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2 SCOPE OF WORK
This report describes the methodology description, design criteria, and important result from several analyses
which are carried out in order to ensure the integrity of structure. Analysis which are carried out consist of:
1.3 ABBREVIATIONS
The PHE-2A-6 platform is located in West Madura offshore. Coordinates of the PHE-2A-6 platform are as
followed [ref. 8]:
The reference datum in structural model is Mean Low Water Level (MLWL). Refer to PHE WMO Metocean Data
Integration [Ref. 8], water depth of PHE 2A-6 Platform with datum in MSL is 55.25 m (181.27 ft.)
Description Remark
Water Depth (datum at MLW) 63 ft.
Boat landing 1 (one)
No. of Leg (Piles) 3 (three)
Conductors 1 (one)
Risers 1 (one)
Jacket Elevation El.(+)12'-0"
El (-) 22'-0"
El.(-) 63’-0"
EL.(+) 35’-0” – TOS of Main Deck
Deck Elevation
EL.(+) 28’-0” – TOS of Well Access Deck
The platform is completed with a pair of boat landings, and a crane. Illustration of PHE 2A-6 platform is shown
in following figure.
Figure 2-1 PHE 2A-6 Platform model elevation
“Platform North” of PHE-2A-6 shall be defined as the northern direction of the major axis of the structure. The
difference in angle between “Platform North” and “True North” for each platform () for PHE-2A-6 is 66
clockwise as described in the following figure
According to Ref [8], all structural calculation, dimensions and weights shall be in Imperial unit (lbs., in, ft., etc.).
The following weight contingency shall be used to cover any weight or load variation or inaccuracy in design
engineering.
Refer to [Ref 5], splash zone defines as part of the platform, which is intermittently exposed to the air and
immersed in the sea. Unless specify otherwise on the project specification, the splash zone to be considered
for structural design shall extend between:
Where
U1 = wave crest calculated from 100 years maximum wave height
U2
= HAT level
L1
= LAT level
For PHE 2 Satellite Platforms, splash zone area has been defined between (-) 10’- 8” and (+) 15’-4” with
reference level at MSL.
The mechanical steel properties which considered in the analyses are as followed:
All structural steel being used in this project shall be based on the following specification and corresponding
yields strengths:
Table 3-2 Structural Steel Specification
Nominal Yield
Item Application Acceptable Material Spec Type Class.
Strength Ksi (MPa)
Plates • Stiffeners,
• Deck Plate, ASTM A36 36 (248) Type III
• Walls
• Stiffeners,
• Flange Plate,
• ASTM A572 Gr.50, with SR91
• Web Plate, 50 (345) Type I
• API 2H Gr.50 with S1, S3
• Boxed Plate,
• Cap Beam
Rolled • Walkways,
section • Stair, ASTM A36 36 (248) Type III
• Pipe support
Tubular • Stairs, • API 5L Gr. B
Section 35 (240) Type III
• Pipe supports • ASTM A106 Gr. B
Joint Cans Topsides joint cans • ASTM A36 36 (248)
Type IV
• API 5L Gr. B 35 (240)
• Topsides joint
• ASTM A572 Gr.50, with SR 91. 50 (345)
cans Type II
• API 2H Gr.50 with S1, S3, S4, S5
• Jacket joint cans
Tubular Bracing • ASTM A36
36 (248) Type III
• API 5L Gr. B
Jackets
Tubular Bracing • ASTM A572 Gr. 50 with SR 91 50(345)
Type I
• API 2H Gr.50 with S1,S3
Piles Pile Section • ASTM A36
36(248) Type III
• API 5L Gr. B
The Working Stress Design methodology will be used for design. The following table summarized the allowable
stresses to be considered for each analysis according to ref. [4] and Ref [5]:
Allowable for relative horizontal displacement as per Company Specification [ref. 4] shall be limited to H/200.
