KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HSG ANH9 QUẬN 7

(NH: 2009-2010) 120’

I. Choose the word or phrase that fit the space in each of the following sentence: (20pts)
1. The room was _________________noisy that no one was able to hear the announcement.
A. so B. such C. as D. very
2. There is construction going on outside today, so please _____________the window closed.
A. stay B. remain C. let D. keep
3. The house Mr. Tuan is thinking about living is located ___________Lam Van Ben Street.
A. to B. on C. from D. of
4. Please inform the leader that we suggest she ________________her presentation for at
least a week.
A. postpone B. is postponing C. postpones D. will postpone
5. The suspect ___________________the detective’s accusation that he was involved with
organized crime.
A. denied B. declined C. exclaimed D. unclaimed
6. There is no need to bring anything to the exam; you will be provided _________________
all required materials.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
7. The class discussion was concluded _____________precisely 11:03 pm on November 27th.
A. near B. on C. at D. to
8. Dr. An is about to complete his research, the result of __________________he hopes to have
published in the newspaper by the end of this year.
A. whose B. it C. which D. that
9. My teacher Mr. Adam may not be the most ________________speaker but he always
succeeds in getting his point across.
A. elemental B. eloquent C. eclectic D. essential
10. Vietnam has the _________________of being one of the nation’s safest places to live in.
A. reputes B. reputed C. reputing D. reputation
11. Everyone __________________Mrs. Lien has opinion on the matter.
A. to B. but C. from D. for
12. Because he knew he was being observed, Tom had trouble _______________on his work.
A. concentrated B. concentrates C. concentrating D. concentration
13. The speech ____________________quite long, succeeded in holding the interest of the
audience from the beginning to end.
A. though B. needless C. factually D. however
14. They probably ___________________dinner by the time we get there.
A. had finished B. have finished C. will have finished D. will have been
finished
15. It should be understood that the ___________________of the belief is not something that
occurs overnight.
A. creativity B. creation C. creature D. creator
16. Of course, there have been negatively consequences, but ____________________the whole,
the development of the automobile has been of tremendous benefit to human kind.
A. at B. in C. to D. on
17. Hardly __________________surveyed expressed interest in either of the project offerings
being considered.
A. anyone B. no one C. those D. of those
18. While I was sitting outside the classroom yesterday, I overheard someone ______________
that your plan had been rejected, though I am not certain who it was I heard speaking.
A. say B. said C. to say D. had said
19. My teacher wishes to express her concern __________________the decision not to review
the safety procedures.
A. regard B. regarding C. regards D. regardless
20. We regret ____________________your course of the changes to the program earlier and
apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
A. to inform B. not having informed C. not to inform D. the informing of
21. If she ___________________sick, she would have gone out with me to the meeting.
A. hasn’t been B. wasn’t C. weren’t D. hadn’t been
22. Prizes are awarded ___________________the number of points scored.
A. according to B. because of C. adding up D. resulting in
23. While southern area is densely populated ____________________live in the Northern part
of the country.
A. a number of people B. many people C. few people D. a few of people
24. The building has a smoke detector __________________any of fires can be detected
immediately.
A. so that B. if C. such as D. as if
25. It was announced that neither the passenger nor the driver ________________in the crash.
A. were injured B. are injured C. was injured D. have been injured
26. The two countries have reached an agreement through dialogues described as _________.
A. counterproductive B. unproductive
C. productivity D. productive
27. Jane persisted __________________her research for the truth about what had happened.
A. at B. about C. in D. on
28. Ensure there is at least a 3 cm space _________________allow adequate ventilation.
A. so as to B. so that C. in view of D. with a view to
29. Why don’t you ask the man where ____________________to stay?
A. he would rather B. he feels like C. would he like D. he would like
30. My car is getting unrealizable; I think I will trade it __________________for a new one.
A. off B. away C. in D. up
31. The old houses were __________________down to make way for a block of flats.
A. banged B. hit C. knocked D. put
32. ___________________that she burst into tears.
A. Her anger was such B. So angry she was
C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was
33. I hadn’t realized she was English _____________________she spoke.
A. until B. when C. only after D. in case
34. My father hasn’t had much ______________with my family since he moved to New York.
A. business B. contact C. meeting D. connection
35. Nowadays children would prefer history _________________in more practical ways.
A. be taught B. teach C. to be taught D. to teach
 36. Thuy: “Thank you for your present!” Tommy: “_______________________.”
A. in fact that is the gift B. I’m glad you like it
C. It’s your pleasure D. But do you know how much is costs?
37. He was _______________________speaker!
A. so good a B. what a good C. so a good D. how good a
38. I just took it ____________________that he’d always be available.
A. for granted B. into consideration C. easy D. into account
39. The case against the corruption scandal was ____________________.
A. discarded B. refused C. eliminated D. dismissed
40. She nearly lost her own life _______________attempting to save the child from drowning.
A. at B. with C. in D. for
II. Use the correct forms of the words given: (10pts)
Most people would regard chess and boxing as so different that they are almost
opposites: one relies on physical (1)_____________________(strong), courage and
aggression, the other of mental (2)____________________(concentrate) planning and tactics.
But despite (or perhaps because of) these (3)____________________(different) a new sport
has been invented which combines the two: Chess-boxing. In a chess boxing match, the two
(4)____________________(compete) take part in alternating rounds of chess and boxing. The
contest starts with a round of chess, followed by a round of boxing, followed by another round
of chess and so on, up to a maximum of eleven rounds: six of chess and five of boxing. The
rounds of chess are a minute (5)___________________(long) than the rounds of boxing. You
achieve victory in a chess boxing match by (6)__________________(win) either the chess or
the boxing. In the chess rounds, you can win by checkmate, or by your opponent running out of
time on the clock. In the boxing, you can win by a knock-out or by the referee’s
(7)____________________(decide). If there is no winner at chess or boxing, the
(8)____________________(play) with the black chess pieces wins. Chess-boxing is a minority
sport, but it is growing (9)____________________(steady). The first world championship was
held in Berlin in 2007 and was won by a 37 year-old-German policeman
(10)___________________(name) Frank Stoldt thanks to a checkmate in the chess in round
seven.
III. Read the following passage and fill one blank with ONE appropriate word: (10pts)
It looks just (0) like an ordinary carrot, it tastes the (1)___________________too,
but the “supercarrot” is in fact the result of years of scientific work. And the scientists who
developed it claims that it is much healthier (2)____________________a normal carrot
because it has been genetically modified to contain high levels of calcium. Calcium is a
necessary part of a healthy diet and is mostly found in high-fat foods
(3)__________________cheese. Supercarrots offer the chance to get plenty of Calcium
without eating too (4)_____________________fat.
GM (genetically modified) food is a controversial topic, and many people claim that
(5)______________________is unnatural and even dangerous. Environmental groups often
campaign against GM food and (6)____________________scientists who are developing
them. But it (7)____________________worth remembering that GM food could perhaps bring
major health benefits. In addition (8)___________________ “supercarrot” scientists are also
working on a new kind of potato which makes much healthier chips and crisps. This could
cause a big reduction in rates of obesity and heart disease.
 Probably the most significant new GM food is “golden rice”
(9)___________________contains a lot of Vitamin A. At present, more than a million people,
mostly women and children die every year in poorer regions of Africa and South East Asia and
500,000 go blind, because they do not get enough vitamin A. (10)__________________
farmers in these regions grew “golden rice” instead of ordinary rice, the effect on people’s
health would be dramatic.
IV. Read the passage and put a cross on the letter of the correct words to use: (10pts)
While medical scientists are always on the lookout for new and deadly forms of the
influenza virus, a few psychologists (1)_____________________started to talk and write about
the dangers of a completely different kind of epidemic: affluenza. The word itself is a mixture
of “influenza” and “affluent” (2)_________________means wealthy or rich. It describes an
unhealthy obsession with money and material possessions.
