Petrel 2015 What's New

E&P SOFTWARE PLATFORM
Version 2015
WHAT’S NEW GUIDE
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Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 2 1 March 2016

Contents
Welcome to Petrel 2015 ............................................................................................................... 18
Geophysics .................................................................................................................................... 19
Geophysics: General ......................................................................................................................... 19
2015.4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Performance .................................................................................................................................. 19
Predictive intersection caching................................................................................................................. 19
Improvements ................................................................................................................................................. 19
2015.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Interactive Mesh Editing ............................................................................................................... 19
Mesh inspector .............................................................................................................................................. 19

Mesh editing tool palette: Callout ............................................................................................................. 20
Contextual tab for editable triangle mesh object................................................................................... 20
Convert to multi-Z interpretation: inline/crossline increment ............................................................ 21
Velocity Modeling .......................................................................................................................... 22
Make bi-directional model.......................................................................................................................... 22
2015.2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
ZGY Local disk caching ................................................................................................................. 22
Seismic system settings ................................................................................................................ 24
Interpretation window ................................................................................................................... 24
Horizon rendering .......................................................................................................................... 25
Seismic Mixer ................................................................................................................................ 25
Performance .................................................................................................................................. 26
2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
SEG-Y toolbox 2D ........................................................................................................................... 26
Merge SEG-Y utility....................................................................................................................................... 26
Horizon stratigraphy ...................................................................................................................... 27
Horizon metadata ........................................................................................................................... 27
Horizon rendering .......................................................................................................................... 29
Inspectors ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Horizon inspector .......................................................................................................................................... 29

Probe inspector.............................................................................................................................................. 30
Seismic composite......................................................................................................................... 30
Seismic overlay .............................................................................................................................. 31
Seismic Mixer ................................................................................................................................ 31
Flip/Roll............................................................................................................................................................ 32
RBG/CMY Blend ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Masking ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Volume attributes........................................................................................................................... 33
Generalized Spectral Decomposition ....................................................................................................... 33
Trace AGC (iterative) and RMS (iterative) attributes ............................................................................ 34
Horizon interpretation ................................................................................................................... 35
3D Autotracking ............................................................................................................................................. 35

Interpretation mode switches .................................................................................................................... 35
Interactive Mesh Editing ............................................................................................................... 37
Velocity modeling .......................................................................................................................... 39
Robustness and performance ..................................................................................................................... 39
Velocity points to cube................................................................................................................................. 39
Min/max functions velocity cube .............................................................................................................. 39
Simple velocity model .................................................................................................................................. 40
Advanced velocity model ............................................................................................................................ 40
RPT transfer velocity model made from velocity cube/property......................................................... 40
Depth convert horizon interpretation for all sub grids .......................................................................... 41
Depth convert seismic cube ....................................................................................................................... 41
Performance .................................................................................................................................. 41
Geophysics: Quantitative Interpretation .......................................................................................... 42
2015.5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
Ikon Science Colored Inversion ................................................................................................... 42
Ikon Science 2D Forward Modeling ............................................................................................. 43
2015.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Seismic Pore Pressure Modeling ................................................................................................. 44
Signal/Noise estimation ................................................................................................................ 44
QI Crossplot collection statistics ................................................................................................. 45

2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Lithology Classification ................................................................................................................. 45
Crossplotting of surfaces, horizons and point attributes ........................................................... 47
Create classification data using multiple selections in the QI Crossplot .................................. 47
Options to show/hide the symbol legend and color tables in the QI Crossplot ........................ 48
Rock physics operations of the Workflow editor ........................................................................ 48
Storage options for the AVO modeling output files ..................................................................... 49
Productivity enhancements in the QI tools .................................................................................. 50
Geophysics: Seismic Well Tie ........................................................................................................... 50
2015.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Correlation track ............................................................................................................................ 50
2015.2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 53

WTB Extended Statistical Wavelet Extraction “no taper” option .............................................. 53
WTB wavelet Non-normalized dB scale ...................................................................................... 53
2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
Interactive bulk shift ...................................................................................................................... 53
Continuous alignment .................................................................................................................... 54
Well Section Windows (WSWs) temporary Time Depth Relationship (TDR) for wavelet
deterministic extraction ................................................................................................................ 55
Interpretation display on seismic track ....................................................................................... 56
Assigning a temporary TDR as active in the well........................................................................ 57
Selecting TDR input ....................................................................................................................... 58
WTB Scale factor .......................................................................................................................... 59
Standard wavelet phase convention ............................................................................................ 59
Synthetics in depth ........................................................................................................................ 61
Multi-well extended white wavelet extraction (MWEW) ........................................................... 62
Geology .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Geology: Geology & Modeling .......................................................................................................... 64
2015.2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 64
Translate and Rotate well operation commands ........................................................................ 64
Automatic plans spreadsheet ....................................................................................................... 65
Interactive editing of Automatic and X, Y, Z plans ...................................................................... 67

Move well process ........................................................................................................................ 68
Saved search ................................................................................................................................. 68
2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
Stratigraphic charts user experience implementation ............................................................... 69
Extend age info to surfaces .......................................................................................................... 73
Link age to surface, well tops, and seismic horizon using workflow editor ............................. 74
Conformal gridding in Make/edit surface .................................................................................... 74
Saved search (Well list) ................................................................................................................ 76
GIIP output for MBV ...................................................................................................................... 80
Make surface from continuous polygon attributes ..................................................................... 80
Other enhancements ..................................................................................................................... 81
Geology: Well Section Window ........................................................................................................ 81

2015.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 81
Raster log ....................................................................................................................................... 81
2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 81
XY hinges ........................................................................................................................................ 81
Curtain section ............................................................................................................................... 82
Background wells .......................................................................................................................... 83
Swap well ....................................................................................................................................... 85
Background surfaces .................................................................................................................... 85
Major and minor grid lines ............................................................................................................ 86
Raster logs ..................................................................................................................................... 88
Well tops mini toolbar ................................................................................................................... 88
True horizontal length ................................................................................................................... 88
Show and hide the 3D grid ............................................................................................................ 89
Collapse vertical well .................................................................................................................... 90
Well correlation ghost curve ........................................................................................................ 91
Find well ......................................................................................................................................... 91
Number of hinges .......................................................................................................................... 91
Number of tracks ........................................................................................................................... 91
Using Polysection in Studio Find .................................................................................................. 92
Geology: Structural Geology ............................................................................................................. 92

2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 92
Volume calculation of Structural Framework model zones ........................................................ 92
Isochore calculation between Structural Framework model horizons ..................................... 93
Geology: Modeling ............................................................................................................................. 94
2015.4 ...................................................................................................................................................... 94
New MPS method .......................................................................................................................... 94
2015.3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 96
Truncated Gaussian with trends .................................................................................................. 96
Input background........................................................................................................................................... 96
Data analysis .................................................................................................................................. 96
Output QC properties .................................................................................................................................... 96
Depospace ..................................................................................................................................... 97

Depospace QC property ............................................................................................................................... 97
2015.1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 98
Data analysis discrete properties – Declustering option ........................................................... 98
Data analysis continuous properties – Declustering option ...................................................... 99
Facies modeling – Use proportion from data analysis.............................................................. 100
Scale up well logs - Continuous log weighting ......................................................................... 100
Facies tool palette ....................................................................................................................... 101
New geological brushes for Interactive facies editing ...................................................................... 101
Undo/Redo button ........................................................................................................................................ 102
Quality Assurance maps ............................................................................................................. 103
Data Analysis – Interactive Vertical Proportion Curve editing ................................................ 103
Modeling Input Parameters – New reporting option in the Workflow editor ......................... 105
Make surface – use input inside boundary only ....................................................................... 105
Performance improvement for Facies and Petrophysical modeling methods ........................ 106
Truncated Gaussian with trends (behavioral changes) ............................................................ 106
Together option ............................................................................................................................................ 106
Modeling trend in section view ............................................................................................................... 106
Geology: Fractures .......................................................................................................................... 107
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 107
Fracture density ........................................................................................................................... 107

Generate fracture density logs per fracture set ................................................................................... 107
Extension of fracture data type for Natural Fracture Prediction (NFP)................................... 108
Assignation of fracture type for any fracture data file and ability to use it in the Tectonic Model
process .......................................................................................................................................................... 108
New permeability upscaling method .......................................................................................... 111
Introduction of a new method for upscaling permeability based on ODA method and taking into
account the connectivity of fracture network ...................................................................................... 111
Geology: Wells ................................................................................................................................. 113
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 113
Search wells by UWI ................................................................................................................... 113
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 113
New well model ........................................................................................................................... 113
Sidetrack / Lateral wells ............................................................................................................. 115

Create XYZ trajectory plan from polygon ................................................................................... 119
Multi-trajectory surveys and plans ............................................................................................ 121
Enhancements ............................................................................................................................. 122
Well operations ........................................................................................................................................... 122
Well label visualization improvement .................................................................................................... 123
Reservoir Engineering ................................................................................................................ 124
Reservoir Engineering: General ...................................................................................................... 124
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 124
Behavioral changes ..................................................................................................................... 124
Assign a different start date to an open-hole side track (lateral) well ........................................... 124
Segmentation uses data from the current active case ....................................................................... 124
Observed data created by converting a simulation case ................................................................... 124
Grid property modification ........................................................................................................................ 124
Importing multiple Left hand grids no longer require individual confirmation of coordinate
system change ............................................................................................................................................. 124
Changes to the way PI well tests are displayed .................................................................................. 125
Changes to hydraulic fracture functionality .......................................................................................... 125
Complete the support for the INTERSECT grid-edits workflow through Petrel ............................. 125
VFP manager ................................................................................................................................................. 126
Improved simulation export performance.................................................................................. 126

Reservoir engineering unit settings ........................................................................................... 126
Change the reservoir engineering unit system ..................................................................................... 127
Change units for individual measurements ........................................................................................... 127
Define the available units for a measurement ...................................................................................... 128
Visualization and analysis of simulation results ....................................................................... 129
3D results analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 129
Select results data for an ECLIPSE case ................................................................................................ 130
Select simulation results using presets ................................................................................................. 131
Initialization using initial condition sets .................................................................................... 132
Initial conditions.......................................................................................................................................... 133
Initialize from maps ..................................................................................................................................... 137
Visualize an initial condition equilibrium region property ............................................................ 142

Add an initial condition set to a simulation case................................................................................. 143
Reservoir Engineering: Well Engineering ...................................................................................... 144
2015.5 .................................................................................................................................................... 144
Changes to perforation and tubing validation in the presence of plugbacks ......................... 144
2015.4 .................................................................................................................................................... 144
Changes to how Petrel manages PI multiplier well tests ......................................................... 144
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 144
Assign a different start date to an open-hole side track (lateral) well ................................... 144
Display completion and simulation data in a Well section window ........................................ 145
Display well completion data in vertical and deviated tracks ......................................................... 145
Display simulation results data in vertical and deviated tracks ...................................................... 149
Model hydraulic fractures using logarithmic local grid refinements ...................................... 153
Add hydraulic fractures and perforations to a well ........................................................................... 154
Well completion design ............................................................................................................................. 154
Completions design tool palette ............................................................................................................... 154
Build logarithmic local grid refinements to represent fractures .................................................... 154
Control where refinements are made ...................................................................................................... 155
Plane selection (I or J) ............................................................................................................................... 155
Translate connected cells to the central row of refined cells........................................................... 156
Useful information ....................................................................................................................................... 156

Potential issues with ECLIPSE 100 ........................................................................................................... 156
Check the created local grid refinements ............................................................................................ 156
Calculation of fracture properties ............................................................................................... 157
Connected cell transmissibilities ........................................................................................................... 157
Pore volume multipliers ............................................................................................................................ 157
Cell based transmissibility multipliers .................................................................................................. 157
Export a simulation case with fractures .................................................................................................. 158
Visualize the effects of a hydraulic fracture........................................................................................... 158
Well connection transmissibility factor and connection KH ........................................................... 158
Dynamic transmissibility properties ...................................................................................................... 159
Example ......................................................................................................................................................... 160
Exploration Geology ................................................................................................................... 161

