LEVEL OF AWARENESS IN ASEAN INTEGRATION

IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEON B. POSTIGO

ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

MARIA LUZ D. APOLINARIO

WILMAR D. APOLINARIO
HELEN B. INILOG

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Education

Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Tampilisan Campus in Partial
fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

May, 2017
 Republic of the Philippines
JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
TAMPILISAN CAMPUS
Znac, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate Thesis entitled “LEVEL OF AWARENESS IN ASEAN

INTEGRATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEON B. POSTIGO,
ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE” prepared and submitted by MARIA LUZ D.
APOLINARIO, WILMAR D. APOLINARIO and HELEN B. INILOG, in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of Elementary Education has been
accepted and is recommended for acceptance and approval.

AIDA V. RIGOR
Adviser
Date Signed:_________________

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the rating of Passed.

RONA JANE C. TURTOGO GEMARIE E. BAQUILLER

Statistician Proof reader
Date Signed:___________________ Date Signed:__________________

NESTHY C. ICALINA ELMIRA C. RODRIGUEZ

Secretary, CED Research Committee Chairman, BEED Department
Date Signed:___________________ Date Signed:__________________

Accepted and approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
BACHELOR OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.

DANA FAYE T. SALUNDAGUIT, Ed. D. JOSEPHINE A. SUBONG, Ed. D.

Dean, College of Education/ Research Chairman Campus Administrator
Date Signed:___________________ Date Signed:___________________

Research Project No.:____________________

Date of Completion: ____________________

ii
 Dedication

To our Almighty Father, we want to thank You for lighting and guiding our

path to success. To our dearest parents, relatives, friends,

for the unending support and motivation for us to move

forward and make our work possible, this humble

piece of work is wholeheartedly

dedicated to all of you.

iii
 Acknowledgment

The researchers would like to express their grateful thanks to our Divine Creator

who is the source of wisdom and knowledge in making this work a very successful one.

With deep sense of gratitude, the researchers wish to express their special thanks to the

following individuals whose expertise contributed to the enrichment of this manuscript.

Dr. Josephine A. Subong, Campus Administrator, at the same time Dean of

Academic Instruction, for the approval of the manuscript;

Dr. Dana Faye T. Salundaguit, Dean of College of Education at the same time

Research chairman of the College of Education for the guidance suggestion,

encouragement, enthusiastic act for them to continually do their works;

Prof. Aida V. Rigor, Adviser, for unselfishly devoting her time despite the hectic

schedule she had, who generously supplied valuable information, proper guidance and

supervision during the conduct of the study. Furthermore, for making herself available

day and night in answering their inquires;

Prof. Rona Jane C. Turtogo, our Statistician, for her effort and assistance and

valuable correction in the Statistical design and presentation of data;

Prof. Gemarie E. Baquiller, our Proofreader for the suggestions and priceless

effort in correcting our manuscript;

Prof. Chorla Q. Napigkit, the panel member, for the evaluable suggestions for

the improvement of this work.

To all the members of the Research and Examining Committee who patiently

cooperate in making this tedious work a success.

iv
 Million of thanks to our loving parents; Mr. Wilson D. Apolinario and Mrs.

Marciana D. Apolinario, and Mrs. Angelita B. Inilog, for their endless support morally

and financially beyond circumstances inspite of their mistakes, trials and nothingness.

Special thanks is also extended to their brothers, sisters, relatives, friends and boardmates

for their concerns inspiration and encouragement.

An endless thanks to the stakeholders of Municipality of Leon B. Postigo, who

serve as their respondents of the study. Most especially the barangay captains who

allowed us to conduct our research study in their respective barangays. Without them,

this research will not be successful.

The researchers convey their sincerest thanks and indebtedness to Mr. Reymond

P. Sumaylo, for patiently encoding our manuscript.

To all the people behind the realization and success, they pray that God will

shower his infinite blessings as a reward for all the given deeds they have done.

Thank you so much.

The Researchers

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………. ii
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………… iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………… iv
LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………………….. viii
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………………… xi
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………... xii

CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1

Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1

Background of the Study…………………………………………………… 2

Theoritical Framework of the Study……………………………………….. 3

Conceptual Framework of the Study……………………………………….. 4

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………… 5

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………… 6

Scope and Delimitation of the Study……………………………………….. 7

Definition of terms…………………………………………………………. 7

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9

Related Literature…………………………………………………………... 9
Related Studies……………………………………………………………... 13

vi
CHAPTER PAGE

III METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH…………………………………. 18

Research method Used……………………………………………………… 18
Research Setting……………………………………………………………. 18
Respondents of the Study…………………………………………………… 20
Research Instrument………………………………………………………... 21
Validation of the Instrument……………………………………………….. 21
Data gathering Procedure…………………………………………………… 22
Statistical Treatment ………………………………………………………. 23

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA……………………………………….. 24

V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………… 60
Summary…………………………………………………………………… 60
Significant Findings………………………………………………………… 61
Conclusion………………………………………………………………….. 62
Recommendations…………………………………………………………... 62
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………... 64
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………… 68
CURRICULUM VITAE…………………………………………………… 91

vii
 LIST OF FIGURE
FIGURE PAGE

1 Conceptual Framework of the study 4

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Respondents of the Study 21

2 Level of Awareness on the Establishment of ASEAN Integration 25

2a Level of Awareness on the Establishment of ASEAN Integration 26

According to Age

2b Level of Awareness on the Establishment of ASEAN Integration

According to Educational Background 28

2c Level of Awareness on the Establishment of ASEAN Integration 31

According to Occupation

2d Level of Awareness on the Establishment of ASEAN Integration

According to Sex 32

3 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 34

3a Level of Awareness on the ASEAN Economy Community According 35

to Age

3b Level of Awareness on the ASEAN Economic Community According

to Educational Background 38

3c Level of Awareness on the ASEAN Economic Community According

to Educational Background 39

3d Level of Awareness on the ASEAN Economic Community According

to Sex 41

4 Benefits of ASEAN Integration 42

4a Level of Awareness on the Benefits of ASEAN Integration According

to Age 44

4b Level of Awareness on the Benefits of ASEAN Integration According

to Educational Background 46
4c Level of Awareness on the benefits of ASEAN Integration According
to Occupation 47

ix
4d Level of Awareness on the Benefits of ASEAN Integration According
to Sex 49

5 Kruskal Wallis Test in Determining the Significant Difference on the

Level of Awareness of the Respondents in the Establishment of
ASEAN Integration 52

6 T – Test In Determining the Significant Difference on the Level of

Awareness about Establishment of ASEAN Integration according to
Sex 53

7 Kruskal Wallis Test in Determining the Significant Difference on the

Level of Awareness of the Respondents in the ASEAN Economic
Community 55

8 T – Test In Determining the Significant Difference on the Level of

Awareness about ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) according to
Sex 56

9 Kruskal Wallis Test in Determining the Significant Difference on the

Level of Awareness of the Respondents on the Benefits of ASEAN
Integration 58

10 T – Test In Determining the Significant Difference on the Level of

Awareness about Benefits of ASEAN according to Sex 59

x
 LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX PAGE

A Letter of Permission 69
B Questionnaire Checklist 75
C Profile of the Respondents 81
D Post Hoc Test 83
E Curriculum Vitae 91

xi
 ABSTRACT

WILMAR D. APOLINARIO, MARIA LUZ D. APOLINARIO, HELEN B.

INILOG. Undergraduate BS Thesis, Jose Rizal Memorial State University – Tampilisan

Campus, Znac, Tampilisan, Zamboanga del Norte June 2017 “LEVEL OF

AWARENESS IN ASEAN INTEGRATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEON

B. POSTIGO ZAMNOANGA DEL NORTE.”

Adviser: AIDA V. RIGOR

The study employed the descriptive-survey method of research to determine the

level of awareness in ASEAN integration in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo. The

research locale of the study were randomly selected. These are Brgy. Poblacion, Brgy.

Sta. Maria, Brgy, Manil, Brgy. Bogabongan and Brgy. Delusom.

Out of 12,117 total population, there were 486 respondents who participated in

study in order to determine the level of awareness in ASEAN integration in the

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo, Zamboanga del Norte.

The statistical tools used in this study were the frequency count and weighted

mean in the profile and level of awareness of the respondents while Kruskal Wallis Test

and T-test was used to test the significant difference between the level of awareness

according to profile (age, educational background, occupation, and sex).

It was found out that most of the respondents were in age ranging 31-40 with a

frequency of 187 or 38.48. The educational background of the respondents was mostly in

high school level with a frequency of 164 or 33.74%. It was further revealed that the

occupation of the respondents was housekeeping because females were dominant in

xii
numbers than male in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo. The level of awareness in

ASEAN integration in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo in terms of establishment of

ASEAN integration, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and benefits of ASEAN

integration were all described as least aware.

Furthermore, there is a significant difference between the level of awareness on

ASEAN Integration when respondents were group according to profile (age, educational

background, occupation, and sex) and the level of awareness of the respondents from

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo was classified as “Highly Significant” in terms of

Establishment of ASEAN Integration, ASEAN Economic (AEC), and Benefits of

ASEAN Integration.

xiii
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

The three pillars (ASEAN Political Security Community, ASEAN Economic

Community, and ASEAN Socio Cultural Community) are the most crucial areas deemed

necessary for the progress and evolution of ASEAN and its peoples. These three

communities have been carefully formulated to detail specific strategic objectives and

actions which intend to achieve progress and positive development in the respective areas

(Keng, 2009).

As human rights encompass the principles of non- discrimination, equity, justice

and human dignity, it is therefore logical that human rights are directly or indirectly

pertinent to the ASEAN Community. Human rights have much fewer mentions in the

ASEAN Economic Community than the other two pillars, nevertheless, human rights are

at the heart of the ASEAN Economic Community (ASEAN Secretariat. 2014).

The importance of human rights in the building of the ASEAN Community is

enhancing people’s participation and people-oriented ASEAN so that every sector of the

society can benefit from the process of ASEAN integration and community building.

This dynamic is driven by the countries being involved in a growing number of

agreements on trade, investment and economic partnership, as well as the progress in

developing regional transport connectivity (Das, et al., 2013).

It is within this premise that the researchers conducted this study to know the

level of awareness about ASEAN Integration in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

 25

Background of the Study

While member states perceive the necessity to have an integrated regional body,

many of them also see the development of a strong regional body as a threat to their own

political power and their position in the region. For the regional integration to be

successful, the benefits of ASEAN to the community have to be emphasized. People must

feel the benefits of ASEAN in their daily lives. ASEAN must strive to be a "community

of action" and able to act decisively and in a timely manner to address both internal and

external threats, violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and meet the

challenges of its member states and peoples. The ASEAN Community should become a

"community of people" where all peoples of the region have equitable access to human

development opportunities, justice and participation in the governance of the country

(ASEAN Economic Community, 2008).

This study was conducted in Leon B. Postigo which is the residence of the

researchers to determine the level of awareness in terms of the history and establishment,

economic community and the benefits of ASEAN according to their profile. This could

also contribute information to the respondents of Leon B. Postigo in preparing and

developing employees’ competencies to be ready ASEAN Community, improving

competitive advantage, and developing national policy that is suitable for the

respondents.
 26

Theoretical Framework of the Study

This study is anchored in Theories of Integration by Gulnur Aybet (2000), which

states that theories of integration developed mainly during this time, and generally each

theory emerged in response to the problems and requirements concerning integration

within each period. It must be pointed out that the theories examined here were not

developed in relation to the issue of security cooperation exclusively, but within the

context of the overall integration process.

As mentioned of the study above, it implies that integration is important of the

grouped when problems occurred and sharing of ideas in order to solve the problems that

would also give the benefits of everyone. It is mentioned also in integration process not

only focused on the issue but on the whole processes which were properly screened and

examined well.

European integration theory implied provides us with substantial insights,

especially when it comes to explaining and understanding of the multi-dimensionality

and complexity of European foreign policy-making, as most of them take dynamics at the

national and European level into account (Julian Bergmann and Arne Niemann, 2013).

In connection to the study, it implies that the European integration contributed

globally fair policy and helps the people to enhance their works that make them

competitive and skilled worker like from other country.

The awareness of ASEAN Integration is one of the most important driving forces

in this network to bring the ASEAN message to the people in Municipality of Leon B.

Postigo. It can play a growing role to support the building of the ASEAN community,

particularly in the third pillar, the ASEAN Socio – Cultural Community.

 27

Conceptual Framework of the Study

The schema of the study consists of three frames. The first frame is the

independent variable consisting the ASEAN Integration categorized as to: establishment

of ASEAN Integration, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), and Benefits of ASEAN

Integration, while the second frame is the dependent variable level of awareness in

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo consisting of very much aware, moderately aware, less

aware, and not aware. The third frame is the moderator variables which classify the data

according to age, educational background, occupation and sex.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

ASEAN Integration Level of Awareness in

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo
1. Establishment of
 Very Much Aware
ASEAN Integration
Many
 Moderately Aware
2. ASEAN Economic  Aware
Community (AEC).
 Less Aware
3. Benefits of ASEAN  Least Aware
Integration.

 Age
 Educational
Background
 Occupation
 Sex

Figure1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

 28

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine and analyze the level of awareness of

community folks about ASEAN Integration in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

Specifically, the result of the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of awareness about ASEAN Integration in the Municipality of

Leon B. Postigo in terms of:

a. Establishment of ASEAN Integration

b. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

c. Benefits of ASEAN Integration when data are grouped according to age,

educational background, occupation, and sex?

2. Is there a significant difference between the level of awareness about ASEAN

Integration among the community folks in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo

when data are grouped according to age, educational background, occupation, and

sex)?

Hypothesis

Ho. There is no significant difference between the level of awareness about

ASEAN Integration among the community folks in the Municipality of Leon B.

Postigo when data are grouped according to profile (age, educational background,

occupation, and sex).

 29

Significance of the Study

The importance of this study would be its contribution to the knowledge about

ASEAN Integration, ASEAN Economic Community and Benefits of ASEAN Integration

according to the profile of the respondents in Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

Furthermore, this is a great help to the following:

Administrator. The study would provide reference material for the information

drive program on ASEAN integration, as academe is one of the most affected agency.

Department of Education. The result of the study would benefit the department

because they also help in the promotion of awareness in the locality through extension

activities.

Future Researchers. The study could serve as a reference material for them if

they will pursue similar study.

Parents. They would be updated and informed on the ASEAN Integration and the

benefits that would be able to enhance their skills according to their

occupation.

Students. This study could help them to be more knowledgeable and skilled

graduates who can later compete globally in terms of professional expertise.

Teachers. This study may encourage them to strive harder in the implementation

of the program relative to this study and make them stronger in meeting problems and

find solution that this will help them to achieve their responsibility and make it as
 30

inspiration. It will also help them realize the significance of the program and improve

their teaching skills to be globally competitive.

Scope and Delimitation

Content Delimitation. This study focused on the level of awareness of ASEAN

Integration in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

Respondent Delimitation. The respondents of the study are the community folks

in the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

Time Delimitation. This study was conducted during the first semester of school

year 2016 – 2017.

Place Delimitation. The location of the study was the selected barangays in the

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo, Zamboanga del Norte.

Definition of Terms

To enhance a better understanding of this study, the following terms are

operationally or theoretically defined:

Age. It refers to the number of years a person existed.

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).It refers to the community wherein there

is a single market and production.

 31

ASEAN Integration. The composition of the 10 member nations of Asia which

aims to integrate the transitional programs according to the three pillars as to political and

security community, economic community and socio-cultural community.

ASEAN. An association of 10 nations dedicated to economic and political

cooperation in southern Asia or Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Awareness. It refers to the consciousness and perception of the people in Leon B.

Postigo regarding the ASEAN Integration.

Benefits of ASEAN Integration. It is a regional attempt to enhance economic

competiveness and reduce the development gap between member countries.

Educational Background. The educational attainment of the respondents in the

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo.

Establishment of ASEAN Integration. The awareness of establishment of the

respondents in the history and origin of the ASEAN integration.

Occupation. The livelihood of the respondents in the Municipality of Leon B.

Postigo

Sex. The identities of a people either male or female respondents in the

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo,

Municipality of Leon B. Postigo. Refers to the place or municipality the study was

conducted.
 32

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which are useful

in the development of the study.

History of ASEAN

From the time of its establishment in 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration, the

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has relied more on diplomacy rather

than law. Political relations within the region were managed by consultation and

consensus and declaratory statements, while treaties denoting binding legal obligations –

particularly with effective dispute settlement mechanisms – were few. The founders of

ASEAN responded to the existing regional distrust created by some prior military

confrontations by focusing on confidence-building activities rather than any concrete

integration efforts. The discourse of ASEAN at that time, in contrast to the European

experience, may in hindsight be said to be marked by the absence of any grand ambition

or deep theory (ASEAN Community, 2015).

However, upon the 40th anniversary of this regional organization in 2007, the ten

ASEAN member states signed the ASEAN Charter stating that: “We, the Peoples of the

member states of the Association of South East Asian Nations … hereby decide to

establish, through this Charter, the legal and institutional framework for ASEAN.” For

the first time in its history of over four decades, the Legal and the Institutional were
 33

brought to the forefront of ASEAN discourse. Blueprints for each of the three ASEAN

Communities – the Political-Security Community, Economic Community and Socio-

Cultural Community – have also been formulated and adopted as well as numerous new

treaties and protocols often with detailed obligations and dispute settlement procedures

(Ewing-Chow and Hsien-Li, 2013).

ASEAN Integration

The ASEAN consists of the following ten member countries, 1)Brunei,

2)Cambodia, 3)Indonesia, 4)Laos, 5)Malaysia, 6)Myanmar, 7)the Philippines,

8)Singapore, 9)Thailand and 10)Vietnam. The original member countries of the ASEAN

are Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei became

member state in 1984 while Vietnam joined ASEAN in 1995. Two more countries, Laos

and Myanmar became the ASEAN member countries in 1997. Finally, Cambodia joined

the ASEAN in 1999 (ASEAN, 2011a).2 According to the Bangkok Declaration, there are

seven main aims and purpose of the ASEAN. First of all, ASEAN aims to promote

economic, social and cultural development in the region. Secondly, ASEAN aims to

promote regional peace and stability. Thirdly, ASEAN aims to promote active regional

collaboration. Fourthly, ASEAN aims to provide assistance to each other. Fifthly,

ASEAN aims to collaborate more effectively for the utilization of resource and expansion

of international trade, Sixthly, ASEAN aim to promote the Southeast Asian Studies.

Finally, ASEAN aims to maintain closer relationship with other international

organizations (ASEAN, 2011a). On February 24, 1976, the leaders of original five

ASEAN countries, namely, 1)Lee Kuan Yew, 2)Ferdinand Marcos, 3)Hussein Onn, 4)
 34

Kukrit Pramoj, 5)Suharto signed an important document called the “Treaty of Amity and

Cooperation in Southeast Asia” (TAC) at Denpasar, Bali. This treaty became a

underlying foundation of unique characteristics of ASEAN, or so-called the “ASEAN

Way” (ASEAN, 2011b).

According to the treaty, there are six fundamental principle of ASEAN. The first

principle is the “mutual respect”. The second principle is the “freedom from external

interference”. The third principle is the “non interference in international affairs of other

member countries”. The fourth principle is the “peaceful settlement of dispute”. The fifth

principle is the “renunciation of use of arms”. Finally, the sixth principle is the “effective

collaboration” (ASEAN, 2011b).

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

Despite lacking specific reference to human rights issues within the text of the

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint, there are nevertheless indirect human

rights implications. As mentioned earlier, among the four key characteristics identified in

the AEC Blueprint is “a region of equitable economic development”. Recognizing the

importance of equitable economic development for all peoples, the actions under

Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) include human resource development, information

and communication technologies, capacity building, poverty reduction and improvement

in quality of life. In addition, in enhancing the food, agriculture and forestry trade, the

health of the peoples is not forgotten, and in fostering a culture of competitiveness,

consumer protection is strengthened through establishing the ASEAN Coordinating

 35

Committee on Consumer Protection and establishing a network of consumer protection

agencies to facilitate information sharing and exchange (Keng, 2009).

Benefits of ASEAN

People must feel the benefits of ASEAN in their daily lives. ASEAN must strive

to be a "community of action" and able to act decisively and in a timely manner to

address both internal and external threats, violations of human rights and fundamental

freedoms, and meet the challenges of its member states and peoples. The ASEAN

Community should become a "community of people" where all peoples of the region

have equitable access to human development opportunities, justice and participation in

the governance of the country (Keng, 2009).

The main emphasis of the ASEAN has been regional cooperation for mutual

benefits of all member countries. In order to obtain this regional cooperation and

capitalize on the economic and socio-cultural amalgamation, leaders of ASEAN, at the

12th ASEAN Summit in Cebu in January 2007, decided to implement the ASEAN

Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. The objective of AEC is to transform the ASEAN

into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer

flow of capital (ASEAN Secretariat, 2008a). AEC is a challenging step in economic

reform. It produces challenges and opportunities for the ASEAN member countries.

Education underpins the development of ASEAN Economic Community.

Education is the key factor that will help create knowledge - based society and will

contribute to the overall enhancement of the AEC (ASEAN Secretariat, 2014). Education
 36

is a tool to raise awareness of the AEC and create the sense of understanding of the

richness of ASEAN history, languages, culture and common values (Pyakurel, 2014).

This Blueprint specifically emphasizes the promotion and protection of the rights

and welfare of disadvantaged, vulnerable and marginalized groups such as women,

children, the elderly, persons with disabilities and migrant workers. The implementation

of the ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant

Workers is set forth as a strategic objective of the ASCC Blueprint to achieve this

particular goal.

Promoting corporate social responsibility to ensure sustainable socio-economic

development in ASEAN member states and fostering sustainability of water resources to

ensure equitable accessibility and sufficiency of acceptable quality of water are aspects of

human rights incorporated in the Blueprint (Keng, 2009).

Related Studies

ASEAN Integration

In the study of Fligstein (2008) entitled “Towards the ASEAN Community:

Assessing the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Aspirations of Thai University Students” it was

found out that ASEAN leaders aspire to develop a well-integrated AC that will bring

about not only prosperity for ASEAN citizens but also a common identity. Social

interaction and education on the cultures and interests of other ASEAN peoples are the

means of creating regional horizontal solidarity. It was found out that education required

to achieve this goal and should focused on helping people understand and respect the
 37

cultures and differences of their fellow ASEAN citizens and that social interactions need

to be generally positive experiences.

Neil Fligstein (2008) further stated that it is essential that various groups within

the community do not feel that their interests or identities are in any way under threat. If

they do, a collective identity is unlikely to develop and, as a result, the ASEAN

Community (AC) is not going to appeal to them.

According to Deutsch et al. (1957) as cited by Fligstein (2008), in order to create

an identity it is essential not only to have a common culture based around language,

religion, race, ethnicity, or a shared formative experience, but also to develop a form of

horizontal solidarity or awareness that has the ability.

Moreover, regarding ASEAN identity since there are no other comparable surveys

or statistics that measure awareness, attitudes, and aspirations for ASEAN that would

allow us to establish whether there is an ASEAN identity or whether there has been

progress towards such a common identity, we cannot determine how fast the process of

building a common identity is going or how far along it is. Based on the survey results, as

well as the resources and information available to the general public regarding the AC,

ASEAN is likely to develop a common economic identity before other types of identities.

This is because people can more easily identify the processes of economic integration and

the benefits they are likely to receive. Once an economic identity is realized, it is hoped

that other common identities will emerge. In the case of the European Union the

perception of economic benefits likewise leads to greater support for European

integration and a European identity (Verhaegen, Hooghe, and Quintelier 2014).

 38

Additionally, through more frequent economic exchanges and more learning

about other countries’ economic systems, laws, regulations, strengths, weaknesses, and

business norms, ASEAN citizens can develop a common socio-cultural identity that can

help facilitate integration. It is hoped that trust – the foundation of any common identity –

will emerge with more positive social interactions. Once people can trust that the

integration process underway is not a threat to their interests or identities, the AC will

benefit from an ASEAN identity. A common identity is necessary because only when

citizens feel part of the community will they welcome decisions that are made for and by

the community as a whole (Siraprapasiri and Thalang, 2016).

Effects of ASEAN Integration

Plummer and Cheong’s (2008) study found out that Foreign Direct Investment

(FDI) to ASEAN countries was negatively impacted after the Asian Crisis, although

inflows have picked up since 2005. In addition, the sectoral distribution of FDI has

changed since 1998 in some members of ASEAN (i.e., Malaysia, Singapore, and

Thailand) but not in others. Despite the fall in FDI coming from outside the region after

1998, our econometric analysis has shown that, after controlling for various factors,

ASEAN countries increased their FDI stock in each other after the Asian Crisis.

Moreover, in the period of our study, we have not found FDI in China to pose a threat to

ASEAN FDI. Our analysis would suggest that the alignment and outward orientation of

both trade and investment policies in ASEAN have served to mitigate the effects of the

Asian Crisis and restore competitiveness to the region as a production platform. This is

encouraging for ASEAN’s plan to form the AEC. To maintain regional competitiveness
 39

and build the investment-related pillar of the AEC, our analysis would suggest that

ASEAN countries should continue to provide a stable and secure environment in which

FDI can thrive by harmonizing FDI policies and reducing bureaucracy and transactions

costs. ASEAN member countries will also need to ensure that the negative lists in

investment accords such as the AIA remain short, that members’ commitment to national

treatment be respected, and investment cooperation be streamlined to avoid the

complications of numerous and inconsistent BITs.

Public Opinion on the Formation of the ASEAN Economic Community

In the study of Benny, et al. (2015), it was found out that the public showed

positive support and perceived the regional economic integration as positive for them and

their country. However, as this study only involved three countries, it should be treated as

exploratory. Consequently, the study calls for a more comprehensive study involving the

10 member states of ASEAN. Furthermore, aspirations and attitudes may change over

time—or attitudes that are positive today can turn into negative if they are not well-

managed. The finding implies that the ASEAN Secretariat—together with national

governments—needs to formulate effective strategies to maintain positive attitudes and

support for the integration initiatives. To find out the actual aspiration and attitudes of the

public of the ten member states, it is suggested that the ASEAN Secretariat or ASEAN

Foundation establish an agency to conduct regular "ASEAN barometer" public opinion

surveys in the ASEAN countries, so that the decision making for ASEAN Community

can be based on the expectations of the people. The survey is considered the best measure

because, given the current plurality of political systems of ASEAN countries, it is

impossible to conduct direct voting like as in the EU. Without the regular surveys, the
 40

real aspirations and attitudes of the public of the 10 member states will remain a mystery,

and it will be more difficult to make effective decisions that cater to the needs and wants

of the public. Finally, as the deadline of the AEC draws nearer, there are already

suggestions for further deepening the integration process beyond the AEC Blueprint as in

the proposed Jakarta Framework on "Moving ASEAN Community Forward into 2015

and Beyond" (ERIA 2011) and the ASEAN 2030 study by the Asian Development Bank

Institute (ADBI 2012), making it even more important to continuously gauge the public's

opinion through public opinion surveys.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the research methods, research setting of the study, and

subjects of the study, research instrument, validation of instrument, data gathering

procedure, administration of instrument and statistical treatment of data.

Research Method

This study utilized the descriptive survey method of research employing the

ASEAN integration questionnaire as an instrument as the main data gathering tool in

determining the level of awareness in ASEAN integration in the Municipality of Leon B.

Postigo. A questionnaire checklist was used to gather the data needed in the study. This

was supplemented by on-the-spot interview to verify their answers of the question asked

in the instrument.

Research Setting

This study was conducted at the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo, Zamboanga del

Norte during the First Semester, School Year 2016-2017. Leon B. Postigo is a fourth

class municipality in the province of Zamboanga del Norte. According to the 2015 census

from the office of the Municipality of Leon B. Postigo, the municipality has a population

of 26, 221 people.

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The municipality’s original name was Bacungan, by the virtue of Batas Pambansa

No. 204 on March 25, 1982. It was renamed to its current name by the virtue of Republic

Act No. 6830 on December 30, 1989, in honor of Leon Bayot Postigo, a Philippine

constabulary corporal whose 10-hectare lot in town was donated by his heirs to the local

government. Leon B. Postigo is politically subdivided into 18 barangays namely;

Poblacion, Bogabongan, Delusom, Mangop, Manil, Mawal, Midatag, Morob, Nasibac,

Palandok, Sta. Maria, Sipacong, Talinga, Tinaplan, Tiniguiban, Tinuyop, Tiogan and

Titik. The total area of Leon B. Postigo is 255.50 km (98.65 sq mi.) (PSA, Pop Cen,

2015). Out of the 18 barangays, only 5 barangays were considered as respondents

barangay these were: Poblacion, Sta.Maria, Manil, Bogabongan, and Delusom.

Poblacion is the centre place of Municipality of Leon B. Postigo which has a

population of 5, 583. The most common works of the residents according to their order

are: 1) housekeeping, 2) vending, 3) farming, and 4) fishing. And most of the respondents

educational background are high school level (see appendix C).

Sta. Maria is the barangay of Loen B. Postigo which is 8 kilometres from the

barangay of Delusom highway and has a population of 1, 197. The people’s common

occupation are driving, vending, housekeeping, and farming. Majority of the people of

this barangay are elementary graduate (see appendix C).

Manil also is a barangay of Leon B. Postigo which is 3 kilometre away from

Poblacion and composed of 1,893 population. Most of their occupation is fishing due to

coastal accessibility, other occupation involve are vending, housekeeping, driving and

farming. The people there are majority high school level only (see appendix C).
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Bogabongan is another respondent-barangay, it is 6 kilometres away from

Poblacion and has a population of 2, 100 and their works are housekeeping, vending,

fishing, driving and farming. Majority of the community folks are high school level (see

appendix C).

Delusom is a barangay of Leon B. Postigo which is 1 kilometre from Poblacion

and has a population of 1, 344. Their barangay hall is located along the highway and the

barangay folks are engage in housekeeping, fishing, vending, driving and farming. In

terms of educational background, majority of the respondents are elementary graduate

(see appendix C).

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were 33 Grade 12 CSS students of Liloy National

High School, Fatima Liloy, Zamboanga del Norte.

Table 1 reflects the total number of respondents of the study which were

determined using the data of Liloy National High School the official enrolled in CSS

specialization Grade 12 TVL B with percent of 100.

TABLE 1

THE SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Respondents Total Number of Respondents

%
Grade 12 CSS 33 100%
Total 33 100 %
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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered in the study. The

tables were arranged according to the sequence of questions raised in the study.

Problem No. 1. What are the major competencies assessed in the students during the
NC II assessment?

Table 2.0 presents the core four competencies which categorize into 4 namely:

Installing and configuring computer systems, setting-up computer networks, setting-up

computer services, and maintaining and repairing computer systems and networks . In the

category of competency the following has each learning outcomes that should posses the

takers of NC II assessment.

This implies that the four competency should first master the students which they

difficult to perform before undergo NC II assessment in order to pass.

TABLE 2.0

FOUR CORE COMPETENCIES

Core Competency 1: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER
SYSTEMS (ICCS)
Core Competency 2: SETTING-UP COMPUTER NETWORKS (SUCN)
Core Competency 3: SETTING UP COMPUTER SERVERS (SUCS)
Core Competency 4:MAINTAINING AND REPAIRING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS (MRCN)