;
◆ Maintenance and repair engineer must be able to manage emergency accidents of
excitation regulator and turn off the excitation system in case of emergency;
◆ Maintenance and repair engineer must have an intimate knowledge of how to
prevent emergency accidents and receive training on first aid and fire extinction.
6.1.4 Hot Line
If maintenance and repair engineers encounter problems that they find no

solution, they can call us at:
+86-25-58646166
+86-25-58646167
+86-25-58646168
+86-25-58646169
+86-25-58646170
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+86 25 58646166
+86 25 58646167
+86 25 58646168
+86 25 58646169
+86 25 58646170
Maintenance and repair engineers may call technicians of Electrical Control

Branch, NARI Group Corporation for help!
Please provide the following information before calling hot line:
◆ User’s name: name/address of power plant
◆ Information on excitation device: Model, contract No. and generator set No. of
excitation device; the year in which excitation was put into operation
◆ Contact means: name/phone number/fax number
◆ Failure information: the type of failure/when the failure happened/where the
failure happened/how the failure happened/why the failure happened
Complete Failure Description Form and send it to:
Excitation Engineering Department, Electrical Control Branch, NARI

Group Corporation
Fax: +86 25 58646172
Email: eng@nari-china.com
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6.2 Maintenance
6.2.1 Introduction
Although electrical components won’t be aged or will only slightly aged,

operator should regularly perform comprehensive check of NES5100 excitation
regulator so as to ensure operation reliability of excitation system.
Excitation regulator continuously detects status of various kinds of important
process during operation, including detection of standby channel. However, standby
channel and manual channel only works in case of failure, so operator must regularly
operate standby channel and manual channel to detect their performance.
In addition, operator should remove dust caused by air flow and tighten terminal
screw that is loosened due to vibration. Perform insulation test in order to prevent
insulation from causing damage to the equipment or malfunction.
This Guide offers information on maintenance necessary for normal operation;
special working conditions (such as short circuit test) are not described.
6.2.2 Working Condition during Operation
When maintaining excitation system, pay attention to working condition under

which various kinds of check are performed; working condition is listed as follows:
① Disconnect all electrical power (main power and auxiliary power);
② Auxiliary power (storage battery and alternating current) is supplied;
③ Generator operates at rated rotating speed under no load condition;
④ Generators operate in parallel (after the same term)
Operator must follow safety instruction under any working

condition!
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6.2.3 Maintenance Plan
User must work out maintenance plan for NES5100 excitation regulator in order
to ensure that the regulator can correctly work for a long term.
After working out maintenance plan, operator must strictly implement
maintenance schedule contained in maintenance plan, particularly within one year
after the regulator is put into operation. Determine the best maintenance cycle
according to results of routine check; pay particular attention to dust; if there is a large
amount of dust, engineer must shorten time between maintenance. If there is
tremendous amount of dust, engineer must reconsider or change degree of protection
(IP).
6.2.3.1 Quarterly Maintenance
Quarterly maintenance is primarily visual check.

◆ Comparison between measured value (under working condition④): observe
measured value of two channels and compare the measured value with display value
indicated by control room; engineer should compare measured value of voltage and
reactive power with their display value. If no reference value is available for
comparison with measured value, engineer must use previously measured value to
estimate accuracy of measured value.
◆ Detect redundant regulator circuit (under working condition ③ or ④)
Engineer can change set value of regulator by increasing or reducing excitation;
standby channel should automatically track operating channel; engineer may observe
tracking results through monitoring interface.
◆ Switch between operating mode or operating channel (under working
condition ③)
Engineer should perform switch between operating modes or operating channels;
field current and generator stator voltage should not obviously change. This also
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verifies whether pulse trigger circuit is normal.

