Name: Kapun Kumar Nayak

Roll: 32104
ME 3rd year Design and manufacture
Both 1st and 2nd internal
1. Ans:

In an industry , I want to go with the Me-too Ansoff & Stewart's new product strategies. If we go
through Me-too, we don't need any research and development. In its pure form this strategy means
copying the designs from others, buying or leasing the necessary technology and then
concentrating on being the absolute minimum cost producer. The firm following will try to
maintain the lowest possible overhead expenses. For the non-technical people it is easy to develop
the product by copying and without doing any research. Through this strategy the established
product is copied and supplied to the market. Though there is no any addition of components and
function on the product, the product get good market value.

Eg:

i. Samsung mobile company develops mobile which is similar to Apple company.

Samsung Galaxy line are from the Apple series.
ii. Pulsar series of Bajaj
Pulsar 180 series is similar to pulsar 150 .

2. Ans:

Company name: Unilever Limited- Pepsodent

Products: Oral gel (Toothpaste)
Reason of Reliability:
a) The products use the natural material for its manufacture.
b) The products give the feel of nature and freshness after it is use as it is made from herbal
extracts etc
c) The company use the raw materials and herbal plant for their manufacture.
Result of Reliability:
As the company manufacture the minerals and herbal products too.
a. The company is the fastest growing company.
b. The company revenues was 5.3 billion in fiscal year 2015-2016.
c. As the company has also participation in herbal products, it gains it market position is Asian
country.

3. Ans:

The three main Deming's princple are as follows:

i. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and
productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.

There is a need for constant improvement in test methods and for a better understanding of how
the customer uses and misuses a product. In the past, American companies have often worried
about meeting specifications, while the Japanese have worried about uniformity, i.e., reducing
variation about the nominal value. Continual process improvement can take many forms. For
example, never-ending improvement in the manufacturing process means that work must be done
continually with suppliers to improve their processes. It is important to note that, like depending
on inspection, putting out fires is not a process improvement.

ii. Eliminate work standards (quotas) on the factory floor. Substitute leadership.

Never-ending improvement is incompatible with a quota. Work standards, incentive pay, rates,
and piecework are manifestations of management’s lack of understanding, which leads to
inappropriate supervision. Pride of workmanship needs to be encouraged, while the quota system
needs to be eliminated. Whenever work standards are replaced with leadership, quality and
productivity increase substantially, and people are happier on their jobs.
iii. Improve constantly and forever the system of production and service, to improve quality and
productivity, and thus constantly decrease costs.

There is a need for constant improvement in test methods and for a better understanding of how
the customer uses and misuses a product. In the past, American companies have often worried
about meeting specifications, while the Japanese have worried about uniformity, i.e., reducing
variation about the nominal value. Continual process improvement can take many forms. For
example, never-ending improvement in the manufacturing process means that work must be done
continually with suppliers to improve their processes. It is important to note that, like depending
on inspection, putting out fires is not a process improvement.

4. Ans

Lean manufacturing is focused on getting the right things, to the right place, at the right time, in
the right quantity to achieve perfect work flow while minimizing waste and being flexible and able
to change. Lean is a philosophy that seeks to eliminate waste in all aspects of a firm’s production
activities: human relations, vendor relations, technology, and the management of materials and
inventory. Lean is principally associated with manufacturing industries but can be equally
applicable to both service and administration processes. Currently it is also being adopted by the
food manufacturing and meat processing sectors.It’s not a new phenomenon, Japanese auto
manufacturers have been developing Lean for over 50 years.

The main principles of lean manufacturing are zero waiting time, zero inventory, internal customer
pull instead of push, reduced batch sizes, and reduced process times.Lean manufacturing approach
would provide a huge benefit for SMEs if adopted in their production facilities. The lean principles
search through all the production activities and even the supply chain of raw materials and finished
goods to identify and eliminate nonvalue added activities such as overproduction.
5. Ans:

RFP stands for Request for Proposal which is received from a potential vendor. The successful
project driven organization is continuously identifying new business opportunities areas of
technology or types of activity where attractive projects are likely to be funded. The firm estimates
the resources and capabilities that will be needed to meet expected future needs of potential
customers, compares them with the resources they have on hand, then proceeds in advance.
Creating winning proposals is an expensive, time consuming process that should only be begun on
potential projects the firm believes fit their need and for which they feel they have reasonable
possibility of capture; other should be declined to permit concentrating on the best opportunities.
If the bid decision is favorable, successful firms will try to get an early start on developing a
response to their best estimate of what the RFP will ask for. In many aerospace project
opportunities, the firm that until they have an RFP in hand before evaluating it and starting on a
proposal has little chance to capture the award.

6. Ans:

A company organization structure that combines many of the advantages of both functional and
projectized management is the matrix management structure. In this system, the person assigned
responsibility for a specific functional specialty on a specific project is accountable in two
dimensions, reporting to both functional and project managers. This "two boss" reporting
relationship defines the "unity of command" management principle articulated by Henri Fayol and
indeed, by most early management scholars. This leads to conflict unless the nature of these two
reporting relationships is clearly understood. Matrix structure simplified to show only one of many
functional managers and one of several projects, helps explain the nature of these relationship and
the benefit of the matrix organization.

Conflict management

One obvious method of resolving conflict between two individual is to appeal the matter up the
chain of command to the level having authority over both individuals and in some cases this will
be necessary. Blake and Mouton identify five methods for dealing with conflict:
1. Withdrawal, or retreat from actual or potential conflict
2. Forcing one's viewpoint at the potential expenses of the other party.
3. Smoothing, or emphasizing the points of agreement and deemphasizing areas of conflict.
4. Compromising or negotiating, in which each party must give up something but each walks
away partly satisfied
5. Confronting or problem solving, in which the parties focus on the issues, consider alternatives,
and look for the best overall solution.