Generally, vertical deflection shall not exceed following values:
Environmental data is adapted from the report Metocean Data Integration Study for WMO Field, November
2013 by PT. Bina Rekacipta Utama [ref. 8].
The following water refer to [Ref. 8] is considered in analyses which are carried out.
Water Depth *)
Description In-place
Seismic and Fatigue
Operating (ft.) Storm (ft.)
Wind speed in following table is used for the structural analyses. In the analysis, 1 minute wind will be used for
the design wind loads.
Wave and current loads were generated in 16 directions for in-place analysis. Those 16 directions consist of 0,
22.5, 45, 67.5, 90, 112.5, 135, 157.5, 180, 202.5, 225, 247.5, 270, 292.5, 315 and 337.5. The
wave and current loads for operating and storm condition for each direction were generated by SACS in single
load case. The wave loads were generated for both minimum and maximum water depth cases. Wave theory
for all structural calculations is using Stokes order 5th for both 1 year-operating and 100 years-storm waves.
Following tables present design wave and current data for PHE 2A-6 platform.
All structural members, conductors, risers and other appurtenances should be increased in cross-sectional area
to account for marine growth thickness. Element with circular cross sections should be classified as either
“smooth” or “rough” depending on the amount of marine growth expected to have accumulated on the at the
time of the loading event. The specific marine growth profile shall be taken from underwater inspection results.
The density of marine growth which considered is 87.4 lb/ft³. In case underwater inspection results are not
available, the 2-inch marine growth thickness shall be considered in the structural assessment analyses from
MHWL down to mudline elevation
The drag coefficient (CD) and inertia coefficient (CM) values are applied in accordance with API RP 2A-WSD,
unless overridden to account for un-modeled items such as anodes and grating on jacket walkway.
Table 3-10 Hydrodynamic Parameter
In-Place & Seismic Fatigue
Analysis Type
CD (drag) CM (inertia) CD (drag) CM (inertia)
Rough Surfaces 1.05 1.20 0.70 2.00
Smooth Surfaces 0.65 1.60 0.70 2.00
For member attached with anode, the drag and inertia coefficient will be adjusted with sound engineering
method so the effect of anode presentation on members could be represented properly.
The current speed in the vicinity of the platform is reduced from the specified “free stream”. Based on API [ref.
1] Sect. 2.3.1.b, the factor to reduce the current “free stream” is shown on Table below:
The API [ref. 1] allows the usage of Wave Kinematics Factor in the range of 0.85 – 0.95 for tropical storms,
applied to the horizontal velocities and accelerations from two – dimensional regular wave. A wave kinematic
factor of 1.00 is used for fatigue analysis, as shown in following table.
1
DAF =
2 2
T 2n T n
1 − 2 + 2 Q
Tw Tw
where: Tn = Structural natural period (sec)
Tw = Wave period (sec)
Q = Damping factor = 2%
3.9 CORROSION ALLOWANCE
A corrosion allowance was also applied to all members in the splash zone of the jacket, including jacket legs,
deck legs, and piles above jacket, primary jacket braces and caisson. The required allowance during in-place
is 1/4 inch (6 mm) of the member thickness in splash zone. For other major appurtenance i.e. boat landing,
barge bumper, and riser guard in the splash zone shall also designed with corrosion allowance 1/8 inch (3 mm).
For fatigue analysis, the corrosion allowance requirement is 1/8 inch (3 mm) [Ref. 5]
The pile soil structure interaction analysis is carried out using PSI module of SACS. As this is a non-linear
analysis, PSI operates on combined load cases rather than basic load cases. In case of original soil data for
PHE-2 satellite platform is not available; soil data for KE30-2 [Ref.10] may be used in convenience due to its
adjacent location. Pile penetrations are modeled as per shown in following table.