If switch is performed stably, then all standby circuits can be considered normal.
On the contrary, if switch between channels cause significant change in working
condition, then engineer should find the reason for failure by referring to “Failure
Finder”.
After test is completed, operator should switch manual mode
into automatic mode.
6.2.3.2 Yearly Maintenance (During Planned Shutdown)
After removing dust, tightening terminal screw and detecting insulation, perform
the following check:
◆ Calibrate external control signals (under working condition② ): find input
signal source and simulate contact action according to drawings; see if circuit is
normal by observing indicator lamp on digital board, relevant interface in monitoring
software and value indicated by control room;
◆ Comparison between measured values (under working condition ④): Please
see Quarterly Maintenance for the method of comparison between measured values.
◆ Detect redundant regulator circuit (under working condition ③ or ④): please
see Quarterly Maintenance for the method of detection of redundant regulator circuit;
◆ Switch between operating modes or channels (under working condition③ ):
please see Quarterly Maintenance for the method of switch.
6.3 How to Find Failure
If operator discovers that control room or panel on EX03 board indicates failure
when NES5100 is waiting orders, being commissioned or working, operator can find
the reason for the failure by reading “failure log module” in monitoring software.
Please see Chapter 4: Man-Machine Communication, NES5100 Excitation Regulator
for details.
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6.4 Summary of Failure Signals
Please se Table 7-1 for failure signals that NES5100 excitation regulator can detect through
self-test and self-diagnosis:
A B
Failure Description of failure signal
channel channel
Terminal frequency A-phase failure
Terminal frequency
◆ ◆ Terminal frequency B-phase failure
failure
Terminal frequency C-phase failure
Terminal phase A-phase failure
◆ ◆ Terminal phase failure Terminal phase B-phase failure
Terminal phase C-phase failure
Synchronous frequency A-phase
failure
Synchronous frequency Synchronous frequency B-phase
◆ ◆
failure failure
Synchronous frequency C-phase
failure
Synchronous phase Synchronous phase A-phase failure
◆ ◆ Synchronous phase B-phase failure
failure Synchronous phase C-phase failure
Synchronous phase
◆ ◆ Synchronous phase sequence failure
sequence failure
+A-phase pulse alarm
-C-phase pulse alarm
+B-phase pulse alarm
-A-phase pulse alarm
◆ ◆ Pulse failure
+C-phase pulse alarm
-B-phase pulse alarm
Pulse read-back failure
Pulse count failure
Ethernet communication failure
485 communication failure
◆ ◆ Communication failure UART communication failure
CAN1 communication failure
◆ ◆ EX03 board hardware A/D failure
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FPGA failure
SPI failure
TC2 interrupt failure
and software failure Main task failure
TC4 task failure
UART task failure
Update task failure
USB task failure
Power source detection failure
Field flashing failure
Electrical circuit failure PT line broken failure
◆ ◆ No-load load switch close failure
and functional failure Loaded load switch open failure
Power cabinet failure
Table 7-1: Failure Signals
Note: “◆” indicates that this channel can be detected.
6.5 Troubleshooting
Repair engineers must follow safety instruction contained in

Chapter 1.
6.5.1 Principles for Troubleshooting
Under most circumstances, user can locate failure and perform timely
troubleshooting by reading failure information recorded in “failure log module” in
If failure in hardware or software of excitation regulator is not caused by an
external reason, operator can attempt to restart excitation regulator. If operator can
remove failure by restarting excitation regulator, then system will work again. If
operator can not remove failure by doing so and failure signal keeps appearing, then
operator may attempt to replace board.
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6.5.2 Guideline for Replacement of Boards
If you intend to replace board, you must be aware that the board is printed circuit
board, and that electrostatic discharge from CMOS components may cause personal
injury.
Rubbing synthetic fibre may result in electrostatic discharge.
When operator operates circuit board, operator must follow the following
instruction in order to avoid electrostatic discharge:
◆ Mount antistatic rubber on test bed beside the cabinet, and connect ground
wire to the framework of the cabinet.
◆ Touch a paint-free space in the cabinet before touching circuit board so that
you can perform electrostatic discharge.
◆ Store the standby board in their original package.
Please carefully read the abovementioned instructions before replacing boards.
Procedure for replacement is as follows:
1. Disconnect the electrical power to regulator;
2. Pull out board that needs replacing with special tools;
3. Disassemble circuit board;
4. Make sure that model of new circuit board is the same as faulted circuit board
or make sure that new circuit board is compatible with faulted circuit board;
5. Compare identification code of jumper, components (variable resistance, built-
in program or data chip with that of faulted board and make sure that they are the
same; otherwise you can not ensure that new circuit board works normally.
Our spare parts have been tested in our factory; jumper has
been set and program has been downloaded; operator
can directly replace worn parts with our spare parts.
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6.5.3 Troubleshooting
This section tells user how to remove failure listed in Table 7-1. User can
perform troubleshooting by using the methods described in Troubleshooting or
complete Failure Description Form and send it to Electrical Control Branch, NARI
Group Corporation so that technicians can analyze the location of failure.
6.5.3.1 Terminal Frequency Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
During the commissioning or operation of excitation regulator, if alarm signal
appears or alarm indicator lamp on EX03 board flashes, operator can make an inquiry
of the type of failure by reading “Failure Log” in monitoring software.
If a record of terminal frequency failure is available, check to see if it is
“terminal frequency * phase failure” and determine whether the alarm is given by a
regulator or not.
◆ Troubleshooting procedure is as follows:
①Check to see if voltage source meets requirements in the process of commissioning,
and if voltage signal is correct by using test device to test voltage at terminal or other
locations;
② If voltage source signal is correct, then operator must check EX04 board and EX03
board; if a set of regulator fails, operator may replace EX04 board and EX03 board of
both regulators so as to determine which board fails;
6.5.3.2 Terminal Phase Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
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If a record of terminal phase failure is available, check to see if it is “terminal
phase * phase failure” and determine whether the alarm is given by a regulator or not.
◆ Procedure for troubleshooting is as follows:
① Open “oscilloscope” in monitoring software, and check to see if waveform of
terminal voltage signal is correct and if terminal voltage phase is normal;
② If waveform of terminal voltage signal is incorrect, check voltage signal at voltage
terminal 1001 according to drawings, and check to see if wiring is correct or terminal
is loosened;
③ If wiring is correct, check to see if voltage source meets requirements in the
process of commissioning; check to see if voltage signal is correct by using test
device to test voltage at terminal or other locations in the process of operation;
④If voltage source signal is correct, then operator must check EX04 board and EX03
both regulators so as to check to see which board fails;
⑤ If “oscilloscope module” indicates that waveform of terminal voltage is correct,
operator should check to see which board fails by following step ④;
6.5.3.3 Synchronous Frequency Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
If a record of synchronous frequency failure is available, check to see if it is
“synchronous frequency * phase failure” and determine whether the alarm is given by
a regulator or not.
①Check to see if synchronous voltage source meets requirements in the process of
commissioning; check to see if voltage signal is correct by using test device to test
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voltage at terminal or other locations in the process of operation;