Exploration Geology: General ......................................................................................................... 161
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 161
Petroleum system settings .......................................................................................................... 161
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 3D................................................................................. 161
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 161
Simulation case ........................................................................................................................... 161
Geotime player ............................................................................................................................. 162
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 3D and 1D .................................................................... 162
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 162
Time maps and Time trends ........................................................................................................ 162
Basal heatflow, sediment water interface temperature, paleo water depth, and source rock
burial history (1D) ........................................................................................................................................ 162
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 1D................................................................................. 163
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 163
Well log input ............................................................................................................................... 163
Well log input in Create 1D model process ........................................................................................... 163
Simulation case ........................................................................................................................... 163
Geotime Window.......................................................................................................................... 164
Improved geotime window flexibility..................................................................................................... 164
Exploration Geology: Play to Prospect Risk ................................................................................... 164
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 164

Play to prospect risk processes were (re)moved (behavioral change) .................................. 164
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems Quick Look .................................................................. 165
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 165
Map and time trend input in the Make generation process ..................................................... 165
Lithology database available for PSQL processes .................................................................... 165
Split worksteps in Workflow editor for Make generation, Make reservoir, and Make seal
properties processes .................................................................................................................. 165
Exploration Geology: Lithologies in Petroleum systems modeling and Petroleum systems quick
look ................................................................................................................................................... 166
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 166
Temperature template changed (behavioral change) .............................................................. 166
Exploration Geology: Play and Prospect Assessment .................................................................. 166
2015.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 166

Unconventional resource play assessment ............................................................................... 166
Drilling ......................................................................................................................................... 168
Drilling: General ............................................................................................................................... 168
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 168
Drilling structure and slots ......................................................................................................... 168
Drilling: Well Design ........................................................................................................................ 169
2015.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 169
Import Well Plan .......................................................................................................................... 169
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 170
Projection Ahead ......................................................................................................................... 170
Interactive well path design tools .............................................................................................. 171
Extend to surface ......................................................................................................................... 171
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 171
Interactive well path design tools .............................................................................................. 171
Add design points tool................................................................................................................................ 172
Edit design points tool ................................................................................................................................ 174
Searching well plans ................................................................................................................... 175
Lateral well plans ........................................................................................................................ 175
Go to surface (behavioral change) ............................................................................................. 177
Drilling: Real Time ............................................................................................................................ 178

2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 178
Real-time streaming modes ........................................................................................................ 178
Streaming real-time survey (behavioral change) ...................................................................... 178
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 179
Real-time connect ....................................................................................................................... 179
Streaming real-time survey data (behavioral change) ............................................................. 179
Drilling: Well Positioning ................................................................................................................. 179
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 179
Travelling circle player ............................................................................................................... 179
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 180
3D travelling circle ...................................................................................................................... 180
Refresh Anti-collision result ....................................................................................................... 183

Well positioning for lateral wells ............................................................................................... 183
Survey program (behavioral change) ......................................................................................... 183
Drilling structure uncertainty in Anti-collision and No-go zone computation (behavioral
change) ......................................................................................................................................... 184
Production ................................................................................................................................... 185
Production: General ......................................................................................................................... 185
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 185
Decline curve analysis ................................................................................................................ 185
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 186
Production modules license consolidation ................................................................................ 186
Production: Production Interpretation ........................................................................................... 187
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 187
Find wells based on production attributes via Studio search .................................................. 187
More user-friendly Production Interpretation ........................................................................... 187
Studio ........................................................................................................................................... 188
Studio: Studio Client Petrel ............................................................................................................. 188
2015.5 .................................................................................................................................................... 188
Automatic Connection Setting .................................................................................................... 188
Studio: Find ....................................................................................................................................... 188
2015.4 .................................................................................................................................................... 188
Default Filters ............................................................................................................................... 188

2015.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 188
WorldMap search ........................................................................................................................ 188
Compare search results .............................................................................................................. 189
Refine well selection ................................................................................................................... 189
Studio: Worksteps ........................................................................................................................... 190
2015.4 .................................................................................................................................................... 190
Worksteps .................................................................................................................................... 190
Studio: Transfer ............................................................................................................................... 191
2015.4 .................................................................................................................................................... 191
Repository Data Table ................................................................................................................. 191
SRD Adjustment ........................................................................................................................................... 191
Filter on Sync Status ................................................................................................................................... 193

Retrieve in Copy Mode ............................................................................................................................... 194
Synchronize Stratigraphy .......................................................................................................................... 194
Retrieve Well Tops Only ............................................................................................................................ 195
Display and Edit Custom Well Attributes ............................................................................................... 196
Display and Edit Custom Well Top Attributes ....................................................................................... 197
2015.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 197
Blocked Data ................................................................................................................................ 197
Automatic Connection ................................................................................................................. 198
Synchronization enhancements ................................................................................................. 198
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 199
Transfer ........................................................................................................................................ 199
Studio: Modeling .............................................................................................................................. 200
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 200
3D Grid: Collaborate & Find ......................................................................................................... 200
Studio: Microseismic ....................................................................................................................... 201
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Microseismic & Treatment data: Collaborate & Find................................................................ 201
Studio: Foundation ........................................................................................................................... 203
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 203
Geopolygon: Collaborate & Find ................................................................................................. 203
Studio: Drilling.................................................................................................................................. 204

2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 204
Find ............................................................................................................................................... 204
Risk URL ........................................................................................................................................ 204
Studio: Production ........................................................................................................................... 205
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 205
Find ............................................................................................................................................... 205
Studio: Geology ................................................................................................................................ 206
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 206
New Well Model .......................................................................................................................... 206
Raster Log .................................................................................................................................... 207
Stratigraphy Association ............................................................................................................ 208
Studio: Geophysics .......................................................................................................................... 208

2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 208
Horizon Metadata ........................................................................................................................ 208
Studio: General ................................................................................................................................ 209
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 209
Time Zone ..................................................................................................................................... 209
Transfer Performance ................................................................................................................. 210
Technology .................................................................................................................................. 211
Technology: Shale: General ............................................................................................................ 211
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 211
Petrel modules ............................................................................................................................. 211
Technology: Shale: Geosteering ..................................................................................................... 211
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 211
Display measured distance ......................................................................................................... 211
Horizon added while steering ..................................................................................................... 212
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 212
Geosteering in the vertical track ................................................................................................ 212
Create a tie-in point on a curtain section .................................................................................. 213
Straighten the block while removing a hinge ............................................................................ 213
Display multiple wells in a curtain section ................................................................................ 213
Display 3D property of a model in a curtain section ................................................................. 213
Display a curtain section in a 3D window.................................................................................. 214

Explicit grouping of well logs ...................................................................................................... 214
Reset curtain section input dialogs ............................................................................................ 214
New curtain section style settings ............................................................................................. 214
Annotation for the realtime well in a curtain section ............................................................... 215
Geosteering report includes new information ........................................................................... 215
Convert points/polygon set now with realtime well name as suffix ........................................ 215
Keyboard shortcuts ..................................................................................................................... 215
Geosteering Tool palette ............................................................................................................. 216
Geosteering window default tracks (behavioral change) ........................................................ 217
Cursor tracking in 3D Window .................................................................................................... 217
Technology: Shale: Pad Well Design ............................................................................................. 217
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 217

Pad Well Design now generates advanced plans .................................................................... 217
Technology: Shale: Pad Placement ................................................................................................ 217
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 217
Geopolygons as a restriction data type ..................................................................................... 217
Technology: Shale: Microseismic .................................................................................................. 218
2015.3 .................................................................................................................................................... 218
Generic (ASCII) Loader ............................................................................................................... 218
Import microseismic ASCII event data ................................................................................................... 218
Import pumping ASCII data........................................................................................................................ 218
Time Plot Analysis Window ........................................................................................................ 218
Custom Domain Object (CDO) Upgrader .................................................................................... 219
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 220
Microseismic events: Style/Color settings ................................................................................ 220
Event Filter Editor Enhancements ............................................................................................... 221
Time shift for the pumping data .................................................................................................. 221
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 222
Microseismic event data ............................................................................................................. 222
Microseismic stages and folders ............................................................................................... 222
Event filter editor ......................................................................................................................... 223
Time player and real time display .............................................................................................. 223

Pumping data ............................................................................................................................... 224
Treatment stages and intervals .................................................................................................. 225
Spreadsheet QC for microseismic events and pumping data .................................................. 226
Time zone conversion .................................................................................................................. 226
RPT, Studio, and Studio Find support ......................................................................................... 228
Technology: Foundation .................................................................................................................. 230
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 230
Release license automatically after predefined Petrel idle time ............................................. 230
Find wells based on UWI with Petrel Search ............................................................................ 230
2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 231
Add licenses while Petrel is running.......................................................................................... 231
License settings ........................................................................................................................... 231

Companion file support ............................................................................................................... 231
Cursor tracking ............................................................................................................................ 231
Project Time Reference .............................................................................................................. 231
Geopolygons ................................................................................................................................ 232
Shapefile loader ........................................................................................................................... 232
Dynamic point labeling ................................................................................................................ 232
RPT preview ................................................................................................................................. 232
Make/edit polygons process dialog ........................................................................................... 233
Petrel Search ............................................................................................................................... 233
Players .......................................................................................................................................... 233
Full screen mode.......................................................................................................................... 233
Data management perspective ................................................................................................... 233
Technology: Guru ............................................................................................................................. 234
2015.5 .................................................................................................................................................... 234
Guru Quality reporting: New test templates .............................................................................. 234
3D pillar grid test templates ...................................................................................................................... 234
Volumetric case test templates................................................................................................................ 236
Studio test templates .................................................................................................................................. 237
Structural framework test templates ...................................................................................................... 238
Sequential capture test templates........................................................................................................... 239

2015.1 .................................................................................................................................................... 240
Petrel Guru ................................................................................................................................... 240
Accessing Petrel Guru ............................................................................................................................... 240
Petrel Guru features .................................................................................................................................... 242
Guru Quality reporting ................................................................................................................. 242
Accessing Guru Quality reporting ........................................................................................................... 242
Guru Quality reporting features................................................................................................................ 243
Technology: Gridding ...................................................................................................................... 244
2015.2 .................................................................................................................................................... 244
Structural grid segmentation ...................................................................................................... 244

Welcome to Petrel 2015
Finding, characterizing, and exploiting new and existing reservoirs is increasingly complex. To overcome these
challenges, we must continually improve and innovate the way we work. With the Petrel* E&P Software Platform,
Schlumberger revolutionized the oil and gas industry by bringing disciplines together with best-in-class science in an
unparalleled productivity environment.
Our commitment to Petrel resulted in dramatic strides forward in the way we develop and deliver a software
platform, and with the Petrel 2015 Platform and update releases, we continue to deliver on our promise of better
integration, deep science, and productivity. Today we support an engineering team unrivalled in size and expertise,
empowered by the Ocean software development framework. More than ever before, we are positioned to help you
develop critical insights into reservoirs throughout the oilfield lifecycle.
This document is created for the 2015.5 release. The following sections are organized, as far as possible, by domain.
Within each section you will find the new features and any significant behavioral changes listed, grouped by the
release in which they first appeared; with the newest release appearing first. Note that not all domains will have

new features in every release.
Refer to the companion documents, Petrel E&P Software Platform 2015 Release Notes and Petrel 2015 Installation
Guide, for information on licensing and system requirements.
Documentation for all prior Petrel releases is available from the Software Integrated Solutions (SIS) Support Portal.

Geophysics
Geophysics: General
2015.4
Performance
Predictive intersection caching
A new option to control predictive intersection caching in the Interpretation window is available under File >
System > System settings > Seismic tab dialog.

By default, when selecting an inline or crossline, bricks for the entire intersection will be pre-fetched. Based on the
intersection player step, bricks for the next/previous intersections will also be pre-fetched.
Two other available modes are “Intersection only,” when the entire selected intersection is pre-fetched and “None,”
when no pre-fetching is performed.
Improvements
• General performance improvement of cursor tracking in 2D and 3D windows.
• Improved performance on horizon paintbrush autotracking on large dataset.
2015.3
Interactive Mesh Editing
Mesh inspector
Editable triangle mesh can be manipulated via the Inspector. Now you can access Mesh control, Extrusion, and
Extraction box from the Inspector without opening settings window for editable triangle mesh in 3D window.
In an Interpretation window, you can now access the Style option, which enables you to control line thickness.

Mesh editing tool palette: Callout
The Mesh editing Tool Palette callout is now available. To access the callout, open the Mesh editing Tool
Palette while a 3D window is active, then select any mode, and click >> if the callout is not displayed. The mesh(es)
that are already displayed in the 3D window will be listed in the drop-down list. Two settings buttons below the list
give you direct access to the Editable triangle mesh settings tab of the active object, and to the Mesh editing
process settings dialog.
Contextual tab for editable triangle mesh object

A new contextual tab for the editable triangle mesh is now available. You can find most of the common tools for
interactive mesh editing workflows in this contextual tab.

Convert to multi-Z interpretation: inline/crossline increment
A new option has been added to convert to the multi-Z tab in the settings dialog of an editable triangle mesh object.
This is an extension of existing multi-Z generation functionality, and will enable you to use the seismic
inline/crossline increment and starting line for generating interpretation.

Velocity Modeling
Make bi-directional model
Velocity models built using velocity cube inputs can now be created as one-directional in order to save time and disk
space, and a “Make bi-directional model” check box is now available with average/interval/instantaneous velocity
cube inputs. Previously, this option was only available with average property inputs.
One-directional models created by canceling this option may only be used for domain conversion in one direction, for
example, only time to depth or only depth to time. These types of models will have fewer cubes stored inside the
model.

2015.2
ZGY Local disk caching
The workflow of copying multiple files from the network file to a local directory and reconnecting the seismic
volumes to these new files is streamlined in a new tool providing effortless management.
For each 3D seismic volume, you can switch between using a version of ZGY files located on a fast local hard disk,
and the original files located on the network.
The local cache system is configured under Seismic System settings by specifying a local directory. To access the
locally cached ZGY, right-click a 3D seismic volume and select Use ZGY local disk cache. With local access, ZGY
volume operations now run faster, including pre-fetching to memory cache.
A locally cached seismic volume is post-fixed [Disk Cached].


Seismic system settings
The Seismic system settings located under Project System Settings can now be easily opened from:
• A dialog launcher in the Setup group of the Seismic Interpretation contextual tab
• A ribbon in the Operations group of the Seismic objects contextual tab

Interpretation window
Crossing intersections, line ties, and time slices are indicated by triangles and can be displayed as vertical and/or
horizontal lines on top of the seismic in an Interpretation window. By default, the color of triangles and lines
matches the color of the survey folders to which the respective crossing lines belong. You can modify the color from
the Style tab of the Interpretation window Viewport settings dialog.
Both vertical and horizontal crossing lines can be manipulated. It will update other windows where those lines are
displayed, too.

The crossing intersections can be selected and displayed straight away, either by clicking on the triangles or the
displayed vertical/horizontal lines. To display the intersection in another Interpretation window, you can hold down
the Ctrl key before selecting the line.
Horizon rendering
The Triangulated surface style for horizon interpretation is now rendered on the GPU in 2D and 3D windows for a
fully performant high quality display. This works to support individual sparse data points, as well as large regional
scale interpretations.
Seismic Mixer
In the Flip/Roll mixer users can display only color legends of Foreground volumes by selecting the Foreground color
legends option from the Mixer Context menu.

The Annotations for InLine, XLine, Z-slice, and Section name can be displayed for a specific Flip/Roll mixer in multiple
visible 2D/3D windows by turning on the Show annotation option from the Mixer Contextual tab. It is also possible
to display the Annotations for all displayed Flip/Roll mixers in multiple 2D/3D windows by using the Show
annotation all Mixers option.

Performance
Significant performance improvements have been made. Displaying and manipulating a seismic intersection with
restricted horizon interpretations can be up to 2x faster.
Due to the improvements made, the performance of the above activity is now limited by the available storage and
network configurations.
2015.1
SEG-Y toolbox 2D
Merge SEG-Y utility
The SEG-Y merge utility can be found under the Utilities tab in the SEG-Y Toolbox (2D). This utility allows you to
merge two or more contributing SEG-Y files (e.g., containing partial lines) into a single SEG-Y file, and optionally pad
with empty traces where two line segments do not quite join up.
The contributing files are typically partial 2D lines acquired at different periods in time, or long 2D lines previously
split to optimize storage or handling performance.

