Q1.

Is, the double reflection phenomena possible when light allowed the crystal along the optic
axis?

Ans. No, o-ray and e-ray same velocity along the optic axis.

Q2. Often fingerprints left on a piece of glass such as a window pane show colored spectra like
that from a diffraction grating. Why?
Sol.2 The skin on the tip of a finger has a series of closely spaced ridges and swirls on it. When
the finger touches a smooth surface, the oils from the skin will be deposited on the surface
in the pattern of the closely spaced ridges. The clear spaces between the lines of deposited
oil can serve as the slits in a crude diffraction grating and produce a colored spectrum of
the light passing through or reflecting from the glass surface.

Q3. The angle of incidence of a light beam in air onto a reflecting surface is continuously
variable. The reflected ray is found to be completely polarized when the angle of incidence
is48.0°. (a) What is the index of refraction of the reflecting material? (b) If some of the
incident light (at an angle of 48°) passes into the material below the surface, what is the
angle of refraction?

Sol.3.
(a) From Brewster’s law, the index of refraction is

(b) From Snell’s law,

When

Note that when , as it should.

Q4. A soap film of refractive index and of thickness is illuminated by white

light incident at an angle of .The light reflected by it is examined by a spectroscope in

which is found a dark band corresponding to a wavelength of . Calculate the

order of interference of the dark band.

Sol. 4

Or,

Hence the order,

Q5. In a Newton’s ring arrangement, if a plano-convex lens of radius is placed on an
optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by monochromatic light .The diameter of the

dark ring in the transmitted system is Calculate the wavelength of light used.

Sol.5. For the transmitted system

Or

Q6 In Fraunhofer diffraction due to a narrow slit a screen is placed 2m away from the lens to
obtain the pattern .If the slit width is 0.2mm and the first minima lie 5mm on either side of
the central maxima, find the wavelength of light.

Sol. 6

So =
 cm

Q6 Deduce the missing order of the double slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern if the slit width
are 0.16mm and they are 0.8mm apart.

Sol.6. The direction of interference maxima are given by the eq.

The direction of diffraction minima are given by

For etc.

etc.

Thus the order 6, 12,18etc. of the interference maxima will be missing in the diffraction pattern.

Q7. What is the highest order spectrum, which may be seen with monochromatic light of
wavelength by means of a diffraction grating with 5000 lines/cm.

Sol.7. Here
The maximum possible value of

Here cm

So,

The highest order of spectrum that can be seen is 3.

Q8. In a plane transmission grating the angle of diffraction for the second order principal
maxima for wavelength cm is . Calculate the number of lines in one cm of
the grating surface.

Sol.8.

cm

Number of lines per cm=N’

Q.9 What should be the minimum number of lines in a grating which will just resolve in the
second order the lines whose wavelength are and .

Sol.9. Resolving power

Approximately.

Q10. Calculate the minimum number of lines per cm in a 2.5 cm wide grating which will just
resolve the sodium lines ( and in the second order spectrum.

Sol.10. Let the total number of lines required on the grating be N.

Number of lines per cm