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International Space Olympiad 2015
2. The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars and planets is what?
a. gravity
4. According to Kepler's 1st Law, all planets in our solar system orbit around the sun in what
shape?
a. ellipse
7. If it is summer in the northern hemisphere what is the orientation of the southern hemisphere
to the sun?
a. pointing away from the sun
9. What is the correct order of the layers of the Sun's atmosphere in order of innermost layer to
outermost layer?
a. photosphere, chromosphere, corona
a. wanning gibbous
14. Which planet in our solar system is known for having a powerful greenhouse effect and a
retrograde rotation?
a. Venus
15. All stars considered to be on the main sequence are in the process of fusing what element
together?
a. hydrogen
16. When the solar system formed which planets lost most of their gasses to the sun?
a. the inner planets
17. Which phase of the moon is this? (the visible part of the moon is represented by the white)
a. waxing crescent
19. When stars run out of hydrogen and instead of dying they begin fusing helium into heavier
elements, what would they be classified as?
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a. red giants or supergiants
a. D
24. If the winter solstice occurs the first weekend we are out for winter break, what can you
infer from it about that day?
a. It will be the shortest day of the year / The sun will rise at its most southeastern point
/ The sun's zenith will be at its lowest point of the year
26. What day is it when the sun is at its lowest elevation in the sky all year and we experience
the shortest day of the year?
a. winter solstice
27. The glowing area of gas that surrounds the core of comet is called what?
a. coma
28. The H-R Diagram shows that main sequence stars
31. The moon moves in a line directly between Earth and the sun, casting a shadow on Earth.
32. A dark spot on the sun, which is cool by contrast to the surrounding photosphere.
a. Sunspot
a. classifying stars
a.
B ___ Giants
A Super giants
E White Dwarfs
D or C Main Sequence
a.
C Convection Zone
A Inner Core
E Photosphere
G Corona
F Chromosphere
B Radiative Zone
D Subsurface Flows
38. Which gas gives the planets shown below their color?
a. methane
39. A massive star that has collapsed to such a small volume that its gravity prevents the escape
of everything including light.
a. Black Hole
a.
F Layer briefly seen at start and end of solar eclipse
C Convection Zone
A Inner Core
E Photosphere
G Corona
F Chromosphere
A Where thermonuclear fusion occurs
E Layer where sunspots occur
B Radiative Zone
D Subsurface Flows
G Hottest layer of the sun's atmosphere
E Visible layer of the sun
A Layer containing about 50% of the sun's total mass
F Layer where temperature increases with distance from core
C Layer that transfers energy in currents similar to those that occur in Earth's mantle
42. An average star spends 90 percent of its life as a helium-burning main-sequence star true or false?
a. False
43. Streams of protons and electrons ejected at high speed from the solar corona are called?.
a. solar wind
44. A sudden and tremendous eruption in the solar chromosphere.
a. solar flare
45. Early astronomers were confused because the following planets sometimes reversed their
direction:
a. Mars Jupiter, Saturn
46. A plot of stars according to their absolute magnitude and temperatures.
a. H-R diagram
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47. The first layer of the solar atmosphere found directly above the photosphere.
a. Chromosphere
48. One day on Mercury is equal to about 59 Earth days. Which statement best explains this
phenomena?
a. Mars
56. The most abundant element in the early solar system, and the entire universe, is:
a. Hydrogen
58. The Sun contains about of the mass in our solar system.
a. 99%
61. The part of the Sun that emits visible light and is typically seen from Earth is the
62. Which type of the galaxies listed below is not shown on the diagram?
a. irregular
65. It is called Earth's twin because it is similar in size, mass, density, and structure (crust,
mantle, and core).
a. Venus
66. The predominant component of the atmosphere of the planet shown below is
a. carbon dioxide
68. The path the sun appears to follow through the sky is called the:
a. Ecliptic
69. Which statement correctly compares the atmospheres of the Jovian planets and the Earth?
a. they consist mostly of helium and hydrogen like the Earth's earliest atmosphere
a. water ice
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71. Unlike most of the other planets, Uranus appears to be rotating ,
perhaps due to a .
a. on its side; planetary collision
77. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Highest temperature differential between night and day Mercury
78. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Retrograde rotation Venus
79. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Shows evidence of past running water, possible water underground Mars
80. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Strong magnetic field, high oxygen content in atmosphere Earth
a. solid
84. The surface of the planet shown below is most similar to the surface of
a. the moon
86. Because of its rotation, a Neptune day; is than that of one on Earth.
a. shorter
87. The equinox that occurs on September 22 or 23 in the Northern Hemisphere and on March
21 or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere.
a. Autumnal
88. The equinox in spring, on about March 20 in the northern hemisphere and September 22 in
the southern hemisphere.
a. Vernal
89. The solstice that occurs on December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and on June 21
or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere .
a. Winter
90. The solstice that occurs on June 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and on December 21
or 22 in the Southern Hemisphere.
a. Summer
94. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
A bit more than half the size of Earth Mars
95. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Has many, many active volcanoes Venus
a. neap tide
97. Refracting telescopes got their name because they refract, or bend , light.
98. Which of the following did not play an important role in the formation of the solar system?
a. lack holes
100. Lunar phases are a result of the motion of the moon and the sunlight that is
reflected from its surface.
101. Mars is called the Red planet because the iron on it surface gives it a red tinge.
102. It is called the veiled planet because it is covered with thick clouds.
a. Venus
105. The sun is located in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
a. False
106. The diagram below shows the relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth. Which
Moon image best represents the phase of the Moon when viewed from the Earth based on the
diagram?
a.
109. This planet takes the longest (243 Earth days) to rotate about its axis.
a. Venus
119. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
120. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Has 2 small moons Mars
122. If the moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, what phase will it be in to an
observer on Earth?
a. New Moon
123. The theory that proposes that the universe originate as a single mass, which subsequently
exploded.
a. Big Bang Theory
124. Extremely distant, bright, energetic object located in the core of some active galaxies.
a. Quasar
129. Earth is the third planets from the sun in the solar system.
131. The two types of visible light telescopes are reflecting and refracting.
a. True
132. Objects moving away from an observer can cause the wavelengths of light to appear
longer. This may make the light appear to be a lower frequency. This is called:
a. Red Shift
133. The VLA (Very Large Array) and Arecibo telescopes are examples of these types of
telescopes which gather low frequency electromagnetic radiation:
a. Radio
134. Young galaxies are located on the left side of the diagram and older galaxies fall on the
right side of the diagram.
a. False
137. M95 is classified as a SBb galaxy. Andromeda galaxy is classified as Sb. The difference in
classification indicates which of the following?
a. M95 is a barred galaxy and Andromeda is not
139. M86 is a slightly elliptical galaxy. Based on the diagram, which would be the best
classification of M86?
a. E3
141. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Has been explored by rovers like spirit, opportunity, and curiosity Mars
143. During winter it becomes colder because the Earth is farther away from the sun.
a. False
145. As a low mass star begins ejecting material near the end of its life, it forms what?
a. planetary nebula
146. Based on radiometric dating, the solar system formed about how many years ago?
a. Between 4 and 5 billion years
147. If a total solar eclipse occurs, when must a partial lunar eclipse occur?
a. two weeks before or after the solar eclipse
148. What planet, like Earth, has a magnetic field which causes auroras - northern and southern
lights that glow?
a. Jupiter
149. If two stars have the same absolute magnitude, which of the following must be true?
a. None of the above
150. American astronomer who developed his observations of galaxies into a standard method
of galaxy classification.
a. Edwin Hubble.