British psychologist Oliver James (3)____________________has written two books
on the subject, defines affluenza as “placing a high value on money, possessions, appearances
and fame”. He believes that the condition is more common in English speaking countries
(4)___________________in other parts of the world. The reason for this, according to James,
is that the USA, Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada are more obsessed with making
money than other nations. This leads to stress and (5)___________________. In support of his
theory, James points (6)___________________that people in English speaking countries are
twice as likely to suffer mental health problems as people who live in mainland Europe.
Perhaps the most worrying aspect of affluenza is that it is starting to affect people at
younger and younger ages. Teenagers and (7)___________________young children, make
constant demands for possessions, and become genuinely unhappy if they do not have these
things (8)___________________for them. Some experts blame advertising in school;
(9)___________________think that Hollywood and TV shows are the cause. The only cure
seems to be for parents to spend time (10)____________________their children the value of
the other things in life, like friendship, charity and laughter.
1. A. will have B. have C. had D. were
2. A. who B. that C. where D. which
3. A. who B. that C. where D. which
4. A. that B. as C. for D. than
5. A. unhappy B. unhappily C. unhappier D. unhappiness
6. A. up B. to C. towards D. out
7. A. even B. every C. enough D. each
8. A. to buy B. buying C. buy D. bought
9. A. another B. others C. each other D. otherwise
10. A. teaching B. taught C. to teach D. teach
V. Read the following passage carefully, decide whether each of the statements below True or
False or Not mention: (10pts)
1. The hydrologic cycle is the transfer of water from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land
and back to the oceans. The processes involved include evaporation of water from ocean:
precipitation on land, evaporation from land, and runoff from streams, rivers and subsurface
groundwater. The hydrologic cycle is driven by solar energy which evaporates water from
oceans, freshwater bodies, and vegetation. Of the total 1.3 billion km water on earth, about
97% is in oceans, and about 2% is in glaciers and ice caps. The rest is in fresh water on land
and in the atmosphere. Although it represents only a small fraction of the water on Earth, the
water on land is important in moving chemicals, sculpturing landscape, weathering rocks,
transporting sediments, and providing our water resources. The water in the atmosphere – only
0.001% of the total earth – cycles quickly to produce rain and runoff for our resources.
2. Especially important from an environmental perspective is that rates of
transfer on land are small relative to what’s happening in the ocean. For
example, most of the water that elaborates from the ocean falls again as
precipitation into the ocean. On land, most of the water that falls as
precipitation comes from evaporation of water from land. This means that
regional land – use changes, such as the building of large dams and
reservoirs, can change the amount of water evaporated into the
atmosphere and change the location and amount of precipitation on land –
water we depend on to raise our crops and supply water for our urban
environments. Furthermore, as we pave over large areas of land in cities,
storm water runs off quicker and in greater volume, thereby increasing
flood hazards. Bringing water into semi arid cities by pumping groundwater
or transporting water from distant mountains through aqueducts may
increase evaporation, thereby increasing humidity and precipitation in a
region.
3. Approximately 60% of water that falls by precipitation on land each year
evaporates to the atmosphere. A smaller component (about 40%) returns to
the ocean surface and subsurface runoff. This small annual transfer of
water supplies resources for rivers and urban and agriculture lands.
Unfortunately, distribution of water on land is far from the uniform. As
human population increases, water shortages will become more frequent in
arid and semi acid regions where water is naturally non abundant.
4. At the regional and local level, the fundamental hydro logical unit of
landscape is the drainage. Basin (also called a water shed or catchments) A
drainage basin is the area that contributes surface runoff to a particular
stream or river. The term drainage basin is usually used in evaluating the
hydrology of an area, such as the stream flow or runoff from hill slopes.
Drainage basins vary greatly in size, from less than a hectare (2.5 acres) to
millions of square kilometers. A drainage basin is usually named for its
main stream or river, such as the Mississippi River drainage basin.
5. The main process in the cycle is the global transfer of water from the
atmosphere to the land and oceans and back to the atmosphere. Together,
the oceans, ice caps and glaciers account for more than 99% of the total
water, and both are generally unsuitable for human use because of salinity
(seawater) and location (ice caps and glaciers). Only about 0,001% of the
total water on earth is in the atmosphere at anyone time. However, this
relative small amount of water in the global water cycle, with an average
atmospheric residence time of only about 9 days produces all our fresh
water resources through the process of precipitation.
6. On global scale, then total water abundance is not the problem; the
problem is water’s availability in the right place at the right time in the right
 form. Water can be found in either liquid, solid, or gaseous from at a
number of locations at or near Earth’s surface. Depending on the specific
location, the residence time may vary from the few days to many
thousands of years. However as mentioned, more than 99% of Earth’s
water in its natural state is unavailable or unsuitable for beneficial human
use. Thus, the amount of water for which all the people, plants, and animals
on Earth compete is much less than 1% of the total.
7. As the world’s population and industrial production of goods increase,
the use of water will also accelerate. The world per capita use of water in
1975 was about 185,000 gal a year. And the total human use of water was
about 10/15 gal/year. Today world use of water is about 6000 which is a
significant fraction of the naturally available freshwater.
True False
1. Solar energy is the source of the power for the hydrologic cycle, which
begins by evaporating from plants, soil, oceans and freshwater source.
2. Hydrologic is the movement of water from fresh water bodies into the
oceans.
3. Man-made-water resources cause changes in the pattern of rain fall in
the
immediate area.
4. The rest in the passage refer to water.
5. Fresh water is considered important because it is the large source of
water
on earth.
6. Word “fundamental” is closest meaning to “basis”.
7. The Mississippi River is an example of drainage basin.
8. Not less than 1% of the water can be used for human consumption.
9. Distribution of water where it is needed makes water is a problem.
10. World consumption is a small fraction of the naturally available fresh
water.
VI. Complete the unfinished sentences in such a way that it means the same as the one above
it: (20pts)
1. My mother just had time to turn her bike before the dog came out.
No sooner _______________________________________________________
2. She was sorry she hadn’t been to her mother’s birthday celebration.
She regretted _____________________________________________________
3. Jane tried her best to complete the course, so she passed it.
Because _________________________________________________________
4. Tim is a bad boy. He always forgets his mother’s birthday.
Tim never _______________________________________________________
5. It is extremely difficult for me to draw with both hands at the same time.
I find ___________________________________________________________
6. We are going to her party next Sunday, but I won’t see her before there. (until)
I _______________________________________________________________
 7. You may get thirsty on arrival, so take some bottles of natural water.
In ______________________________________________________________
8. My father delayed paying for goods until he got them.
Only ____________________________________________________________
9. Teachers have tried very hard to find the best methodology to help their students.
Enormous ________________________________________________________
10. It was wrong of you to think that you couldn’t do well on your example.
You ought ________________________________________________________
VII. Ten out of eleven lines in the following passage contains one mistake. Underline 10
mistake words and correct them: (20pts)
Size zero
At the age of 22, Luisel Ramos was a top fashions model who spent 0.
_____________
her time to fly to many countries to take part in the shows. She followed 1.
_____________
a strict diet of lettuce leaves and diet Coke. Once day the audience 2.
_____________
cheered as she walked down the catwalk to wear the latest fashions 3.
_____________
from some of the world’s top designers, but as she was returned 4.
_____________
to her dressing room, she was collapsed and died. Doctors blamed 5.
_____________
her died on her very low bodyweight and lack of essential nutrition . 6.
_____________
A month after her death, the Madrid Fashion Weak banned models 7.
_____________
who were too thin from taking part, and Italy fashion designers also 8.
_____________
refused to use “size zero” models. People often blame the fashion 9.
_____________
industry for using unhealthy thin models, thereby encouraging girls 10.
_____________
to become obsessed with the weight, but perhaps the tragic dead 11.
_____________
of Luisel Ramos was a turning point. 12.
_____________

THE END OF THE TEST

 KỲ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HSG ANH9 QUẬN 7 (KEYS)
(NH: 2009-2010) 120’
I. Choose the word or phrase that fit the space in each of the following sentence: (20pts)
1. The room was _________________noisy that no one was able to hear the announcement.
A. so B. such C. as D. very
2. There is construction going on outside today, so please _____________the window closed.
A. stay B. remain C. let D. keep
3. The house Mr. Tuan is thinking about living is located ___________Lam Van Ben Street.
A. to B. on C. from D. of
4. Please inform the leader that we suggest she ________________her presentation for at
least a week.
A. postpone B. is postponing C. postpones D. will postpone
5. The suspect ___________________the detective’s accusation that he was involved with
organized crime.
A. denied B. declined C. exclaimed D. unclaimed
6. There is no need to bring anything to the exam; you will be provided _________________
all required materials.
A. to B. with C. for D. about
7. The class discussion was concluded _____________precisely 11:03 pm on November 27th.
A. near B. on C. at D. to
8. Dr. An is about to complete his research, the result of __________________he hopes to have
published in the newspaper by the end of this year.
A. whose B. it C. which D. that
9. My teacher Mr. Adam may not be the most ________________speaker but he always
succeeds in getting his point across.
A. elemental B. eloquent C. eclectic D. essential
10. Vietnam has the _________________of being one of the nation’s safest places to live in.
A. reputes B. reputed C. reputing D. reputation
11. Everyone __________________Mrs. Lien has opinion on the matter.
A. to B. but C. from D. for
12. Because he knew he was being observed, Tom had trouble _______________on his work.
A. concentrated B. concentrates C. concentrating D. concentration
13. The speech ____________________quite long, succeeded in holding the interest of the
audience from the beginning to end.
A. though B. needless C. factually D. however
14. They probably ___________________dinner by the time we get there.
A. had finished B. have finished C. will have finished D. will have been
finished
15. It should be understood that the ___________________of the belief is not something that
occurs overnight.
A. creativity B. creation C. creature D. creator
16. Of course, there have been negatively consequences, but ____________________the whole,
the development of the automobile has been of tremendous benefit to human kind.
A. at B. in C. to D. on
17. Hardly __________________surveyed expressed interest in either of the project offerings
being considered.
A. anyone B. no one C. those D. of those
18. While I was sitting outside the classroom yesterday, I overheard someone ______________
that your plan had been rejected, though I am not certain who it was I heard speaking.
A. say B. said C. to say D. had said
19. My teacher wishes to express her concern __________________the decision not to review
the safety procedures.
A. regard B. regarding C. regards D. regardless
20. We regret ____________________your course of the changes to the program earlier and
apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.
A. to inform B. not having informed C. not to inform D. the informing of
21. If she ___________________sick, she would have gone out with me to the meeting.
A. hasn’t been B. wasn’t C. weren’t D. hadn’t been
22. Prizes are awarded ___________________the number of points scored.
A. according to B. because of C. adding up D. resulting in
23. While southern area is densely populated ____________________live in the Northern part
of the country.
A. a number of people B. many people C. few people D. a few of people
24. The building has a smoke detector __________________any of fires can be detected
immediately.
A. so that B. if C. such as D. as if
25. It was announced that neither the passenger nor the driver ________________in the crash.
A. were injured B. are injured C. was injured D. have been injured
26. The two countries have reached an agreement through dialogues described as _________.
A. counterproductive B. unproductive
C. productivity D. productive
27. Jane persisted __________________her research for the truth about what had happened.
A. at B. about C. in D. on
28. Ensure there is at least a 3 cm space _________________allow adequate ventilation.
A. so as to B. so that C. in view of D. with a view to
29. Why don’t you ask the man where ____________________to stay?
A. he would rather B. he feels like C. would he like D. he would like
30. My car is getting unrealizable; I think I will trade it __________________for a new one.
A. off B. away C. in D. up
31. The old houses were __________________down to make way for a block of flats.
A. banged B. hit C. knocked D. put
32. ___________________that she burst into tears.
