Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T.

Jarullah

Heat Source Systems

There are systems in which heat is generated internally, such as:
1- Electrical conductors
2- Nuclear reactors
3- Chemical reactors
4- Mechanical system (viscous source)

1- Plane Wall with Heat Sources

Consider the plane wall shown with uniformly distributed heat sources
as shown in the figure. The heat generated per unit volume is
·
The general equation is q

For one-dimensional, steady state with heat generation

d 2T q  d 2T q dT qx
dx 2

k
 0 
dx 2
 
k
 by  dx
  
k
 C1  by  

q x2
T   C1 X  C 2 (general solution)
2k

The both sides of the plane wall are subjected to a constant temperature Tw. The
Boundary conditions will be
2L

Tw Tw
By applying the boundary conditions above,
C1 = 0
‫واﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ‬ X= -L X=0 X=+L

q  L2 q  L2
TW    C 2  C 2  TW 
2k 2k
 2  2
q x q L
 T   TW 
2k 2k
 2  2
q L  x 
or T  TW  1    
2 k   L  

i.e
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

q  L2
Tmax  TW 
2k

q x 2
T   C1 X  C 2
2k

B.C.1 x  0, T  T1

B.C. 2 x  L, T  T2

From B.C.1, T1  C2
q  L2
From B.C.2, T2    C1L  C2
2k
By sub. C2, we get
q  L2
T2    C1L  T1 
2k
(T  T ) q  L
C1  2 1 
L 2k

2- Radial Systems with Heat Sources

A) For Solid Cylinder with Heat Source.

Consider a cylinder of radius R with uniformly distributed heat sources. The general heat
conduction equation in cylindrical coordinate is

For one dimensional steady-state with heat generation

The boundary conditions are

B.C. 1 at r = 0 dT/dr = 0

B.C. 2 at r = R T = TW
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

Since

Subs. in eq. above, we get

d  dT  rq  d  dT  rq  dT q r 2
r  0  r   by   r   C1 
dr  dr  k dr  dr  k dr 2k

dT q  r C1
   by  
dr 2k r

(general solution)

From B.C. 1, C1 = 0,

From B.C. 2,
qR2 q R2
TW    C 2  C 2  TW 
4k 4k
 2  2
q r q R
T   TW 
4k 4k

or 2
q  R 2   r  

T  TW  1  
4 k   R  


The maximum temperature at the centre, i.e at r = 0,

q R2
Tmax  TW 
4k

b) For a Hollow Cylinder with Heat Source. T0

The boundary conditions are: r0

Ti
ri

The general solution is

From B.C.1,
q  r0 q  r0
T0    C1 ln r0  C 2  C 2  T0   C1 ln r0
4k 4k
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

q 2 r
 T (r0  r 2 )  C1 ln  T0
4k r0
or

q 2 r
T  T0  (r0  r 2 )  C1 ln
4k r0

From B.C.2,
q 2 2 r
Ti  T0  (r0  ri )  C1 ln i 
4k r0

The temp. at r = 0 (at the center) is given by

q
T0   TW
4K
Heat Transfer Third Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah