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com Biopharmaceutics Terms and Definitions

Terms and Definitions:


1. Biopharmaceutics: The study of factors that influence the process of drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism and elimination in the body.
2. Absorption: The process of movement of unchanged drug from the site of
administration to the site of measurement. i.e. plasma.
3. Distribution: The reversible transfer of drug between the body compartments.
4. Metabolism: The chemical conversion of drug from one form to another which may
be active or inactive, in the body.
5. Elimination: The irreversible loss of drug from the body is called Elimination. It
consists of two processes, Metabolism (Biotransformation) and Excretion.
6. Excretion: The process where drugs and their metabolites are irreversibly transferred
from internal to external environment.
7. Bioavailability: The rate and extent of absorption of drug in the body.
8. Half life: The time required for the concentration of drug to decrease by 50% of the
initial value.
9. Elimination rate constant: It is the value which shows the elimination of drug per
unit time.
10. Volume of distribution: The ratio of amount of drug in the body to the plasma drug
concentration.
11. Clearance: The theoretical volume of body fluid containing drug from which the drug
is completely removed in a given period of time.
12. Therapeutic index: The ratio of maximum safe concentration to the minimum
effective concentration.
13. Peak plasma concentration: The point of maximum concentration of drug in plasma
is called the peak and the concentration of drug at peak is called Peak plasma
concentration.
14. Time of peak concentration: The time for drug to reach the peak concentration(after
extravascular administration) in plasma.
15. Area under the curve (AUC): It represent the total integrated area under the plasma
level- time profile and expresses the total amount of drug that comes in to the
systemic circulation after its administration.
16. Maximum safe concentration (MSC): The concentration of drug in plasma above
which unwanted/toxic effects occur.
17. Minimum effective concentration (MEC): The minimum concentration of drug in
the plasma required to produce the therapeutic effect.
18. Therapeutic range: The drug concentration between MEC and MSC.
19. Onset of action: The beginning of pharmacological action.
20. Onset time: The time required for the drug to start producing the pharmacological
effect.
21. Dosage regimen: The frequency of administration of drug in a particular dose.
22. Bioequivalence: A relative term that denotes that the drug substance in two or more
identical dosage forms, reaches the systemic circulation at the same relative rate and
to the same relative extent.

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