A. Her anger was such B. So angry she was
C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was
33. I hadn’t realized she was English _____________________she spoke.
A. until B. when C. only after D. in case
34. My father hasn’t had much ______________with my family since he moved to New York.
A. business B. contact C. meeting D. connection
35. Nowadays children would prefer history _________________in more practical ways.
A. be taught B. teach C. to be taught D. to teach
 36. Thuy: “Thank you for your present!” Tommy: “_______________________.”
A. in fact that is the gift B. I’m glad you like it
C. It’s your pleasure D. But do you know how much is costs?
37. He was _______________________speaker!
A. so good a B. what a good C. so a good D. how good a
38. I just took it ____________________that he’d always be available.
A. for granted B. into consideration C. easy D. into account
39. The case against the corruption scandal was ____________________.
A. discarded B. refused C. eliminated D. dismissed
40. She nearly lost her own life _______________attempting to save the child from drowning.
A. at B. with C. in D. for
II. Use the correct forms of the words given: (10pts)
Most people would regard chess and boxing as so different that they are almost
opposites: one relies on physical (1) strength (strong), courage and aggression, the other of
mental (2) concentration (concentrate) planning and tactics. But despite (or perhaps because
of) these (3) differences (different) a new sport has been invented which combines the two:
Chess-boxing. In a chess boxing match, the two (4) competitors (compete) take part in
alternating rounds of chess and boxing. The contest starts with a round of chess, followed by a
round of boxing, followed by another round of chess and so on, up to a maximum of eleven
rounds: six of chess and five of boxing. The rounds of chess are a minute (5) longer (long)
than the rounds of boxing. You achieve victory in a chess boxing match by (6) winning (win)
either the chess or the boxing. In the chess rounds, you can win by checkmate, or by your
opponent running out of time on the clock. In the boxing, you can win by a knock-out or by the
referee’s (7) decision (decide). If there is no winner at chess or boxing, the (8) player (play)
with the black chess pieces wins. Chess-boxing is a minority sport, but it is growing (9)
steadily (steady). The first world championship was held in Berlin in 2007 and was won by a
37 year-old-German policeman (10) named (name) Frank Stoldt thanks to a checkmate in the
chess in round seven.
III. Read the following passage and fill one blank with ONE appropriate word: (10pts)
It looks just (0) like an ordinary carrot, it tastes the (1) same too, but the
“supercarrot” is in fact the result of years of scientific work. And the scientists who developed
it claims that it is much healthier (2) than a normal carrot because it has been genetically
modified to contain high levels of calcium. Calcium is a necessary part of a healthy diet and is
mostly found in high-fat foods (3) like cheese. Supercarrots offer the chance to get plenty of
Calcium without eating too (4) much fat.
GM (genetically modified) food is a controversial topic, and many people claim that
(5) it is unnatural and even dangerous. Environmental groups often campaign against GM food
and (6) the/those/against scientists who are developing them. But it (7) is worth remembering
that GM food could perhaps bring major health benefits. In addition (8) to “supercarrot”
scientists are also working on a new kind of potato which makes much healthier chips and
crisps. This could cause a big reduction in rates of obesity and heart disease.
Probably the most significant new GM food is “golden rice” (9) which contains a lot
of Vitamin A. At present, more than a million people, mostly women and children die every
year in poorer regions of Africa and South East Asia and 500,000 go blind, because they do not
 get enough vitamin A. (10) if farmers in these regions grew “golden rice” instead of ordinary
rice, the effect on people’s health would be dramatic.

IV. Read the passage and put a cross on the letter of the correct words to use: (10pts)
While medical scientists are always on the lookout for new and deadly forms of the
influenza virus, a few psychologists (1)_____________________started to talk and write about
the dangers of a completely different kind of epidemic: affluenza. The word itself is a mixture
of “influenza” and “affluent” (2)_________________means wealthy or rich. It describes an
unhealthy obsession with money and material possessions.