151. His inner planet has ice caps of CO2, no known liquid water, and dried coastlines.
a. Mars
153. Almost all of the mass of the solar system is within the Sun .
154. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Virtually no atmosphere, but a high percentage of iron Mercury
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155. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Its rotation takes almost the same time as Earth's Mars
156. The point in orbit where the planet is far away from the sun is called?
a. Aphelion
157. An eclipse can only occur during a new moon or full moon when the moon's
orbit crosses the plane of the elliptic.
163. Moon phases are the changing the appearance of the moon as seen from
Earth.
164. Severe solar storms that can disrupt telecommunications on Earth are called
a. solar flares
166. What describes the relationship between temperature and size of stars ON THE MAIN
SEQUENCE.
a. larger stars have higher temperatures
167. Which of the following classes of stars would have the highest luminosity with a low
temperature?
a. Ia
168. The difference between a meteor and a meteorite is that a meteorite is a space object that
reached Earth's surface.(T/F)
a. True
169. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Named for the goddess of love and beauty Venus
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170. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Valles Marineris Mars
171.This inner planet has ice caps of CO2, no known liquid water, and dried coastlines.
a. Mars
173. Almost all of the mass of the solar system is within the Sun .
174. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Virtually no atmosphere, but a high percentage of iron Mercury
175. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Its rotation takes almost the same time as Earth's Mars
176. The point in orbit where the planet is far away from the sun is called?
a. Aphelion
177. An eclipse can only occur during a new moon or full moon when the moon's
orbit crosses the plane of the elliptic.
183. Moon phases are the changing the appearance of the moon as seen from
Earth.
184. Severe solar storms that can disrupt telecommunications on Earth are called
a. solar flares
186. What describes the relationship between temperature and size of stars ON THE MAIN
SEQUENCE.
a. larger stars have higher temperatures
189. The Greco-Egyptian scientist who perfected the system of equants, deferents, and
epicycles for explaining planetary motions was
a. Ptolemy
190. The amount of light that enters a telescope is proportional to the lens' or mirror's
a. Area
191. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
a. Surface temperature of 900 degrees Fahrenheit Venus
192. Name the planet associated with the following feature or fact:
Maxwell Montes Venus
193. The point at which the Earth is closest to the sun is the:
a. perihelion
196. Which planet is warmer at its south pole, by 8 - 10 degrees, than at its equator?
a. Saturn
198. The time it takes for the moon to complete one entire cycle of phases from new moon to
new moon is called a:
a. Synodic Month
199. A red giant star follows what path on the HR diagram after it begins fusing helium?
a. Horizontal Branch
200. Star A has an absolute magnitude of -4.9. Star B has an apparent magnitude of -6.2.
Which star is the shortest distance from earth?
a. There is not enough information
202.Which of the following stars is most likely to have a degenerate helium core at some point?
a. A star that is the same mass as our sun
203.What form of energy is produced when a positron collides with an electron in the proton-
proton chain?
a. Gamma Radiation
204.What is a better, more scientific name for the stuff that makes up this universe?
a. Matter
205.The solstice occurs twice a year in June and December, when Earth's
rotational axis is tilted towards the sun or away from the sun.
211. The photo shows the side of the moon, which is the hemisphere that
faces the Earth.
a. near; toward
212. Copernicus is approximately 90 km in diameter. Which is the best estimate of the diameter
of Eudoxus?
a. 70 km
216.The main difference between a reflecting telescope and a refracting telescope is that a
reflecting telescope uses a(n) mirror to focus the incoming light.
217.When the helium and hydrogen shells around a low mass star's core begin burning, the star
will become:
a. AGB Giant
218.What will happen to a low mass star on the HR diagram after it begins ejecting its
envelope near the end of its life.
a. It will move to the left, appearing hotter as the core is exposed
223.Highest tidal range that occurs during the alignment of Earth, the moon, and the sun.
a. Spring Tide
224.The point between two objects where they balance each other.
a. Barycenter
225.Lowest tidal range, occurring near the times of the first-quarter and third-quarter phases of
the moon.
a. Neap Tide
226.A slow motion of Earth’s axis that traces out a cone over a period of 26,000 years.
a. Precession
227.The moon was most likely created by a collision between the Earth and a smaller space
body.(T/F)
a. True
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228.A theoretical object that absorbs all radiation and is a perfect emitter is called:
a. Black Body
230.In which type of binary star system will the smaller star steal mass from its larger
companion?
a. semi-detached
231.When stars fuse helium, they can begin to periodically change in size. These stars are
called variable stars .
232.Which of the following stars would be most likely to spend the longest time on the main
sequence?
a. a star with 1.2 solar masses
235.A very slow directional shift of the Earth's axis that requires 26,000 years to complete is
called
a. precession
238.Lunar phases are caused by motions of the Moon and the sunlight that is reflected
from its surface.
239.The diagram below shows the moon in different positions as it orbits the Earth. Write
"solar eclipse" on the line(s) by the moon's position(s) where a solar eclipse may possibly be
seen from Earth. Write "lunar eclipse" on the line(s) where a lunar eclipse may possibly be
a .Solar Eclipse - when moon is directly between the Earth and light from sun (3:00
on diagram)
Lunar Eclipse - when Earth is between the moon and light from the sun (9:00 on
diagram)
240.Approximately how long does it take for the moon to go through all of its phases?
a. 30 days
243.Observing the black body curve of distant stars allows astronomers to determine:
a. temperature
244.The seasons are caused by the Earth's distance from the sun.(T/F)
a. False
245.Large collections of gas and dust which may contain thousands of solar masses spread out
over hundreds of light years are
called Giant Molecular Clouds .
249.Which object has such a strong surface gravity that light cannot escape it?
a. black hole
252.As the days get shorter in the winter, the sun is rising:
a. South of East
253.Kepler's first law is known as the law of ellipses , because it states that
planet's orbits are this shape.
254.Pluto, Eris, and similar objects that are too small for planets but too large for asteroids are
classified as Dwarf planets
255.The solar system most likely began as a giant cloud of gas and dust called
a planetary nebula
256.The tilt of Earth's axis causes variations in the intensity and duration of sunlight
striking Earth.
258.British astronomer who proposed that the comet observed in 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682
were the same comet. He then predicted correctly that the comet would return in 1758.
a. Edmond Halley
259.This British astronomer discovered Uranus and his sister Caroline was the first woman to
discover a comet.
a. William Herschel
261.The color of the hottest stars is violet , while the coolest stars tend to
be red .
267.A group of thousands of mostly older stars gathered in a relatively small area would most
likely be
a. Globular Cluster
268.In a degenerate helium core, temperature will continue to increase but the
internal pressure will not.
269.A star burning its hydrogen shell, but does not have enough heat to begin helium fusion,
will not collapse under gravity due to an effect described by the Pauli exclusion principle.
This effect is called electron degeneracy pressure.
270.Earth's shape, where the diameter along the polar axis is slightly less than the diameter at
the equator is called a/an oblate spheroid .
271.A flat structure where gas and dust particles are attracted to each other by gravity, which
some researchers speculate could form planets, is called a/an accretion
disc .
273.The largest volcano in the solar system is called and is found on the
planet Mars .
a. Olympus Mons
275.Early in the formation of the solar system, a sphere of hot gas was glowing in the center of
the system. This is called a because it has not yet become a star.
a. protosun
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276.99% of the matter in the solar system is found in the
a. Sun
277.The start of fall is marked by a point where earth receives equal amounts of day and night.
This is known as the .
a. autumnal equinox
279.The Hubble Telescope was repaired and is able to detect galaxies and stars that are light
years away from us.(T/F)
a. True
283.About 90% of stars fit in a section of the H-R diagram called the _________
a. main sequence
285.The classification system that uses letters and is used in HR Diagrams is based on
the of stars. (Hint: a property)
a. temperature
291.A group of thousands of mostly older stars gathered in a relatively small area would most
likely be
a. Globular Cluster
292.A nebula in which the gases have absorbed radiation from stars and glow by releasing it is
a(n) .
a. emission nebula
293.Which of the following stars allow astronomers to calculate distance due to a relationship
between their periodicity and luminosity?
a. Cepheids
294.After leaving the main sequence, a star that is one fifth the mass of our sun will most likely
become a _______.
a. red dwarf
295.During the winter solstice, the sun is at its farthest point south (north, south) of
its east to west motion.
299. are temporary dark spots on the Sun's surface correlated with increases in
solar radiation.
a. Sunspots
300.Distance, measured in degrees, north and south of the equator is .
a.latitude
301.Distance, measured in degrees, east and west of Greenwich, England is .
a. longitude
305.What is the approximate time that it takes Earth to rotate on its axis?
a. 24 hours
306.When giving coordinates for an object on the celestial sphere, the up and down position
given in degrees is called the:
a. Declination
307.Uranus's moon ______has a greater variety of Landforms than any solar system body yet
examined.
a. Miranda
312.The spectral classification system uses the letters to categorize stars from
Violet to Red.
a. OBAFGKM
317.The leftover material orbiting the young sun forms a flat, circular plane called
an accretion disc.
318.When the cloud collapsed to form the solar system, it began to spin due to its
angular momentum.
323.Explain the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe.
a. In the geocentric model, the sun and the planets revolve around Earth. In the
heliocentric model, Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.
326.Who was the first test pilot to successfully fly the X-1?
a. Chuck Yeager
327.What is the name of the dark region on the surface of the photosphere?
a. sunspot
330.The light gathering ability of a telescope is related to the diameter of its mirror.(T/F)
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a. True
332.The earth's poles "wobble" as it spins in a circle that takes 26,000 years to complete a
cycle. This wobbling is known as precession
333.The path the sun follows across the sky is called the ecliptic
334.The imaginary sphere around the Earth onto which astronomers project the stars when
locating objects is called the celestial sphere .
335.Explain the relationship between the Doppler effect and what astronomers call "red shift"
and "blue shift". Be sure to explain what we can learn about objects by observing the
Doppler effect and where the terms red shift and blue shift come from.
a. If the apparent frequency of EM waves is higher than the actual frequency, the object is
moving closer relative to earth. If the apparent frequency is lower than the actual
frequency, the object is moving away. It is called red shift and blue shift because in
visible light, an object moving away would look more red, while an object moving
toward the observer would look more blue due to the lower and higher frequencies
respectively.
336.What is the name of the relatively thin layer of the sun's atmosphere?
a. Chromosphere
339.The geocentric model was created by Aristotle who said that all planets
revolved around the Earth .
341.All stars eventually run out of fuel and collapse due to gravity.(T/F)
a. True
342.Explain the event called a helium flash. Be sure to include as much as possible of the
following:
what happens, the mass of stars this is likely to occur in, what temperature ranges it occurs
343.What is rotation?
a. The turning, or spinning, of a body on its axis.
352.The most famous geocentric model of the solar system, that was used for over a thousand
years, was created by a Roman mathematician and astronomer called Ptolemy
359.Does a star's position on the H-R diagram stay constant or does it change over time?
Explain.
a. Its position changes as it evolves depending on its mass.
361.List 3 ways that Remote-sensing technology has helped to improve modern life.
a. 1. This technique lets city planners better keep up with urban sprawl and gives soldiers
the latest maps of new terrain.
2. Remote-sensing spacecraft have become very helpful in preventing the destruction of
the environment, because they can precisely monitor large areas to evaluate the spread
of pollution and other damage.
3.Remote-sensing data can also help us manage other scarce resources by showing us
the best places to drill for water or oil.
4. there may be other correct answers as well.
362.Describe the life cycle of a massive star? Include all 8 possible steps.
a. Nebula-protostar-blue star-yellow star-super red giant star- supernova-black hole or
neutron star.
363. Wien 's Law can be paraphrased to "the hotter an object is, the bluer it is".
366.List the major features of the solar system in order from the sun to the interstellar medium.
You should include all 8 planets, the asteroid belt, the Kuiper belt, and the Oort cloud.
a . 1. Sun
2. Mercury
3. Venus
4. Earth
5. Mars
6. Asteroid Belt
7. Jupiter
8. Saturn
9. Uranus
10. Neptune
11. Kuiper Belt
12. Oort Cloud
13. Interstellar Medium
367.Compare and contrast the similarity between a lunar and solar eclipse.
a. Student answer(s) must indicate that A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes
directly behind the Earth into its umbra (shadow). Solar eclipse answers might include
options [total/full, partial eclipse] however, answer must indicate that the Moon passes
between the Earth and the Sun.
368.The point in the earth's orbit where the earth is furthest from the sun is called its .
a. aphelion
369.What is the name for the time of year in which Earth is farthest from the Sun?
a. aphelion
370. The time it takes the moon to go through a complete cycle of phases (from new moon to
new moon) is called a month. The time it takes the moon to make a complete
360 degree revolution is a sidereal month.
a. synodic
371.A star's color can tell you what its approximate temperature is.(T/F)
a. True
377.In Aristotle's geocentric model of our solar system, the was considered to be the
center of the universe.
a. earth
380.In the space provided or using a blank sheet of paper; draw(sketch) and label the phases of
the moon, starting with a full moon. Drawing/sketch must show Sun, Moon and Earth in
position with each other.
a. Student answers will vary. However, information should show the phases of the moon
starting in the position of a full moon.
383.If you put all the planets together, they would be larger than the Sun.
a. False
385.List three factors that control the apparent brightness of a star as seen from Earth.
how big it is, how hot it is, how far away it is
386.If the distance to a star is tripled, what will be the reduction in its brightness?
a. It is reduced to 1/9 the brightness
387.How could a star have a very high luminosity but a relatively low temperature?
a. The star could be very large
391.ow does the brightness of supergiant stars compare to the brightness of dwarf stars?
a. supergiants are brighter than dwarfs
392The majority of stars are located in which region of the H-R diagram?
a. main sequence
394.A H-R diagram shows the relationship between what two properties of stars?
a. temperature/spectral class and brightness/absolute magnitude
397.Betelgeuse is a reddish star. Based on this information, can you accurately locate
Betelgeuse on the H-R diagram? Explain.
a. No, need information about Betelgeuse's brightness, otherwise it could be a supergiant,
giant, or main sequence star.
398.Which region of the diagram would a K class star that is 100 time brighter than the Sun
fall?
a. Giants
402.The point in the earth's orbit where the earth is closest to the sun is called its .
a. perihelion
407.The geocentric theory claims that the is at the center of the universe.
a. earth
408.A star that explodes and sometimes leaves behind a neutron star is called
a(n) .
a. supernova
409.The telescope that uses both lenses and mirrors to gather light
a. composite telescope
410.A star enters the stage called the main sequence when what occurs?
a. It begins fusing hydrogen (begins the proton-proton chain)
413.According to the heliocentric theory, the is at the center of at least the solar system.
a. sun
415.The earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the sun
416. The ______ was useful for predicting dates and times at which
celestial bodies rose and set.
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a. Earth Centered Model
418. As the Earth orbits the sun, the length of days can change. What characteristic of the earth
makes this happen? It also causes us to have seasons.
a. The tilt of earth's axis
419.Name the eight stages in the life span of a star starting with its birth and ending with its
death.
a. Dust and gases, protostar, main sequence, red giant, variable stage, planetary nebula,
white dwarf, black dwarf
422.What is the difference between a total solar eclipse, an annular solar eclipse, and a partial
solar eclipse? In which is the corona visible?
a. A total eclipse is when the sun is completely blocked by the moon. The corona is visible.
An annular eclipse is when the moon passes directly in front of the sun but is too small
to block it out completely. A partial eclipse is when the moon does not pass directly in
front of the sun and only blocks a portion of it.
