Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
AND AN INTRODUCTION
TO
THERMOSTATISTICS
SECONDEDITION
HERBERT
B.CALLEN
Universitvof Pennsvlvania
20 19
To Sara
.....and
to Jill,Jed,
Zacharyand Jessica
PREFACE
uu
uut Preface
Qi
l. Postulates I
15.
2. Conditions of Equilibrium
3. Formal Relations and SampleSys-
tems
4. ReversibleProcesses;
Engines
1 5 . Statistical Mechanics in Entropy
Representation
5 . LegendreTransformations PA
GE
6. Extremum Principles in Legendre
Representation
CL
7. Maxwell Relations lntr,
The
15.
1 6 . CanonicalFormalism t
1.1
7 7 . Generalized Canonical Formula-
1.2
tion
1.3
8 . Stability t.4
9. First-OrderPhaseTransitions 1.5
1.6
t.7
10. Critical Phenomena 1.8
1 8 . QuantumFluids
1.9
11. Nernst
19. Fluctuations 1.1
12. Summaryof Principles
20. Variational Properties and Mean 2
Field Theory 2.7
13. Propertiesof Materials
2.2
14. IrreversibleThermodynamics 2.3
2.4
2.5
21. Postlude: Symmetry and the Conceptual Foundations of Thermodynamics 2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
CONTENTS
PART I
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS
lntroduction The Nature of Thermodvnamics and the Basis of
Thermostatistics 2
T2 SUMMARY OF PRINCIPLES
FOR GENERAL SYSTEMS 283
l2.I General Systems 283
12.2 The Postulates 283
XID Contents
PART III
FOUNDATIONS
21 POSTLUDE: SYMMBTRY AND THE CONCEPTUAL
FOUNDATIONS OF THERMOSTATISTICS 455
21.7 Statistics 455
21.2 Symmetry 458
21.3 Noether's Theorem 460
2I.4 Energy, Momentum and Angular Momentum; the Generalized
"First Law" of Thermodynamics 467
21.5 Broken Symmetryand Goldstone'sTheorem 462
21.6 Other Broken SymmetryCoordinates-Electric and
Magnetic Moments 465
27.7 Mole Numbers and GaugeSymmetry 466
21.8 Time Reversal,the Equal Probability of Microstates,
and the Entropy Principle 467
21.9 Symmetry and Completeness 469
APPENDIX A
SOME RELATIONS IT{VOLVING
PARTIAL DERIVATIVES 473
A.1 Partial Derivatives 473
4.2 Taylor's Expansion 474
A.3 Differentials 475
A.4 CompositeFunctions 4',15
A.5 Implicit Functions 476
APPENDIX B
MAGNETIC SYSTEMS 479
GENERAL REFERENCES 485
INDEX 487