British psychologist Oliver James (3)____________________has written two books
on the subject, defines affluenza as “placing a high value on money, possessions, appearances
and fame”. He believes that the condition is more common in English speaking countries
(4)___________________in other parts of the world. The reason for this, according to James,
is that the USA, Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada are more obsessed with making
money than other nations. This leads to stress and (5)___________________. In support of his
theory, James points (6)___________________that people in English speaking countries are
twice as likely to suffer mental health problems as people who live in mainland Europe.
Perhaps the most worrying aspect of affluenza is that it is starting to affect people at
younger and younger ages. Teenagers and (7)___________________young children, make
constant demands for possessions, and become genuinely unhappy if they do not have these
things (8)___________________for them. Some experts blame advertising in school;
(9)___________________think that Hollywood and TV shows are the cause. The only cure
seems to be for parents to spend time (10)____________________their children the value of
the other things in life, like friendship, charity and laughter.
1. A. will have B. have C. had D. were
2. A. who B. that C. where D. which
3. A. who B. that C. where D. which
4. A. that B. as C. for D. than
5. A. unhappy B. unhappily C. unhappier D. unhappiness
6. A. up B. to C. towards D. out
7. A. even B. every C. enough D. each
8. A. to buy B. buying C. buy D. bought
9. A. another B. others C. each other D. otherwise
10. A. teaching B. taught C. to teach D. teach
V. Read the following passage carefully, decide whether each of the statements below True or
False or Not mention: (10pts)
1. The hydrologic cycle is the transfer of water from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land
and back to the oceans. The processes involved include evaporation of water from ocean:
precipitation on land, evaporation from land, and runoff from streams, rivers and subsurface
groundwater. The hydrologic cycle is driven by solar energy which evaporates water from
oceans, freshwater bodies, and vegetation. Of the total 1.3 billion km water on earth, about
97% is in oceans, and about 2% is in glaciers and ice caps. The rest is in fresh water on land
and in the atmosphere. Although it represents only a small fraction of the water on Earth, the
water on land is important in moving chemicals, sculpturing landscape, weathering rocks,
transporting sediments, and providing our water resources. The water in the atmosphere – only
0.001% of the total earth – cycles quickly to produce rain and runoff for our resources.
2. Especially important from an environmental perspective is that rates of
transfer on land are small relative to what’s happening in the ocean. For
example, most of the water that elaborates from the ocean falls again as
precipitation into the ocean. On land, most of the water that falls as
precipitation comes from evaporation of water from land. This means that
regional land – use changes, such as the building of large dams and
reservoirs, can change the amount of water evaporated into the
atmosphere and change the location and amount of precipitation on land –
water we depend on to raise our crops and supply water for our urban
environments. Furthermore, as we pave over large areas of land in cities,
storm water runs off quicker and in greater volume, thereby increasing
flood hazards. Bringing water into semi arid cities by pumping groundwater
or transporting water from distant mountains through aqueducts may
increase evaporation, thereby increasing humidity and precipitation in a
region.
3. Approximately 60% of water that falls by precipitation on land each year
evaporates to the atmosphere. A smaller component (about 40%) returns to
the ocean surface and subsurface runoff. This small annual transfer of
water supplies resources for rivers and urban and agriculture lands.
Unfortunately, distribution of water on land is far from the uniform. As
human population increases, water shortages will become more frequent in
arid and semi acid regions where water is naturally non abundant.
4. At the regional and local level, the fundamental hydro logical unit of
landscape is the drainage. Basin (also called a water shed or catchments) A
drainage basin is the area that contributes surface runoff to a particular
stream or river. The term drainage basin is usually used in evaluating the
hydrology of an area, such as the stream flow or runoff from hill slopes.
Drainage basins vary greatly in size, from less than a hectare (2.5 acres) to
millions of square kilometers. A drainage basin is usually named for its
main stream or river, such as the Mississippi River drainage basin.
5. The main process in the cycle is the global transfer of water from the
atmosphere to the land and oceans and back to the atmosphere. Together,
the oceans, ice caps and glaciers account for more than 99% of the total
water, and both are generally unsuitable for human use because of salinity
(seawater) and location (ice caps and glaciers). Only about 0,001% of the
total water on earth is in the atmosphere at anyone time. However, this
relative small amount of water in the global water cycle, with an average
atmospheric residence time of only about 9 days produces all our fresh
water resources through the process of precipitation.