423. List the main three forms of radiation in which solar flares release energy.
a. Ultraviolet, radio, and X-ray
424.What is the name of the brief outburst associated with sunspot cluster?
a. Solar flare
430.How did Americans react when they found out that the Russians put a man in space before
they did?
a. Angry, Jealous, Inspired
431.What is the difference between a solar day and a sidereal day? Be sure to mention what
each is based upon, the degree of rotation, and the time it takes for each.
a. A solar day is based on the sun, it requires the earth to rotate 361 degrees, and takes 24
hours. A sidereal day is based on the stars, it requires the earth to rotate 360 degrees
and takes 23 hours 56 minutes.
435.Planets that are like the earth in density and size are called planets.
a. terrestrial
436.List the planets whose orbital planes lie more than 3 degrees from the plane of the sun's
equator.
a. Mercury (Pluto)
440.Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer, demonstrated that the orbits of the planets
have shapes.
a. elliptical
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441.How many hours of daylight does the North Pole receive on June 21st?
a.24 hours
447.What is the name of the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere called?
a. Corona
448.Kepler's second law states that an imaginary line between a planet and the sun, sweeps out
equal areas in equal time. What observable effect does this have on the revolution of the
planet?
a. It means the planet will speed up as it gets near its star and will slow down as it gets
farther from the sun.
450.The largest volcano on Mars is over two and one half times higher than Mount
Everest.(T/F)
a. True
456.Besides the sun, the solar system includes , dwarf planets, and small solar
system bodies such as asteroids and comets.
a. planets
460.The dwarf planet Makemake is about 46 AU away from the sun. How many Earth years
does it take Makemake to complete an orbit around the sun? (Round to a whole number)
a. 312 years
461.How did the earth and other planets' low eccentricity contribute to making the solar system
models of Copernicus and Galileo seem accurate until Kepler came along? (Be sure to
mention what eccentricity means and how Kepler was different)
a. A low eccentricity means an orbit is nearly circular. Since Copernicus and Galileo had
perfect circles, they worked very well, but not perfect. Kepler demonstrated that they
must be ellipses, rather than perfect circles.
471.In what way do the inner planets differ from the outer planets?
a. Inner planets are terrestrial and outer planets are gaseous.
472.What was the most important accomplishment of the Apollo moon missions?
a. Landing on the moon and collecting data and samples from the moon's surface.
473.Brahe's observations, especially of , were far more precise than any made
previously.
a. Mars
475.List 3 major forms of technology that have improved the ability of large optical telescopes
to see clearly and give a brief description of each.
a. CCD
Adaptive optics
Active optics
477. Different space telescopes collect the same information about an object in space.(T/F)
a. False
478. Moons are smaller objects that orbit a planet. A body that orbits a larger body can
also be called a .
a. satellite
483.Circle the letter of the answer that correctly describes Jupiter's mass.
a. 2 and one half times greater than the mass of all of the other planets and moons combined
488.Why do the auroral displays vary with the 11-year sunspot cycle?
a.Auroral displays are caused by sunspot activity.
494.Saturn has large cyclonic storms similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.(T/F)
a. True
499. Why do auroras occur near the polar regions instead of other locations on Earth?
a.The ionized particles in the solar flares are attracted to the north and south magnetic
poles of Earth's magnetic field.The ions follow the magnetic field lines because a force
is generated when they move with some component perpendicular to the lines, and the
field lines mostly reach Earth at the magnetic poles.
500.One piece of evidence that there was once water on Mars is that some areas have drainage
patterns similar to those made by Streams on Earth.
501.What does the retrograde motion of Neptune's moon Triton indicate about its origin?
a.Triton formed independently of Neptune and was gravitationally captured.
502.Give two reasons why the Jovian planets have much thicker atmospheres than the
terrestrial planets.
a.greater escape velocities, cooler temperature
506. Visible light makes up only a small portion of the energy given off by the sun.
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a.True
508.What unusual feature does Saturn's moon Titan share with Neptune's moon Triton?
a. They both have substantial atmospheres.
509.Why does the moon appear to be as large as the sun when viewed from the earth?
a.The moon is 400 times closer to the earth than the sun.
510.Describe the forces responsible for keeping the planets in orbit around the sun. Make sure
to appropriately use the words: inertia, angular momentum, and gravity. What scientist is
responsible for developing the ideas and models to explain this?
a. Planetary orbits are created by a balance between angular centripetal forces and the
gravitational pull of the moon. Inertia is the force of an object in motion that keeps it in
motion unless acted upon by another force.
512. Copernicus developed a model of the solar system with the sun at the
center.
514.List the four main differences between the terrestrial and Jovian planets.
a. Size, Density, Chemical Makeup, Rate of rotation
515.What planet is the brightest object in the sky, after the sun and moon?
a. Venus
521.What will happen to the Sun before it dies and how does it affect Mercury and Venus?
a. Before the sun dies it will expand, when this happens it will consume Mercury and
Venus.
523.The idea that the moon, sun, and known planets orbit Earth is called
the geocentric model of the universe.
524.To escape from a planet's gravity, an object must reach a speed called
the escape velocity .
525.How would geometry and trigonometry have been useful to early astronomers?
a. These would have provided a method of approximating sizes and distances.
528.What Mercury astronaut had a pulse rate of 170 at lift-off-John Glenn, Alan Shepard or
Gus Grissom?
a. Gus Grissom
a. Eight
539Why does the moon exert a greater influence on Earth's tides than the sun?
a. It is closer
540.Write the color a star appears for each surface temperature range listed below.
a. orange-red <3,000°C
blue 25,000°C−50,000°C
yellow 4,500°C−5,500°C
white 7,500°C−11,000°C
541.Spring tides are associated with the first and last quarter phases of the moon.(T/F)
a. False
542.Messier 95 is classified as a SBb galaxy using the Hubble sequence. Which of the
following best describes the classification of Messier 95?
a. barred spiral galaxy
543.Earth is the densest and 5th largest planet in our solar system.(T/F)
a. True
545.Why does the moon exert a greater influence on the Earth's tides than the sun?
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a. It is closer
546.Eccentricity refers to
a. the elliptical shape of the Earth's orbit
553.Which chemical or gas produces a green-blue to blue color in Uranus and Neptune?
a. methane
555.Which part of the comet is on the opposite side of the comet from the sun?
a. tail
557.Aristotle provided the first ideas that the Earth was round.(T/F)
a. True
558.We know a lot about the ancient Egyptians and how they used astronomy.(T/F)
a. False
563.Caroline Hershel Helped her brother discover the planet Uranus, but was not credited with
any assistance. (T/F)
a. True
564.Ancient Mesopotamians are credited with using 12 major constellations that became the
foundation for astrology.(T/F)
a. True
565.Maximilian Wolfe was responsible for studying asteroids and creating a camera that could
connect to a telescope.(T/F)
a. True
566.Tycho Brahe identified and cataloged over 1000 stars and changed the way astronomers
looked at the skies. (T/F)
a. True
568.A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. (T/F)
a. False
569.Uranus is the planet furthest from the sun at approximately 2.8 billion miles.(T/F)
a. False
570.The solar variability theory states that the sun puts out inconsistent amounts of
energy.(T/F)
a. True
572.Jupiter is composed of .