②If voltage source signal is correct, then operator must check EX05 board and EX03
both regulators so as to check to see which board fails;
6.5.3.4 Synchronous Frequency Phase Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
If a record of synchronous phase failure is available, check to see if it is
“synchronous phase * phase failure” and determine whether the alarm is given by a
regulator or not.
synchronous voltage signal is correct and if synchronous voltage phase is correct;
② If waveform of synchronous voltage signal is incorrect, check voltage signal at
synchronous voltage terminal 1005 according to drawings, and check to see if wiring
is correct or terminal is loosened; and then check to see if signal terminal of
synchronous transformer is loosened;
③ If wiring is correct, check to see if synchronous voltage source meets requirements
in the process of commissioning; check to see if voltage signal is correct by using test
④If synchronous voltage source signal is correct, then operator must check EX05
board and EX03 board; if a set of regulator fails, operator may replace EX05 board
and EX03 board of both regulators so as to check to see which board fails;
⑤ If “oscilloscope module” indicates that waveform of synchronous voltage is
correct, operator should check to see which board fails by following step ④;
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6.5.3.5 Synchronous Phase Sequence Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
Correct value of synchronous phase sequence should be “635H”.
If a record of synchronous phase sequence failure is available, check to see if a
set of regulator fails or both sets of regulators fail.
synchronous voltage signal is correct and if synchronous voltage phase is correct.
② If waveform of synchronous voltage signal is incorrect, check voltage signal at
synchronous voltage terminal 1005 according to drawings, and check to see if wiring
is correct; and then check to see if signal terminal of synchronous transformer inside
power cabinet is loosened;
③ If wiring is correct, check to see if synchronous voltage source meets requirements
in the process of commissioning; check to see if voltage signal is correct by using test
④If synchronous voltage source signal is correct, then operator must check EX05
board and EX03 board; if a set of regulator fails, operator may replace EX05 board
and EX03 board of both regulators so as to check to see which board fails;
⑤ If “oscilloscope module” indicates that waveform of synchronous voltage is
correct, operator should check to see which board fails by following step ④;
6.5.3.6 Pulse Signal Alarm
◆ Failure inquiry
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If a record of pulse signal alarm is available, check to see if a set of regulator
fails or both sets of regulators fail.
① Measure value of small pulse by opening “square waveform and pulse detection”
in monitoring software; correct pulse value of various kinds of phase is: +A 42H -C
06H +B 0CH -A 18H +C 30H -B 60H;
② If value of phase pulse is incorrect, engineer should check to see if signal wiring is
correct or loosened;
③ If wiring circuit is correct, engineer should check to see if EX03 board or EX08
board fails and determine the source of failure by replacing board one by one.
6.5.3.7 Pulse Read-back Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
If a record of pulse read-back failure is available, check to see if a set of
regulator fails or both sets of regulators fail.
The principle for pulse read-back detection is as follows: pulse from EX08 board
flows through pulse read-back circuit and is sent to FPGA after level translation;
FPGA checks to see if pulse read-back is correct by judging whether pulse returned is
identical with pulse sent.
Engineer should check to see if EX03 board or EX08 board fails, and if the
failure can be removed by resetting EX03 board.
If engineer fails to remove the failure, he may determine the source of failure by
replacing board one by one.
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6.5.3.8 Pulse Count Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
If a record of pulse count failure is available, check to see if a set of regulator
fails or both sets of regulators fail.
The principle for pulse count is as follows: pulse from EX08 board flows
through pulse read-back circuit and is sent to FPGA after level translation. FPGA
checks to see if pulse count is correct by judging whether pulse returned is identical
with pulse sent.
Engineer should check to see if EX03 board or EX08 board fails, and if the
failure can be removed by resetting EX03 board.
If the failure can not be removed, then determine the source of failure by
replacing board one by one.
6.5.3.9 Communication Failure
◆ Failure inquiry