PGA’s derived from Seismic Hazard Study at West Madura Offshore Java, Indonesia Report by Human Power
and Promisco [Ref.9]. Since PHE-2 Satellite Platforms are located at Near Onshore area, recommended design
spectra for PHE-2 Satellite Platforms is shown in Table 3-14. 5% critical damping ratio with 40 (forty) considered
modes in modal analysis will be considered in the analyses.
Table 3-14 Recommended Design Spectra for Seismic SLE and DLE
Recommended Design Spectra
SLE DLE
T (sec) SA (g) T (sec) SA (g)
0.01 0.11 0.01 0.16
0.14 0.27 0.17 0.40
0.68 0.27 0.83 0.40
0.70 0.26 0.85 0.39
1.10 0.16 1.20 0.28
2.40 0.08 2.40 0.14
4.00 0.05 4.00 0.08
6.00 0.03 6.00 0.06
8.00 0.02 8.00 0.04
10.00 0.02 10.00 0.03
3.12 FATIGUE DATA
Deterministic fatigue shall be performed in the jacket, if required by code/standard spectral fatigue shall be also
performed. The spectral fatigue analysis shall be applied if the natural period of structure is more than 3.0
seconds [Ref. 1].
The fatigue wave heights and waves periods are independent parameters. Even though, wave height can be
measured and collected in the increased range, which also applied to the increased period range. These data
are presented in wave scatter diagram. The wave scatter diagram is presented the probability value in significant
wave height (Hs) corresponds to Zero Crossing Period (Tz). The wave scatter diagrams are taken from
Metocean Data Integration Study for WMO Field by PT Bina Rekacipta Utama, November 2013 [Ref. 8], for
Cluster B, which is PHE 2A-6 is located. Based on the metocean document, the wave loads for fatigue analysis
are determined by 16 directions of waves. The following tables present waves scatter based on Metocean Study
[Ref. 8] which are used in the fatigue analysis.
Sixteen fatigue wave attack direction in every 22.5 degree is considered in current fatigue analysis. Fatigue
wave attack directions which are considered in current fatigue analysis is shown in Figure 4-3.
Figure 3-1 Fatigue wave attack direction for PHE 2A-6
Stress concentration factors (SCFs) for simple joints shall be determined using Efthymiou equation. SCF will
automatically calculated by computer software. A minimum SCF of 2.5 shall be used for simple TKY joints,
while minimum SCF of 2.0 used for inline joint.
For S-N curves, the API X’ curve shall be used in the calculation fatigue life at TKY connections in accordance
with API RP2A WSD and/or API RP2A LRFD, as applicable.
The API X curve may be used in the calculation of greater fatigue lives of TKY connection in which the
appropriate weld profile control is specified in accordance with API RP2A WSD and/or API RP2A LRFD, as
applicable. Alternative methods of improving fatigue life, such as adding ring stiffeners or grouting an internal
sleeve shall not be used, unless specially approved in writing by the COMPANY.
3.12.4 Fatigue Safety Factor
The in-service fatigue design life of the platform shall be at least two times the service life of the platform.
4 ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER MODEL
The analysis of the platform shall be carried out using SACS version 5.7. The analysis is performed using 3D
structures analysis computer models, which use stiffness method to determine the characteristics of the
structure. All primary framing members shall be include in the computer analysis models as well as secondary
steel carrying significant loads.
The structural analysis for PHE-2A-6 Platform deck has been performed using SACS (Structural Analysis
Computer System) program modules. The frame configuration, material properties, applied load, load
combination, environmental data and data related to the structure will be compiled as structural data.
Combination between loads also described on this data. All brace members are checked at member ends at
the face of the adjoining chord member. Offsets are modeled for the tubular brace on the main truss lines to
obtain the correct stiffness. Soil properties, pile penetration depth and pile below mudline properties will be
composed as soil data. Later on, both data will be used as input for linear static analysis. This analysis will be
determine the interaction between structure and soil during the platform operation and storm condition. The
analysis and code check of structures is primary based on the guidelines provided in API-RP2A [ref. 1]. A one
– third increase in the allowable stresses was applied in accordance with API RP 2A-WSD for the 100-years
extreme. For Operating no increase allowable stresses are considered. The flowchart of in-place analysis is
shown below.