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a. hydrogen and helium
573.An path corresponds to the zodiac constellations and the apparent path of the
sun through the sky.
a. ecliptic
574.The daily rising in the east and setting in the west of celestial objects is known as
Circumpolar motion. (T/F)
a. False
575.The slow conical motion of the Earth's axis of rotation due to the gravitational effects of
the Sun and Moon is known as .
a. precession
576.The horizon system divides the celestial dome into imaginary lines referred to
as altitude and .
a. azimuth
577.Looking into the sky, the appears overhead, with the other half below
the horizon.
a. celestial dome
578. utilizes the Sun and stars to find ones position on Earth.
a. Celestial navigation
579.Who was the first person to propose that Earth and the other planets move around the sun?
a. Copernicus
580. is one of Jupiter's moons and also the largest moon in the solar system.
a. Ganymede
582.How much larger is Jupiter than all the other planets combined?
a. 2.5 times larger
584.If we compare two stars of different temperature, the hotter star emits more energy from
each unit area of surface, so it
a. will have a brighter absolute magnitude
B Giants
A Supergiant
E White Dwarfs
D Main Sequence
587. is the process where the hydrogen atoms are joined to form helium and release
tons of energy.
a. Nucler fusion
588.Alpha Centauri has a parallax of 0.74 arcsec. What is the approximate distance to Alpha
Centauri in parsecs?
a. 1.35 parsec
590.Sunspots seem to move across the surface of the Sun. This proves .
a. the sun rotates
592.The gravitational pull between the moon and earth causes waves on the ocean and seas to
increase/decrease. (T/F)
a. True
593.He invented calculus, laws of physical motion, and a law of universal gravitation.
a. Isaac Newton
597.The core of sun is ______ degree Celsius hot and has very
high pressure allowing fusion.
a. 15 million
601.Seasonal motion is the cycle that brings the same stars to back to their same place at the
same time each year. (T/F)
a. True
605.Large round pits, some hundreds of miles across, made by meteorite impacts.
a. Craters
611.His book that described the sun-centered universe, de Revolutionibus, was published after
his death.
a. Nicholas Copernicus
612. M89 is an elliptical galaxy classified as E0. NGC 584 is an E4 elliptical galaxy. Which
statement best compares the morphology of the two galaxies?
a. NGC 584 has a more elliptical shape than M89
613. The height of the tide depends upon the relative positions of ________
a. Sun, Earth , and Moon
619.What is the fuel for the nuclear fusion in the sun's core?
a. Hydrogen
620.The Sun makes up about 50% of the mass in our Solar System. (T/F)
a. False
623. are huge, reddish loops of gas, which often link or connect sunspots.
a. Prominences
626.The Earth casts a shadow on the moon (the Earth blocks out the sun).
a. Lunar eclipse
627.The moon casts a shadow on Earth (moon blocks out the sun).
a. Solar eclipse
628.A shadow that one object casts on another space object (blocks the light).
a. Eclipse
629.Moon mountains, formed by the peaks of craters, that give the moon a rugged landscape.
a. Highlands
632. Not long after the death of Nicholas Copernicus, a Danish nobleman used giant
instruments to make observations of the planet's motions with unprecedented accuracy. This
man was .
a. Tycho Brahe
634. Johannes Kepler's theory was based upon analysis of planet observations taken
by .
a. Tycho Brahe
636. are dark spots on the surface of the Sun. They are dark because they
contain cooler gas compared to the surroundings.
a. Sunspots
639. means crown. It looks like a Halo/Crown and is the outermost layer of Sun's
atmosphere.
a. Corona
640.A star has a parallax of 0.5 arc sec. Calculate the distance to the star in parsecs.
a. d = 1/0.5 = 2 parsecs
642.A large piece of space debris, such as an asteroid, that crashes into a planet is called a
a. bolide
643.Venus has a surface temperature of
a. 475° Celcius
644.A large piece of space debris, such as an asteroid, that crashes into a planet is called a
a. bolide
648.One AU is equal to the distance between the Sun and the Earth, which is
about miles.
a. 93,000,000
649.What is the name of the icy bodies that lie beyond Neptune's orbit?
654.Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun and it takes a total of 84 earth years to
orbit the sun.
655.The rings of Uranus are made up of a thin layer of dark boulders and
they were discovered during an occultation .
659. Percival Lowell spent his life looking for a planet beyond Neptune
but couldn't find it. Even though his approximations were irrelevant, Clyde
Tombaugh found Pluto 6 degrees from the predicted position by accident.
660.The New Horizons probe, due to arrive in 2015 , will send the
first close-up images of Pluto and its moons.
a. Gamma matrix
662. The boundary of a black hole at which everything including light is pulled into it is called?
a. higgs fields
664. The mass above which stars could turn into a supernovae is called?
a. Chandrasekhar limit
a. Membrane Theory
a. Titus-bode law
670. _______ and _______ are said to have inferior orbits due to their greater nearness to the
sun than earth
a. mercury&Venus
671. When mercury or Venus is in line with the sun and the earth it is called?
a. conjunction
672. "_________" of the astrologers the same as the nine planets known to astronomers?
a. Navagrahas
673. The estimated total mass of all the asteroids is less than ____ per cent of the earth's
mass
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a. 0.1
a. G.V. Schiaparelli
675. In which year,Uranus was found to have thin rings around its equator.
a. 1977
a. 76 earth years
a. ellipse
a. 2
a. 1882
a. Chinese
682. The '________' symbol is believed to be a representation of a comet with multiple gas
jets.
a. swastika
683. The '________' symbol is believed to be a representation of a comet with multiple tails.
a. menorah
684. In 1846, the comet _______was observed to split into two fragments which moved
together with each part showing all the characteristics of a comet including head and tail.
a. biela
a. shoemaker-levy-9
a. oort
688. Space probe Giotto was launched from earth in ______ on a fifteen-year mission.
a. 1985
689. By international convention ______ number of major constellations has now been
recognized.
a. eighty eight
690. In modern sky charts, ______ alphabets are used to designate the stars in a
constellation.
a. Greek
a. twelve
a. wobbling axis
696. In which constellation is Alpha Centauri (mitra), the star system closest to the sun,
located?
a. Centaurs (naraturanga).
697. What is the relative mass of earth with respect to the moon?
699. Barycenter of the earth moon system located about _____ km below the earth's surface.
a. 27.322
701. In which year, Sir William Herschel discovered the existence of the planet Uranus.
a. 1781
a. terrestrial
a. gas giants
704. The period of one day for mercury is _____ earth days?
a. 59
a. Galileo Galilee
a. mars
707. Deimos is about _____ km away and phobos is less than _____km away
708. Whose laws specify the sun as one focus of the planet's elliptical orbit.
a. Kepler's law
a. earth
a. Saturn
711. Comets with short orbital periods are located in what region?
a. Kuiper belt
a. Jupiter
714. How long does the sun take to complete one revolution around the centre of the milky
way galaxy?
a. quasi-stellar object
a. mount Wilson
a. 1 to 60 days
a. cosmology
719. The cataclysmic explosion at the time of the birth of the universe has been nicknamed
as?
a. "big bang"
720. ______ refers to the rarefied matter that exists in the space between the galaxies.
a. inter-galactic matter
721. The Pleiades and the Hyades are examples of _______ visible to the naked eye.
a. galactic clusters
a. Venus
723. What is the first planet to be discovered mathematically rather than by observation?
a. Neptune
724. What was the name of the first man-made satellite in space?
a. sputnik
725. The length of an earth day is determined by the time required for approximately one
a. earth rotation
743. Rounded to the nearest day, the Mercurian year is equal to___ earth days?
a. 88
744. What is the duration of sunspot cycle?
a. 11 years
745. The hertzsprung-russel diagram of stars directly compares what all properties of stars?
a. temperature & luminosity
748. What is the name given to the configuration when three celestial bodies are in a line?
a. syzygy
749. What term is used in astronomy to indicate the reflecting power of an object?
a. albedo
750. The visual aurora consists of luminous arcs, rays or bands in the night sky, usually
confined to high latitudes and located in _________ region of atmosphere.
a. ionosphere
751. Phobos and deimos (pron: dee-mos) are moons that orbit which planet?
a. mars
752. The two main radiation belts that surround the earth are known by what name?
a. Van Allen belts
756. Whose paradox asks why the sky is not ablaze with starlight if the universe is infinite in
extent and uniformly filled with stars?
a. Olber's paradox
761. What name is given to the situation where the sun crosses the celestial equator around
March 21?
a. VERNAL EQUINOX
763. What causes the gas tail of a comet to always point away from the sun?
a. solar wind
765. What is the point at which the orbit of Mercury comes closest to the Sun called?
a. PERIHELION
766. What is a star like object with a very large red shift called?
a. quasar.