Communication failure is usually caused by external electromagnetic
interference and can be removed by resetting. Therefore, engineer should check EX03
board and check to see if the failure can be removed by resetting EX03 board.
If the failure can not be removed, engineer should check to see if down-lead of
communication unit is loosened, and determine the source of failure by replacing
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board one by one.Please see Table 7-2 for Communication Failure:
Ethernet communication failure
Communication failure
485 communication failure
UART communication failure
Table 7-2; Communication Failure List
6.5.3.10 EX03 board Hardware and Software Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
Please see Table 7-3 for EX03 hardware and software failure:
A/D failure
FPGA failure
SPI failure
Main task failure
TC4 task failure
UART task failure
Update task failure
USB task failure
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Power source detection failure

EX03 board hardware and software failure
Table 7-3: EX03 Board Hardware and Software Failure List

Engineer should check EX03 and check to see if the failure can be removed by
resetting EX03 board.
If the failure can not be removed, engineer should determine the source of failure
by replacing board one by one.
6.5.3.11 Field Flashing Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
During the commissioning or operation of excitation regulator, if “field flashing
failure” alarm signal appears or alarm indicator lamp on EX03 board flashes, operator
can make an inquiry of the type of failure by reading “Failure Log” in monitoring
software.
“Field flashing failure” means that terminal voltage is lower than 20% of rated
terminal voltage within 8 seconds after field flashing. Then excitation regulator will
send “field flashing failure” signal.
① When the regulator sends “field flashing failure” signal, engineer should
check to see if the regulator is ready to start before field flashing. Check to see if
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AC/DC knife-switch, field discharge switch, PT high side knife-switch and field
flashing power switch are closed and make sure that there is no stop signal. (operator
may restart and reset the regulator).
Check to see if “generator set 95% rotating speed command” and “excitation-on
command” signal is normally sent to exciter panel. Check to see if contact point of the
abovementioned signals is jittering.
② Check to see if excitation initiating power is supplied, and if PT fuse is
blown, and if PT circuit connection is loosened. If field flashing power is normally
supplied, PT fuse is blown or PC circuit connection is loosened, then perform field
flashing using another channel. If field flashing can be performed normally in this
way, this means field flashing failure is caused by external reason.
③ If field flashing can not be performed using another channel, engineer should
check to see if field flashing circuit and pulse common return, controllable silicon
rectifier and rotor circuit is properly grounded or if short circuit happens.
If the regulator does not give an “field flashing failure” alarm and generator fails
to perform automatic field flashing, engineer may press “voltage build-up” on
operation panel of excitation regulator or press “initial excitation” button on operation
screen of field discharge cabinet
If field current flows into generator excitation winding while generator set fails
to successfully build up voltage, then engineer should check to see if excitation
initiating current is inadequate and may adjust current limiting resistance, increase
excitation initiating current and conduct test and perform check.
6.5.3.12 PT Line Broken Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
During the commissioning or operation of excitation regulator, if “PL Line
Broken Failure” alarm signal appears or alarm indicator lamp on EX03 board flashes,
operator can make an inquiry of the type of failure by reading “Failure Log” in
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“PT Line Broke” signal means that PT1 used by A channel or PT2 used by B
channel fails.
If failure in current operating channel happens, the regulator will automatically
activate standby channel.
① PT failure is usually caused by PT three-phase imbalance. If PT failure
happens to A channel, engineer should check to see if PT1 three-phase voltage at
terminal block are balanced;
② If PT1 three-phase voltage at terminal block is unbalanced, then PT line
broken failure may be caused by external reason; engineer should check to see PT1
high side fuse is working normally or terminal connection is loosened;
③ If PT three-phase voltage is balanced, then PT line broken failure may be
caused by internal reason. Engineer should check to see if internal connection of PT1
signal is loosened or check EX04 board and EX03 board.
④ Engineer should check EX04 board and EX03 board; if a set of regulator
fails, then engineer can determine which board fails by replacing EX04 board and
EX03 board of both sets of regulators one by one;
If PT failure happens to B channel, remove the failure by following the
abovementioned steps.
6.5.3.13 No-load Load Switch Close Failure
6.5.3.14 Loaded Load Switch Open Failure
6.5.3.15 Power Cabinet Failure
◆ Failure inquiry
During the commissioning or operation of excitation regulator, if “power cabinet
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failure” alarm signal appears or alarm indicator lamp on EX03 board flashes, operator
can inquire about which power cabinet fails by reading “Failure Log” in monitoring
software.
“Power cabinet failure” comprises “power cabinet blower failure”, “power main
circuit fuse break”, “power cabinet resistance-capacitance absorption fuse break”.
Specific form of power cabinet failure depends on failure signal setting of power
cabinet.
Check to see if failure indicator lamp on power cabinet flashes, and check
relevant circuit. If power cabinet failure does happen, check relevant digital board
according to the design of drawings; if digital board is failure-free, operator should
check EX03 board.
If engineer fails to remove the failure or there is a lack of

spare parts, please call us at our hot line!
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NES5100 Excitation

Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation

4.4 Necessary Condition for Commissioning.............................................................67

This Guide describes NES5100 excitation regulator.

knowledge of mechanical and electrical engineering.

1.2 The Purpose of this User’s Guide

Why you should read this Guide

1.3 How to Use this Guide

should attend excitation system-related training offered by Electrical Control Branch,

Caution, danger! This caution sign indicates a possible source of

Caution: electric shock This caution sign indicates a possible

Note This sign indicates all particularly important information.

cause serious personal injury.

1.4 Safety Rules

◆ With necessary electric knowledge, and be familiar with Working Regulation on

serious enough to cause personal injury or damage to equipment, immediately prevent

◆ Place a warning tag;

Article 9 Disconnect all electrical power to the equipment.

1.5 Emergency Management

There is a danger of electric shock or short circuit when performing electrical

Such negligence could result in:

Serious personal injury or equipment damage.

1.5.1 Fire Management

All workers must know the location of fire extinguishers and

1.5.2 First Aid for Electrical Injury

1.6 Important Notice

According to our experience, following suggestions and instructions of this

1.7 Address of Manufacturerb

Electrical Control Branch, NARI Group Corporation

2.1 Why you should read this Chapter

You will know about information related to main technical requirements of

2.2 Hardware Configuration of NES5100 Excitation

2.2.1 Block Diagram

See Table 2-1 for name of boards:

Figure 2-2: Controller of automatic twin-channel and independent manual channel

图 2-3 NES5100 调节器局域结构方框图

双 CAN: Dual-channel CAN communication

交换机：Exchanger 工控机：Process control computer 远方监控：Remote monitoring

2.2.3 Functions and Configuration of Hardware

2.2.3.1 EX01 Pulse power board

In order to ensure reliability of excitation system, EX01 pulse power board is

2.2.3.2 EX02 System Power Board

In order to ensure reliability of excitation system, EX01 pulse power board is

Figure 2-2: Block Diagram of View of EX02 Pulse Power Board

2.2.3.4 EX03 CPU Board

Figure 2-3: Block Diagram and View of EX03 CPU Board

signal, measure frequency and detect pulse read-back.

Figure 2-4: Block Diagram of Pulse Switch

自动通道脉冲：Pulse from automatic channel 脉冲输出：Pulse output

手动通道脉冲：Pulse from manual channel 多路开关：Multiway switch

脉冲切换逻辑：Pulse change-over logic

◆ CAN communication hardware design

2.2.3.5 EX04 Analog Board

Figure 2-5: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Voltage Signal Conditioning

C Figure 2-6 shows Schematic Circuit Diagram of Current Signal Conditioning;

Figure 2-6: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Current Signal Conditioning

EX5100 excitation regulator also measures no-load electromotive force E; See

2.2.3.6 EX05 Synchronizing Voltage Board

EX05 Synchronizing Voltage Board: The main function of EX05 synchronizing

2.2.3.7 EX06/EX07 Digital Board

1 isolation, 16-channel binary

Figure 2-: Schematic Circuit Diagram of Digital Input

2.2.3.8 EX08 Pulse Amplification Board