6. On global scale, then total water abundance is not the problem; the
problem is water’s availability in the right place at the right time in the right
form. Water can be found in either liquid, solid, or gaseous from at a
number of locations at or near Earth’s surface. Depending on the specific
location, the residence time may vary from the few days to many
 thousands of years. However as mentioned, more than 99% of Earth’s
water in its natural state is unavailable or unsuitable for beneficial human
use. Thus, the amount of water for which all the people, plants, and animals
on Earth compete is much less than 1% of the total.
7. As the world’s population and industrial production of goods increase,
the use of water will also accelerate. The world per capita use of water in
1975 was about 185,000 gal a year. And the total human use of water was
about 10/15 gal/year. Today world use of water is about 6000 which is a
significant fraction of the naturally available freshwater.
True False
1. Solar energy is the source of the power for the hydrologic cycle, which
begins by evaporating from plants, soil, oceans and freshwater source.
T
2. Hydrologic is the movement of water from fresh water bodies into the
oceans. F
3. Man-made-water resources cause changes in the pattern of rain fall in
the
immediate area. T
4. The rest in the passage refer to water. T
5. Fresh water is considered important because it is the large source of
water
on earth. F
6. Word “fundamental” is closest meaning to “basis”.
T
7. The Mississippi River is an example of drainage basin. T
8. Not less than 1% of the water can be used for human consumption.
F
9. Distribution of water where it is needed makes water is a problem.
T
10.World consumption is a small fraction of the naturally available fresh
water. F
VI. Complete the unfinished sentences in such a way that it means the same as the one above
it: (20pts)
1. My mother just had time to turn her bike before the dog came out.
No sooner had/did the dog come out than my mother had time to turn her bike.
2. She was sorry she hadn’t been to her mother’s birthday celebration.
She regretted not celebrating her mother’s birthday.
3. Jane tried her best to complete the course, so she passed it.
Because Jane tried her best to complete the course, she passed it.
4. Tim is a bad boy. He always forgets his mother’s birthday.
Tim never remembers his mother’s birthday (so he is a bad boy).
5. It is extremely difficult for me to draw with both hands at the same time.
I find it difficult to draw with both hands at the same time.
 6. We are going to her party next Sunday, but I won’t see her before there. (until)
I won’t see her until I go to her party next Sunday.
7. You may get thirsty on arrival, so take some bottles of natural water.
In case you get thirsty on arrival, take some bottles of natural water.
8. My father delayed paying for goods until he got them.
Only after my father got goods did he (begin to) pay for them.
9. Teachers have tried very hard to find the best methodology to help their students.
Enormous effort has been made by teachers to find the best methodology to help their
students.
10. It was wrong of you to think that you couldn’t do well on your example.
You oughtn’t to have thought that you couldn’t do well on your example.
VII. Ten out of eleven lines in the following passage contains one mistake. Underline 10
mistake words and correct them: (20pts)
Size zero
At the age of 22, Luisel Ramos was a top fashions model who spent 0.
fashion
her time to fly to many countries to take part in the shows. She followed 1.
flying
a strict diet of lettuce leaves and diet Coke. Once day the audience 2.
One
cheered as she walked down the catwalk to wear the latest fashions 3.
wearing
from some of the world’s top designers, but as she was returned 4.
returning
to her dressing room, she was collapsed and died. Doctors blamed 5.
not was
her died on her very low bodyweight and lack of essential nutrition . 6.
death
A month after her death, the Madrid Fashion Weak banned models 7.
Week
who were too thin from taking part, and Italy fashion designers also 8.
Italian
refused to use “size zero” models. People often blame the fashion 9.
_____________
industry for using unhealthy thin models, thereby encouraging girls 10.
unhealthily
to become obsessed with the weight, but perhaps the tragic dead 11.
death
of Luisel Ramos was a turning point. 12.
_____________
THE END OF THE TEST