Figure 4-1 In-place Analysis Flow Chart
The seismic analyses are performed utilizing the DYNAMIC RESPONSE program module of the SACS suite of
programs. The dynamic response of the structure due to base motions is computed from the PGA utilizing the
normalized design spectra. Fluid damping is automatically calculated by the program using equivalent linear
damping that dissipates the same energy as the actual non-linear damping in a cycle. Additionally a uniform
modal-damping ratio of 5% of critical is used. The resulting modal responses are combined by the Complete
Quadratic Combination (CQC) method. The three orthogonal response factors (X=1, Y=1 and Z=0.5) are
applied in accordance with API RP 2A.
The results of the dynamic response analysis are then combined with the results of a static analysis in order to
obtain the total loads in the structure. The two cases analyzed maximize the compressive and tensile loads in
the structure.
The piles below mud-line are modeled as “super element”. Upon completion of the above analysis the lateral
force from static step and base shear from earthquake step are used to perform super element analysis to check
convergence. A 5% difference is considered acceptable on convergence.
The natural frequency of structure is calculated using the SACS DYNPAC program. The input for this program
is a modified common input file used for static analysis, which contains one load case that comprises gravity
load and deck loads.
Deterministic fatigue shall be performed in the jacket, if required by code/standard spectral fatigue shall be also
performed. The spectral fatigue analysis shall be applied if the natural period of structure is more than 3.0
4.6 MODEL
The model will be constructed from 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) beam elements and will include all primary
members and secondary members carrying significant loads. The stress level induced into the structure shall
be checked against the allowable stresses specified in the nominated codes of practice.
Topside of PHE 2A-6 platform is supported with 4 deck leg integrated with main beam. It has 4 level decks, as
described below:
• Main deck : El. (+) 54’-6”
• Mezzanine deck : El. (+) 42’-6”
The following effective length factors (as per API RP 2A section 3.3.1.d) were used:
The generated dead loads include all modeled structural steel (jacket and deck primary steel, piles, etc.) with buoyancy loads included as part of automatic load
generation. The weight of all equipment, piping, electrical, instrument etc. are defined as equipment load. Operating equipment and piping weight are used for platform
assessment. The structural self-weight and buoyancy are summarized on Table 5-1,
The weight of all equipment, piping, electrical, instrument etc. are defined as equipment load. Operating equipment and piping weight are used for platform assessment.
The appurtenance load includes handrail, grating, and anodes that are installed on the platform legs. The weights of equipment, live load, and applied on the model are
listed on Table 5-2
No. LOADCN LOADID Load Description Location Basic Load (kips) Cont. Factor Factored Load (kips)
Deck Appurtenance
1 GRAT 1¼" x 3/16" Main Deck Grating Main Deck 11.120 1.05 11.676
DAPP
2 HDRL Main Deck Handrail Main Deck 1.945 1.05 2.042
Jacket Appurtenance
3 JAPP AND Anode Jacket Leg 21.189 1.05 22.248
Total Appurtenance Load 34.254 35.967
Existing Equipment
4 CP Control Panel Main Deck 0.441 1.05 0.463
5 ESD ESD Panel Main Deck 0.441 1.05 0.463
6 EQP GASDRYER Gas Dryer Main Deck 0.221 1.05 0.232
7 GASRCV Gas Receiver Main Deck 4.200 1.05 4.410
8 GASSCRUB Gas Scrubber Main Deck 0.772 1.05 0.810
XMAS XMASSTREE X-mas Tree Access Platform 10.000 1.05 10.500
9 CRDL CRANE-DL Existing Crane Dead Load Main Deck 19.010 1.05 19.961
Total Equipment Load 35.085 36.839
Live Load
10 LLMAINDK Live Load at Main Deck Main Deck 104.94 1.05 110.187
11 LIVE LLJW Live Load at Jacket Walkway Jacket Walkway 48.02 1.05 50.421
12 LLWELL Live Load at Access Platform Access Platform 20.25 1.05 21.263
Total Live Load 173.21 181.8705
5.1.3 Environmental Load
Environmental loads generated based on design parameter mentioned on section 4 on this report. Following
tables shown summary of environment tal load resulted during in-place analysis.