767. Name the type of variable star which is a red dwarf star and shows rapid and irregular
changes in light?
a. FLARE STAR
768. What is the name of the spacecraft that used Jupiter's gravitational field to redirect its
course toward the Sun's polar regions?
a. ULYSSES
a. Debra Fischer.
770. The fabrication of the two-element achromatic objective lens, the largest lens ever made
at the time, caused years of delay. The famous large telescope maker was in charge of the
optical design. Who was that?
a.Alvan Clark.
771. A planetary nebula, often abbreviated as PN or plural PNe, is a kind of emission nebula
consisting of an expanding glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late
in their lives .who invented planetary Nebula?
a.William Herschel
772. Amalthea is the third moon of Jupiter in order of distance from the planet. It was
discovered on September 9, 1892, who discovered it?
773. Source of long-period comets is thought to be the far more distant spherical Oort cloud
(after the Dutch astronomer who hypothesized its existence).who is that Dutch astronomer?
a.Jan HendrikOort.
774. Which Greek historian reported that a comet(3D/Biela in 1846 and 73P/Schwassmann–
Wachmann from 1995 to 2006 ) split apart as far back as the winter , Comets are suspected
of splitting due to thermal stress, internal gas pressure, or impact ?
a.Ephorus.
775. A scientist using his Principia Mathematica of 1687 proved that an object moving under
the influence of his inverse square law of universal gravitation must trace out an orbit
shaped like one of the conic sections, and he demonstrated how to fit a comet's path through
the sky to a parabolic orbit, using the comet of 1680 as an example. Who is that?
a. Issac newton
776. Delta Equulei is the second brightest star in the constellation Equuleus. Delta Equulei is
a binary star system about 60 light years away. Who later showed this to be an unrelated
optical double star?
777. Northern star is the brightest star in the constellation, Ursa Minor, and the 45th brightest
star in the night sky. It is very close to the north celestial pole. Who invented it?
a.Ptolemy.
779. Capella is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga, the sixth brightest in the night
sky and the third brightest in the northern celestial hemisphere. Who observed it first and
stated it as a binary star?
a.Professor William Wallace Campbell of the Lick Observatory announced that Capella was
binary in 1899.
780. A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other celestial
bodies. The Sun's corona extends millions of kilometres into space and is most easily seen
during a total solar eclipse. Who observed and studied about it for the first time.?
a.BengtEdlén, following the work of Grotrian (1939), first identified the coronal lines in 1940.
781. GK Persei (also Nova Persei 1901) was a bright nova occurring in 1901. It reached a
maximum magnitude of 0.2, the brightest nova of modern times until Nova Aquilae 1918.
Who discovered It.?
a.Nova Persei 1901 was discovered 21 February by Scottish clergyman Thomas David
Anderson.
782. Which team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extra solar planets?
783. Who was instrumental in the creation of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina
(begun 1999) which gathered the data that led to major discoveries in cosmic-ray
astronomy?
a.Alan Andrew Watson, FRS, (born 26 September 1938, Edinburgh) is an Emeritus Professor
at the University of Leeds, UK.
784. Who discovered the first known periodic variable star (as opposed to cataclysmic
variables, such as novas and supernovas), Mira, in August 1596?
a.David Fabricius.
785. Who discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter, the mountains on the Moon, and first
observed the rings of Saturn?
a.Galileo,
786. Who engaged in the SAS-II Small Gamma Ray Astronomy Satellite experiment
development, data analysis, and first detection and imaging of our universe in gamma rays ?
a.HakkıBoranÖgelman.
Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is a supernova remnant (SNR) in the constellation Cassiopeia and the
brightest extra solar radio source in the sky at frequencies above 1 GHz. It had a flux density
of 2720±50 Jy at 1 GHz in 1980;[3] its flux density at 1 GHz is decreasing at a rate of
0.97±0.04 percent per year.
788. Who predicted that Cas A had a black hole In 1999, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
found a "hot point-like source" close to the center of the nebula that is quite likely the
neutron star or black hole predicted but not previously found?
a.Sgr A* was discovered on February 13 and 15, 1974, by astronomers Bruce Balick and
Robert Brown using the baseline interferometer of the National Radio Astronomy
Observatory
790. The Andromeda Galaxy is a spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years
(2.4×1019 km) from Earth in the Andromeda constellation. Also known as Messier 31, M31,
or NGC 224, it is often referred to as the Great Andromeda Nebula in older texts.The
Andromeda Galaxy is the nearest spiral galaxy to our Milky Way galaxy. Who discovered
the same?
a.Germ an astronomer Simon Marius on December 15, 1612
791. A supermassive black hole (SMBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of
hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses. Most—and possibly all—galaxies are
inferred to contain a supermassive black hole at their centers.In the case of the Milky Way,
the SMBH is believed to correspond with the location of Sagittarius A*. Who observed it for
the first time?
792. Messier 87 (also known as M87, Virgo A or NGC 4486) is a supergiant elliptical
galaxy. It was discovered in 1781 by French astronomer Charles Messier, who cataloged it
as a nebulous feature. The second brightest galaxy within the northern Virgo Cluster, it is
located about 16.4 million parsecs (53.5 million light-years) from Earth. Who discovered it?
794. Who was the master brain behind the invention of “satellite-borne detectors
“whichwere developed to measure the threat to survival in space environments?
a.Tony McDonnell.
795. Who was the principal author of the Vis5D, Cave5D and VisAD open source
visualization systems?
a. Bill Hibbard.
Vis5D was the first open-source 3D visualization system and is the leading system for
animated 3-D visualization of weather simulations. Cave5D is the most widely used
software system for scientific visualization in immersive virtual reality. VisAD is the
leading visualization system written in Java.
796. Who was the lady behind the Developing solar system exploration programs for
NASA; she was the Director Emeritus of the Geophysical Laboratory?
797. Who designed and ran the orbiting Mars camera (part of the larger Mars Global
Surveyor spacecraft) which took more than 212,000 high-resolution photos of Mars over a
nine-year period?
a.Michael C. Malin.
798. Which was the space scientist who was director of Germany's Max Planck Institute
for Aeronomy from 1974 to 1990 and received awards Rutherford Medal (RSNZ)
1994,Chapman Medal (RAS) 1994,Fellow of the Royal Society etc .And his research was
focused on the interaction of the sun with the magnetic field of earth (magnetosphere) or the
interstellar medium (heliosphere).?
799. Who is the British space scientist and former President of the Royal Astronomical
Society (2012-2014). Until 2011 he was Director of Science and Robotic Exploration at the
European Space Agency.?
a.David Southwood.
800. Who is the American space scientist worked on space elevators, including a lunar
space elevator?
801. Who received the NASA Exceptional Service Medal in 1984 for his work on the
IRAS and the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal for his work on the Voyager encounter
with Uranus.?
a.William I. McLaughlin
802. Who established a station for ionospheric observations in Tsumeb, Namibia and
cooperated with the Finnish EISCAT facility in Sodankylä?
a. Walter Dieminger.
803. Who was the scientist designed the heat shields for Apollo program spacecraft and
was named the principal investigator for NASA's Kepler mission (was awarded the United
States National Academy of Science’s Henry Draper Medal for his work with Kepler.)?
a.William J. Borucki.
804. Who was the space scientist who developed instruments for Apollo 15, Apollo 16,
Apollo 17, the Pioneer Venus project, and Giotto mission? He also designed the mass
spectrometer for the Phoenix Mars Lander mission in May 2008?
a. John H. Hoffman.
805. Who was awarded the “Giordano Bruno Award” by the SETI League, "for his efforts
to establish a radio observatory on the far side of the Moon?
a. Claudio Maccone.
806. Whoisthe only known developer of liquid propellant rocket engine experiments and
was Peruvian scientist, who is considered one of the "fathers of aeronautics?
a. Pedro Paulet.
807. The U.S. first launched a person into space within a month of Vostok 1 suborbital
flight in Mercury-Redstone 3?
a. Alan Shepard's.
808. Who wasthe first woman in space, orbited the Earth 48 times aboard Vostok 6 on 16
June 1963?
a.Valentina Tereshkova.
a.Yang Liwei.
810. The German V-2 was the first rocket to travel into space, overcoming the problems
of thrust and material failure.Who all was the masterminds behind this?
a.Hubertus Strughold
812. Which scientist placed the sun, not the Earth, at the center of the solar system?
a.Nicolaus Copernicus.
813. Who devised mathematical laws that successfully and accurately predict the motions of
the planets in elliptical orbits?
a.Johannes Kepler.
814. Who discovered that Jupiter has moons like the Earth?
a.Galileo Galilei.
815. Who determined that comets seen in 1531 and 1607 are the same object following a 76-
year orbit? His prediction is proven in 1758 when the comet returns. Unfortunately, he had
died in 1742, missing the momentous event. Who Is that ?
a. Edmund Halley.
816. Which scientists (brother and sister) found that the entire sky and prove that our solar
system resides in a gigantic disk of stars that bulges in the center called the Milky Way ?
817. Who unveiled the theory of general relativity in which he proposes that mass warps
both time and space; therefore large masses can bend light. The theory is proven in 1919 by
astronomers using a solar eclipse as a test. ?
a. Albert Einstein.
818. Who determined the distance to many nearby galaxies and discovers that the farther
they are from us, the faster they are flying away from us. ?His calculations prove that the
universe is expanding.
a.Edwin Hubble.
820. Which scientists discovered cosmic microwave background radiation, which they
suspect is the afterglow of the big bang?
a.Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.
821. Who is the Space James webbTelescope Project Scientist Wins Nobel Prize for Physics
- NASA 2006?
a.John.C.Mather
822. A lady astronaut spends six months aboard the International Space Station Expedition
5; performed a 4-hour space walk to install parts of the Space Station structures; and she was
the first NASA Science Officer. Who is she??
823. Who was the master mind behind Hubble Space Telescope ?
a. John Mather, PhD
Nobel Prize in Physics (2006).
824. Who was the Chief scientist for theHubble Space Telescope?
a.Edward Weiler, PhD.
825. “I have been very fortunate to beamong a very small group ofindividuals to have seen
the HubbleSpace Telescope in space—twice. Who is this astronaut ?
a.Steven Hawley, PhD
Astronaut on STS-41D (1984),
STS-61C (1986), STS-31 (1990),
STS-82 (1997), and STS-93 (1999).
826. “On July 23, 1999, I had the incredible privilegeof commanding the Space Shuttle
Columbia, which took the Chandra X-ray Observatory into space”. This words was said by
the NASA’s first woman Space Shuttle pilot and commander. Who is she?
a.Eileen Collins
Colonel, US Air Force (retired).
827. Who is the Associate director for research at NASA Headquarters Earth Science
Division.?
a.Jack Kaye, PhD.
829. SIR-C* flight, which demonstrated for thefirst time ‘color’ imaging radars with
multifrequency/multi-polarizationcapability, and it is still considered the ‘gold standard’ for
later missions;and 2) the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission flight, which
revolutionizedtopographic mapping by acquiring global digital topography data
usinginterferometric radar. Both of these flight missions was controlled and Organised by??
a.CharlesElachi, PhD
Director of Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute of Technology.
830. Principal investigator orco-investigator on seven space missions, starting with STS-9
(1983). Alternate payload specialist on STS-58 (1993). Founding director of the National
Space Biomedical Research Institute.Apollo Program professor of astronautics and professor of
health sciences and technology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Identify the person
?
833. “Shuttle left a legacy, albeit incomplete, of the theory andpractice for exercise
countermeasures in space. Whowas the principal investigator and original inventor of the
shuttle treadmill.
a.William Thornton, MD, astronaut.
836. Scientists behind the invention ofReal-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds
using chemical ionization mass spectrometry?
837. Who are the scientists behind the invention of HEPA filter ?
a.Peter Tsai, Sanjiv R. Malkan
The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation.
838. Nobel Prize winner in medicine, 1976.Professor of Medicine Fox Chase Cancer
Center.Former director of Astrobiology Ames Research Center, California. Identify the
person?
839. Who was the inventor behind ”Animal Holding Facility “ in space shuttles?
a. Thinh T. Nguyen
840. Which scientist was behind the study of frog embryology in absence of gravity?
a.Mark Lee
841.
a.William Thornton,
842. The Biomass Production System installed on STS-111 (2002) carrying plants grown in
the InternationalSpace Station (ISS) for return to Earth. Who was The ISS Flight Engineer
(pictured) conducted all of the plant experiments?
a.Dan Bursch.
843. Which scientist, in the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, activates the MICROBE
experiment, which investigated changes to Salmonella virulence after growth in space?
a.Astronaut HeidemarieStefanyshyn-Piper.
845. Who was behind Microgravity—A Toolto Provide New Targetsfor Vaccine Design
(Fluid Processing Apparatus)?
847. Who was the, payload specialist for the mission, working at the Drop Physics Module
using the glove box inside the first US Microgravity Laboratory science module on STS-
50.?
848. The person in the picture, in the year 1899, was the first to _____??
849. The person in the photo below is known to have formulated an equation on the thermal
ionization of elements. Name the person__
a. Meghnad Saha
850. The person in the picture below founded the physical research laboratory in
Ahmedabad, name the person____
852. The satellite shown in the image was names after a great personality who contributed
greatly to astronomy name it?
a. XMM Newton
853. The equipment in the picture shown below was named after a scientist name it
854. The person in the picture below founded an organization closely linked with space
exploration name the person___
855. The woman in the picture holds a reputable position at a us space agency who is the
person___
856. The person in the picture is the CEO of a space agency name person___
857. . Which of the following BEST explains why there are more craters on the moon than
on the earth?
a. Earth has an atmosphere.
858. .Which planet has the "Great Dark Spot", which is blown around by strong winds and is
larger in size than Earth?
Neptune
860. .What makes the outer planets different than the inner planets?
861. .Which of these planets in the solar system most likely has a mass 300 times greater
than the mass of Earth?
a. Jupiter
869. .A frozen chunk of ice dust whose orbit around the sun is elliptical is called
a .
a. comet
870. If Neptune was hollow, about how many Earth's could fit in it?
a. 60
a.F
880. Which planet has the biggest known storm and how
many times can Earth fit inside it?
a.Jupiter’s storm can fit 2-3 Earth’s inside of it.
881. Which planet has a longer day than its year, and how is
this possible?
a.Venus. It takes longer for Venus to rotate once than it does for it to orbit all
the way around the sun.
882. How many moons does Mars have?
a.Two, Phobos and Diemos
883. What is the first planet to be discovered mathematically rather than by observation?
a.Neptune
884. Which planet rotates on its side?
a.Uranus
894. Name two things you can do to protect the world from light pollution.
a. Use motion sensors, use timers, turn out lights when not in use, use fully-shielded lights, use energy
efficient lights, make sure lights aren’t too bright.
895. Name all of the components of the solar system in order including stars, planets, asteroid belts,
and clouds.
a.Sun, Mercury Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Kuiper Belt,
Pluto, OortCloud
896. At any time we may describe the position of an inferior planet by the angle it makes with the
sun as seen from the earth. This angle is called the:
a. ELONGATION
897. Phobos and Deimos (pron: DEE-mos) are moons that orbit which planet?
a. MARS
898. : The largest moon in our solar system has an atmosphere that is denser than the atmosphere of
Mars. The name of this moon is:
a. TITAN
899. The two main radiation belts that surround the earth are known by what name?
900. On which of the following planets would the sun rise in the west?
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a. VENUS
901. Which planet seems to be turned on its side with an axis tilt of 98 degrees?
a. URANUS
902. The planet Neptune was found by studying the deviations in another planet's orbit. Name the
other planet discovered in this fashion.
a. URANUS
903. The angle that the full moon takes up in the night sky is equal to which of the following values?
a. 1/2 DEGREE
a. 29.5 DAYS
905.When a superior planet is at opposition it is making an angle of how many degrees with the sun?
a. 180 DEGREES
907..Galileo discovered something about Venus with his telescope that shook the old theories. Which of
the following was Galileo's discovery?
909. The law that says that all planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits is which of Kepler's three
laws?
a. FIRST
910. Name the astronomer who discovered that Mars orbits the sun in an elliptical orbit.
a. KEPLER
910. Name the phase that the moon is in for each type of eclipse, lunar and solar: w) Full moon for
both phases
911. The orbital plane of the moon is how many degrees inclined from the ecliptic?
a. 5 DEGREES
912. Which JOVIAN planet rotates slower than the earth?
a. NONE
a. URANUS
914. Is a sunspot hotter, cooler, or about the same temperature as the region around it?
a. COOLER
915. In the lowest level of the photosphere of the Sun, the temperature is: w) 1,000 degrees Kelvin
916. A Galactic year is the length of time that it takes our sun to orbit the galaxy. In Earth years, how
long is a Galactic year?
917. A first magnitude star is how many times brighter than a second magnitude star?
a. 2.5
918. What is the name of the star that is the BRIGHTEST in the sky?
a. SIRIUS
917. Which of the following constellations has more bright stars than any other constellation?
a. ORION
918. 27.A line through the three stars in Orion's belt points toward which one of the following stars?
a. SIRIUS
919. 28.A pulsar is actually a:
a. NEUTRON STAR
920. 29.In the Milky Way there are approximately
a. 200 BILLION STARS
921. 30.Which of the following words best describes the shape of our galaxy?
a. SPIRAL
a. PROXIMA CENTAURI
923. On February 9, 1991, ROSAT, an orbiting observatory, finished the first ever all-sky survey of:
a. X-RAYS
a. MERCURY
925. The Asteroid Belt is between the orbits of which two planets?
a. VOLCANIC ERUPTION
928. A black hole with the mass of the earth would be the size of: w) the Sun
a. A MARBLE
a. TWELVE
a. SIX
932. Whose paradox asks why the sky is not ablaze with starlight if the universe is infinite in extent
and uniformly filled with stars?
a. OLBER'S
933. On one of the moon landings astronauts left an object on the moon. Scientists periodically
bounce a laser beam off of this object to measure the distance between the earth and the moon. What
is this object?
a. MIRROR
a. TELESCOPES
935. How large of an angle is the tilt of the Earth's spin axis from the normal to the ecliptic plane?
936. What are the two bright spots of light on opposite sides of a halo around the sun called?
a. SUN DOGS
938. What are the Geminids (pron: JEM-in-ids), the Perseids (pron: PER-see-ids), and the Leonids
(pron: LEE-o-nids)?
a. METEOR SHOWERS
Laika, the first living creature to orbit the earth was what type of animal?
939. Laika, the first living creature to orbit the earth was what type of animal?
a.DOG
a.4 TIMES
a.DISTANCE
943. What is the name of the class that the andromeda Galaxy belongs to?
a.SPIRAL
945. What was the year of the first lunar landing by man ?
a.1969
a.MARIA
949. This is a question for you budding young astronomers. What is the sidereal period of the moon?
950. "The Swan" is the English name for this constellation. Give me the Latin name by which this
constellation is known.
a.CYGNUS
951. A white dwarf has a mass of roughly one solar mass but a size of about: w) a basketball
a.THE EARTH
952. Sirius was identified as a binary star long before its small companion was seen. What kind of
star is the small companion of this binary system?
a.WHITE DWARF
953. Which of the following can be used to see through Venus's clouds?
a.RADAR
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954. Name the Chicago area astronaut that drove the Lunar Rover during the Apollo 17 mission to
the moon? A space center is named after this astronaut at Triton College in River Grove.
a. (EUGENE) CERNAN
955. What is the type of reflecting telescope in which the light focused by the primary mirror is
intercepted short of focal point and refocused by a secondary mirror through a hole in the center of
the primary mirror?
a.CASSEGRAIN OR CASSEGRAINIAN
956. The only supernova explosion in modern times visible in the sky to the naked eye became
visible in which year?
957. To within 5% what fraction, by mass, of the observable matter in our universe is helium?
958. What is the source of energy in a supernova explosion? ( Name or describe the force).
a.1930
960. What motivated 18th century astronomers to search for a planet with an orbit about 2.8
AU from the sun?
a. there is a large gap between the orbital distances of Mars and Jupiter
a.NEPTUNE
965. Andromeda, the nearest galaxy which is similar to the Milky Way, is how far from the Earth? Is
it:
a.2,000,000 LIGHT YEARS
966. The angular position of an object measured from a fixed point along the horizon is its:
a.AZIMUTH
967. The precession of the Earth refers to the:
a.CHANGE IN ORIENTATION OF THE EARTH'S AXIS.
968. Algol (pron: AL-gall), the Demon star, is a binary star whose larger component revolves around
and regularly eclipses the smaller, brighter star causing periodic changes in brightness. The
constellation that Algol is in is also noted for meteor showers that appear annually in August. Name
the constellation.
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a.PERSEUS (pron: PER-see-us)
969. The term "Parsec", a unit of measure for interstellar space, is a contraction of what two words?
a.PARALLAX SECOND
970. The angular position of the sun at solar noon with respect to the plane of the equator is the
definition of:
973. The largest circular storm in our solar system is on the surface of
which planet?
a.JUPITER
974. .Which one of the following planets has no moons?
a.VENUS
a.MERCURY
976. In kilometers, the earth's average distance from the sun is roughly which of the
following distances?
a.150 MILLION
977. 87.The gravity on the moon is what fraction of the gravity on the earth?
a.1/6
978. The rocks that enter the earth's atmosphere and blaze a trail all the way to the ground
and do not burn up completely are known as:
a.METEORITES
979. 89.95% of the Martian atmosphere is composed of what substance?
a.CARBON DIOXIDE
980. How many of Jupiter's moons did Galileo see with his first telescope?
a.FOUR
Retrograde
a.RETROGRADE
983. In the Copernican system, what is the shape of the planets' orbits?
a.CIRCLE
984. With which one of the following astronomical objects are meteor showers associated?
a.COMETS
985. In what year did Galileo first use an optical telescope to study the moon?
a.1611
986. A device which would not work on the Moon is:
a.SIPHON
a.JUPITER
a.HALLEY'S COMET
a.SUN
990. What are Callisto and Ganymede? (pronounced Call-IS-toe and GAN-ee-meaz)
a.Earth
a.Mars
a.Milky Way
a.Sol
a.Star
996. What objects gravitational pull is so great that nothing – not even light can escape from
it?
a.Black Hole
997. Based on their average distance from the Sun, what is the order of the planets?
998. The name of a small object made of ice, frozen gas, and dust that orbits the sun is?
a.Comet
999. How long does it take the earth to go around the sun?
a.One Year
a.NASA
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