Definition Of The Following Stability Key

Points And Their Respective

Formulas

Written Output Presented To

Chief Mate Marvic A.Francisco
Baliwag Maritime Academy
San Rafael, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement

For The Subject
Seamanship 4-A

by

1st Class LACANILAO, AMIEL A.

July 20, 2019
S3MT

1/C LACANILAO, AMIEL A.

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING STABILITY KEYPOINTS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE

FORMULA:

1. AP (After Perpendicular) - This is the vertical line of reference that

coincides with the after edge of the stern post, or, if no stern post, then the

turning axis of the rudder.

2. FP (Forward Perpendicular) - This is the vertical line of reference that

intersects summer load waterline at the forward edge of the stern when

the ship is on an even keel.

3. LBP (Length Between Perpendicular) - is the horizontal distance between

the forward and after perpendiculars. It is the length that is considered

when conducting trim calculations.

4. LWL – Waterline Length is the length of the ship or boat at the level where

it sits in the water.

5. LOA (Length Overall) – is the horizontal distance between the after most

part of the ship.

6. Amidship – is the point between the forward and after perpendiculars. It is

not the midpoint in the length of the ship.

7. Breadth – The moulded breadth is the distance between the outer faces of

the frames, while the registered breadth is measured between the outside

of the shell platting, see Lloyds Breadth.

8. Bilge – The turn of the hull below the waterline when the curve is sharp

the craft is said to be hard or sharp bilges. That part of the inside hull

about the keelson where the bilge water collects is called bilges.

9. BML - Is the height of the Longitudinal Metecentre above the center of

𝐼𝐿
buoyancy and is found for any shape of vessel by formula : 𝐵𝑀𝑙 = 𝑉

10. BMT - Transverse Metacentric Radius is the vertical distance between the
𝐼𝐿
center of buoyancy and the metacenter: 𝐵𝑀𝑡 = ∇

11. Cb (Block Coefficient) – the block coefficient (Cb) of a ship is the ratio of

the underwater volume of a ship of the circumscribing block.

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝐶𝑏 = 𝐿𝑥𝐵𝑥𝑑

12. Camber – The athwarthships crown of a vessel deck. It is usually ¼ inch

to the foot. A protected area for small boat.

13. F – Floatation according to Archimedes Principle states that the upward

buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid.

14. LCF – Longitudinal Centre of Flotation, this is at the geometric centre of

the ships water plane area and is the point abort which the ship will turn.

15. B – Center of Buoyancy of a ship is defined as at the geometric centre of

the underwater volume of the ship at a particular instant and is the point

through which the total buoyancy force considered to act vertically

upwards.

16. G (Center of Gravity) of a ship may be defined as being the point where

the total weight force (Wf) of the ship is considered to act vertically

downwards.
17. M ( Initial Traverse Metacentre (M) – is define as the point of intersection

of successive lines of action of buoyancy force when the ship is the initial

upright condition and subsequently heeled condition.

18. K - Keel the base line reference point from which all other reference point

measured are compared.

19. Depth – the depth by American Beauro of Shipping Rules is from the top

aft the keel to the top of the deck beam at the side of the freeboard deck.

20. Draught – is the distance from the keel to the waterline (Wl), as measured

at the forward ends of the ship.

21. W – the ships displacement

22. Displacement as volume – 𝑊 = 𝑣 𝑥 𝑝 , as measure at the forward and

aft ends of the ship.

23. Displacement as weight –

24. Deadweight – the carrying power of a vessel beyond her own weight.

25. Trim – is the difference in centimeters or meters between the forward and

aft draughts as measured at the fwd and aft perpendicular.