GRD Journals- Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | Volume 4 | Issue 8 | July 2019

ISSN: 2455-5703

Conceptual Design of Vertical Axis Wind

Turbine and Moulding through Fiberglass
T. Murali Lijo Joy
Assistant Professor PG Student
Department of Automobile Engineering Department of Automobile Engineering
The Kavery College of Engineering, Salem The Kavery College of Engineering, Salem

S. Perumal S. Sasidharan
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Muthayammal Engineering College, Namakkal, India Muthayammal Engineering College, Namakkal, India

Abstract
From the past decades it’s quite interesting that the investigation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and its characteristics of modeling
made traumatic changes in manufacturing process of wind turbines. The key interest in wind energy harvesting in offshore as well
as in the urban regions, Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) have recently received keen interest. Due to their combining form
in all direction characterized the experience to build particular model while their low installation cost makes them highly suitable
for offshore wind farms. As comparing with Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) they required further performance
optimization to comparatively gain higher power coefficient (Cp). This can be attributed both to the complexity of the flow around
VAWTs and the significantly smaller amount of research they have received. The potential parameters like design, mechanism
and system arrangement is to enhance the performance of VAWTs. The current study investigates the variations in loads and
moments on the turbine as well as the experienced angle of attack; shed vorticity and boundary layer events (leading edge and
trailing edge separation, laminar-to- turbulent transition) as a function of potential parameters using Fundamental / Finite Element
Analysis (FEA) calculations. XDirect analysis start from -10 degree to 20 degree in delta 0.5 degree increment are investigated
using steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS- 1000000) of fixed speed cl/cd calculations, referencing HAWT, while
simulation is modelled with the transition LLT model. The results show that with laps number of timestpes in Cp can be achieved
using potential parameters. Additionally, it is found that a change in chords and radius; shifts instantaneous loads and moments
between upwind and downwind halves of the turbine. The shift in instantaneous moment during the revolution for various potential
parameters suggests that dynamic rotation might be a very promising approach for further performance optimization.
Keywords- Conceptual Design, Fiber Glass, Wind Turbine

I. INTRODUCTION
In the history of mankind, wind energy has played a crucial role. Among the other sources of energy, wind energy was hard to
seed it out during past days. These so called wind mills are of the horizontal axis design and were also used for pumping water,
grinding grains and later for sawing woods etc. Using aerodynamic shaped blades the wind energy from the atmosphere is
converted to kinetic energy by the turbine which further used for the several purpose. Since, it is quite fair to state that Renewable
Energy technologies are one of the most demanding disciplines on account now a days the broad range of competences, the
manufactures and implementers call to from the design engineers team to design process, an excellent example is provided by the
NIWE, India, in present stage where mechanical engineer and electrical engineer work together to solved the problems in the
design of a wind turbines and its parameters. With populations increasing exponentially and our natural resources being strained
by increases in demand, it is more important than ever to invest in Renewable Energy, our consumption of fossil fuels as energy
has been traced to be a leading cause in environmental issues and at the stage of varnishing from the earth. The by- products of
fossil fuels such are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and so many toxic gases which have been named to be a primary constituent
leading to Global Warming and depletion of many living species. As more attention was put on the environmental issues the
fundamental bodies are putting much pressure in developing eco-friendly energy recourses thus the development of eco-friendly
energy such as wind energy, solar energy and tidal energy etc. are becoming more challenging day by day. The goal of this project
is to create a vertical axis wind turbine capable of producing electricity in a residential setting. The project will focus on creating
a vertical-axis wind turbine that is simple to manufacture while at the same time highly efficient and cost effective.

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 Conceptual Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Moulding through Fiberglass
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 8 / 001)

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

F L Matthews, G A O Davies, D Hitchings, and C Souti, 2003 (1); “Finite element modelling of composite materials and structures”
In this study The Centre for Composite Materials at Imperial College has for many years organised a series of training courses on
various aspects of composite materials. In 1996, recognising the increasing interest in structural analysis, a new course on 'Finite
Element Analysis of Composites' was launched. The course was given jointly by the Centre and the Department of Aeronautics,
and supported by EPSRC as an MSc level module. Louis Angelo Danao, 2013 (2) "The Performance of a Vertical Axis Wind
Turbine in Fluctuating Wind - A Numerical Study". In this study the CFD simulations of VAWT operation in unsteady wind
conditions have been conducted. Validation of the numerical model was carried out by comparison to experimental data of a wind
tunnel scale rotor. Balakrishna Moorthy C, 2015 (3) “Investigations on Wind Resource Assessment and Wind Farm Layout Using
Hybrid Algorithms and Simulation Tools” In this thesis, the accuracy of the technique is established with respect to actually
recorded growth in installed capacity, in terms of RMSE of prediction. It is confirmed that accuracy of prediction depends on
volume of recorded data input. Next, use of genetic algorithm in obtaining optimum values of shape (k) and scale parameters (c),
required for defining characteristic Weibull probabilistic distribution function at an existing wind farm site in Tamil Nadu, a
southern state of India, is demonstrated Sikandar Yadav, MD. 2016 (4) “Mechanical and Sliding Wear Behaviour of E-GLASS
Fiber Reinforced with EPOXY Composites” In this study due to increasing demand and widespread application of FRPs
composites, they have been used in a variety of application like aerospace, automotive, sports, ships and constructional work.
Because of their several advantages such as relatively low cost of production light weight, easy to fabricate and superior strength
to weight ratio. In the present work E-glass fibre is used as reinforcing agent with and without alumina filler. Esmael Adem, , 2015
(5) “Tribological Behaviour of E-Glass -/Epoxy & E-Glass /polyester Composites for Automotive Body Application” Experimental
characterization of the mechanical properties of E-glass/Epoxy & E- glass/Polyester composite was conducted. The objectives of
this paper is to present processing techniques of specimen preparation, conducting experiment to obtain mechanical properties and
conduct experimental observation using SEM to know in homogeneity, porosity and fracture behavior. Sudhir S Mathapati, (6)
“Testing and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites” In this study teaches
composites are an important class of materials available to mankind. Studies of these composites are plays a very important role
in material science, metallurgy, chemistry, solid mechanics and engineering applications. Murali.T 2016 (7) In this project a six
legged walking robot inspired by human locomotion is discussed. To implement the walking pattern of humans a four bar linkage
based coupler curve is generated for the structure and its performance is analysed. Two servo motors are used for each leg of the
robot the for turning and the other motor for achieving like human walking pattern.

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

A. Aerodynamics of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

One of the main advantages of Vertical Axis Wind turbine is that it does not have to be turned to the direction of the wind therefore
it can operate near the ground where flow is more turbulent. As a result of the design wing profiles are facing the direction with
the relatively high angle of attack which vary a function of the azimuth angle the turbine and the function of Tip Speed Ratio. The
latter was proved by Ertem S. And influence attack angle less with higher Tip Speed Ratio (16). Figure 1. Relation to azimuth
angle is explained by analysing calculated and experiment obtained value of angle of attack in reference frame for azimuth angle
with respect to direction of wind explained.

Fig. 1: Aerofoil profile data x and y direction points and Velocity vector for rotating Blade (16)

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 Conceptual Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Moulding through Fiberglass
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 8 / 001)

B. Central Mounting Mechanism for Cenkutt CVX v0.6

The stator or generator containing the copper coil is mounted directly onto the Hub Head to the Top Neck Movable Shaft using a
series of UCP and ratchet coupling bearing as shown in Figure 2. By attaching the stator to the shaft it can be serviced or adjusted
by maintaining the air gape since in order to transmit electrical generated by the turbine only biosphere able to directly down the
shaft about simplified the generator design and made the overall turbine more asymmetrical pleasing.

Fig. 2: Stator and Rotor for Cenkutt CVX v0.6 arrangements for Cenkutt CVX v0.6 and Shaft along with its parts

A bearing connected to the rotor will provide with the rotational freedom and axle support by preventing contact between
any rotating and stationary compound the rotor plate are connected by a series of bolt. The core less axial flux design was adopted
using two rotor plate and two stators. Each rotor system contains 8 Magnets and stators was made with6 coil with each 2 terminal.
The choice of 6 coil and 8 magnets was decided using the expression. Consider nominal frequency of 2 oscillations and the
rotational speed 3 oscillations per minutes ρ =±28.8 Kg/m3.
However the size of the rotor and stator basically can be design available magnets in market for this prototype design
magnetic field in the coil using 18 gauges SWG of 0.33Ω. Initially rotor and stator concept were sketched as shown in Figure 3
below Additional area was allowed for keeping the magnet system in the rotor. The magnetic disc fixed using screw to secure
during high speed rotation. The central mounting mechanism serves two main functions to support the turbine blade and hubs and
is arms.

Fig. 3: Magnetic field FEMM 4.2 and Stator and Rotor for Cenkutt CVX v0.6 arrangements for Cenkutt CVX v0.6 and Shaft along with its
parts

Initial conception of vertical Axis wind turbine one shown in figure did not account for the generator or stator, concept
for that central mountain mechanism in shown in figure below and the sketch outlines the main characteristics.
However this support arm be attached to the router by insert bolts of the radius 5mm to the turbine is almost 270mm
diameter and variable system an early 350 mm manually adjust it angle blade design was preferred it was important to minimise
the radius of the rotor in order to reduce production cost this would result in extremely variable support arms to the wind turbine

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 Conceptual Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Moulding through Fiberglass
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 8 / 001)

to hold extremely long and stiff to support the weight of the fibre blades A CAD model for the final design is shown in Figure 4
all dimension and Technical drawing are provided in the drawing section.

Fig. 4: CAD model for Cenkutt CVX v0.6 support arms mechanism (20)

C. Conceive using software's for Cenkutt CVX v0.6

The software Q-Blade, JavaFoil, and FEMM 4.2 etc. are open source framework as well Midas NFX, is a finite element analysis
for the simulation software and for design NX Cad being used for wind turbines and characteristic formation in theoretical. The
required outputs were obtained using such open source framework for detail and simple study. QBlade utilizes the Blade Element
Momentum (BEM) method for the simulation of horizontal axis-and a Double Multiple Stream tube (DMS) algorithm for the
simulation of vertical axis wind turbine performance. There are two different methods available. The Q-Blade HAWT and VAWT
modules both consists of sub-modules,
 Blade design and optimization.
 Turbine simulation.
JavaFoil is a relatively simple program, which uses several traditional methods for the analysis of airfoils in subsonic
flow. FEMM is a suite of programs for solving low frequency electromagnetic problems on two-dimensional planar and
axisymmetric domains. The program currently addresses linear/nonlinear magneto static problems, linear/nonlinear time harmonic
magnetic problems, linear electrostatic problems, and steady-state heat flow problems. As per the requirements to determine the
power output using QBlade software, based on condition the input data above calculation being used. By this, the turbine simulation
is done with selection of airfoil, dimensions of blade, type of blade, wind speed. The airfoil NACA 0018 and 0018-73 selected
have been optimized using another software called JavaFoil © 2001-2017 created by Martin Hepperle as shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 4: Arrangement between 22.5⁰ angle of attack and 90⁰ angle of attack above Cp gets decreases and Turbine Simulation

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 Conceptual Design of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine and Moulding through Fiberglass
(GRDJE/ Volume 4 / Issue 8 / 001)

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

08_Iteration 0018-73
From Data’s Chord length (cm) Radius (cm) Height (cm) TSR Cp Max.
1 10 27 90 6.5 0.495661
2 10 27 90 6 0.493672
3 10 27 90 7 0.491109
Table 1: Result Iteration
The concept of the designing parameters is same as in TSR vs. Cp sorted for obtain max. Cp value in phase I, thus on simulating
the data‟s and sorting the iteration we obtain following output for C p maximum as shown in the table 5 above, Iteration No.08
conceptual design output data using QBlade.
Considering the table above,
 On increasing chord and fixing angle Cp value gets decrease.
 On varying height at different iteration Cp maximum remain constant at equal chord length and gets decrease on varying chord
length with constant Cp maximum.
 On varying height Cp maximum doesn‟t show any variations.
Thus from the above table considering the parameters Iteration No. (08) Data 1 is good design. Since, Cp value is getting
similar for other higher dimensional parameter and considering its manufacturing cost and all over expense they are neglected.
Here in this phase ii design parameter being turned to prototype model for display.

V. CONCLUSION
Since, we know modern generation focusing on bringing the theoretical knowledge to practical knowledge in the field of wind
turbine research through it is noticed that the new interest in Vertical Axis wind turbines (VAWT) increasing. One reason is their
ability to capture wind from all directions, which can be used in urban areas because wind direction cannot be found due to
numerous barriers such as buildings, trees, advertisement screen etc. However, the installation of small-scale VAWT‟s on the top
of large building, mobile towers, trees, road side electric post, road highway signals post and even sides of railway lines-signal
post etc. is a new idea to support the production of clean energy in urbanized areas. Another approach is the development of huge
vertical offshore applications. The rotation of a VAWT‟s blade that passes its own result during the revolution arise new problems
in the simulation and power analysis study since today. The consideration of the circular path of the blade and the energy extraction
in two steps (upstream of the rotational axis and downstream of the rotational axis) and will be the subject of a subsequent study
with representation of several prototype and its physical test.

REFERENCES
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Publishing, Cambridge CB1 6AH, England https://doi.org/10.1201/97814398 22807.
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Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering Volume: 03, WCE, London, U.K https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62493.
[3] C. Balakrishna Moorthy (2015), „Investigations on Wind Resource Assessment and Wind Farm Layout Using Hybrid Algorithms and Simulation Tools‟,
Thesis of Doctor Of Philosophy, Birla Institute Of Technology And Science, Pilani https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.156 (Revised version).
[4] Y. Sikandar, M. D. H. Zyaoul, K. Sunil, and Sandeep. (2016), „Mechanical and Sliding Wear Behaviour of E-GLASS Fiber Reinforced with EPOXY
Composites‟, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 03 Issue: 05 https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62493.
[5] A. Esmael, and P. Prabhu (2015), „Tribological Behaviour of E-Glass /Epoxy & E-Glass /polyester Composites for Automotive Body Application‟
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Volume-4, Issue-10, pp- 08-17.
[6] S. M. Sudhir, and S. M. Shivukumar. (2015), „Testing and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of E- Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites‟,
International Journal of Research and Innovations in Science and Technology, Volume 2: Issue 1.
[7] Kumar, K. S., Perumal, S., Mohan, R., & Kalidoss, K. (2016). Numerical Analysis of Triple Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger using Dimpled Tube Geometry.
Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(8), 2078-2088.
[8] Murali, T., Perumal, S., Mohan, R., & Palanisamy, P. (2016). Design and Synthesis of Six Legged Walking Robot Using Single Degree of Freedom Linkage.
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 2(3).

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