Structural dynamic characteristic consists of structural natural period and mass participation factor for each
considered mode shapes in strength and ductility level earthquake analysis. Following tables shows the
summary.
Table 5-5 Natural Period
Freq. Gen. Period
Mode Eigenvalue
(cps) Mass (sec)
SLE Condition
1 0.773991 1.28E+03 4.23E-02 1.2920043
2 0.907208 1.33E+03 3.08E-02 1.1022835
3 1.594471 1.39E+03 9.96E-03 0.6271672
4 2.543284 1.51E+03 3.92E-03 0.3931924
5 2.589371 3.53E+02 3.78E-03 0.3861942
6 2.593304 4.16E+02 3.77E-03 0.3856084
7 2.698143 8.29E+02 3.48E-03 0.3706253
8 3.607826 5.16E+02 1.95E-03 0.2771752
9 3.689167 1.73E+03 1.86E-03 0.2710639
10 4.556772 9.91E+02 1.22E-03 0.2194536
DLE Condition
1 0.728236 1.38E+03 4.78E-02 1.3731809
2 0.864138 1.45E+03 3.39E-02 1.1572219
3 1.507385 1.51E+03 1.11E-02 0.6634005
4 2.416824 1.12E+03 4.34E-03 0.4137662
5 2.456681 3.66E+02 4.20E-03 0.4070532
6 2.469656 4.93E+02 4.15E-03 0.4049147
7 2.571068 9.30E+02 3.83E-03 0.3889434
8 3.500739 1.88E+03 2.07E-03 0.285654
9 3.564538 4.50E+02 1.99E-03 0.2805413
10 4.474848 8.98E+02 1.26E-03 0.2234713
Base shear of the structure for the seismic condition was generated in two orthogonal axis directions as follows
The In-place analysis was done at minimum and maximum water depth both for 1-year operating and 100-year
storm condition. There are several members which is not satisfying API RP2A and AISC ASD requirements in
both in-place and seismic condition. The summary of member stress check for each structural section is shown
in following tables.
Joint punching shear stresses has been check in order to follow the API RP2A requirement during analysis.
During in-place operating, there are 26 joints have UC greater than 1, while during in-place storm, there are 32
joints with UC greater than 1. For seismic SLE analysis, 7 joint has UC more than 1.0, while for DLE analysis,
there are 4 joints. The maximum joints shear checks are shown the following table.
Summary of analysis result for pile minimum safety factors are shown in following table.
Table 5-13 Pile Safety Factor for In-place Condition
5.7 DISPLACEMENT
Horizontal displacement on platform’s main deck is shown in table below. The results indicated that all vertical
displacements on main deck have fulfilled the allowable criteria.
Horizontal displacement on platform’s main deck is shown in table below. The results indicated that all horizontal
displacements on main deck have fulfilled the allowable criteria.
The platform has been in operation for 16 (sixteen) years. According to API RP2A requirements, joint fatigue
life of this structure shall be more than (SF1xSL1) + (SF2xSL2) = (16x1) + (4x2) = 24 years. Table below shown
the minimum joint service life resulted from analysis for main joints that do not fulfill the fatigue life criterion.
As reported in above section, there are several members with joint UC exceed the tolerance limit occurred in
in-place and seismic condition. Those members are mostly located in jacket walkway elevation. Recalculation
by considering the plate’s thickness shall be performed in the next revision.