The merged file will have:
• The EBCDIC and binary headers taken from the first input SEG-Y file.
• The default filename taken from the first input file, with the suffix “_merge.sgy”.
Merged files can be subsequently imported via the main Toolbox tab.
Horizon stratigraphy
Stratigraphic information about a seismic horizon can now be managed in the Stratigraphy tab in the horizon
Settings dialog.
• A seismic horizon can be linked to an existing stratigraphic event to inherit attributes such as stratigraphic name,

geologic age and horizon type.
• Multiple horizons can be initialized from a stratigraphic column.
• The geologic age and horizon type attributes can also be manually assigned.
When these seismic horizons are used as input to processes like Make/Edit Surface and Horizon Modeling, their
stratigraphic attributes will be inherited by the resultant surfaces and model horizons while facilitating cross-domain
integration.
Horizon metadata
The dataset on which a horizon has been last interpreted on is now captured in Metadata tab in the horizon
interpretation Settings dialog box. 3D or 2D interpretations are automatically linked to a Primary interpreted seismic,
capturing key dataset properties of such as vintage, acquisition date, stack type, angle, offset and azimuth. The linked
dataset can be manually assigned should a different dataset be a better representative of the interpretation source.
Updates to the linked seismic can be tracked in the History sub-tab in the Info tab.

Tagging seismic horizon interpretation with stratigraphic and seismic metadata allows for easy management and
quick access to data for different workflows. For example, you can use Find for the following queries:
• Filter for all 3D interpretation interpreted on ‘Near’ volume.
• In 4D workflows, filter by Acquisition date.

Horizon rendering
The Points style for horizon interpretation is now rendered on the GPU in 2D and 3D windows. Additionally, a new
Simplified sphere style is introduced which is also rendered on the GPU. This gives fast performance and interactivity
when working with large regional scale interpretations.
Figure 1: New Simplified sphere style display for 3D horizon interpretation

Inspectors
Horizon inspector
The readout of the inline and crossline numbers for 3D horizon interpretation is now available from the Seismic
Horizon Inspector.

Probe inspector

Box probes can be manipulated via the Inspector. Using slider bars for the inline, crossline and vertical direction, the
center point of a box probe can be moved interactively. Using the up/down arrow keys, this allows for interactive
movement typically needed when one of the faces of the box probe is aligned orthogonally to the camera.
Seismic composite
A seismic composite line now keeps its digitized length when the section is manipulated or played, using the
intersection player. The composite length no longer automatically extends to meet the edges of the survey.

Seismic overlay
In the Interpretation window, the displayed foreground vintage (i.e., the overlay object) now supports:
• A user-defined opacity function
• A color legend

Seismic Mixer
The Mixer is a powerful, intuitive, and interactive visualization tool, which allows you to compare and evaluate
multiple seismic cubes simultaneously and synchronously, using RGB/CMY blend and mask workflows.
Analyzing the attributes or volumes effectively and efficiently is a critical component of any seismic processing,
interpretation and modeling phase of a project.
These workflows can be performed on an intersection (inline/crossline/time or depth slice/random line/arbitrary
polyline) in a 3D window or a 2D window.
Distinctive features of the Mixer

• Easy to use
• Allows you to blend seismic attribute data with different geometry
• GPU-based allowing you to get high performance while running various interactive workflows even with virtual
attributes
• Convenient workflow across multiple windows
You can choose from three types of workflows: Flip/Roll , RGB/CMY Blend and Mask .
On the Ribbon, on the Seismic interpretation tab, in the Attributes group, click Mixer then click the specific
workflow. This will create a Mixer object in the Input pane. You can directly display the intersection
inline/crossline/time slice/random line from the Mixer Visibility settings callout . To reopen the Mixer dialog box
at any time, right-click on the Mixer object in the display and select Mixer Parameters .

Flip/Roll
Flip/Roll is a very powerful tool to quickly compare multiple input datasets.
You can smoothly adjust the opaque/transparent rate between them using the blend cubes option at the same time.
The Flip mode allows you to switch between two or more seismic cubes. The Roll mode allows you to analyze both
the seismic cubes at the same time by clipping their intersection lines at a given position, which you can adjust by
using the roll along inline/crossline/Z. All these operations can be performed either on single or different seismic
cubes.

RBG/CMY Blend
RGB/CMY color blending is a common technique and a very intuitive way to combine information of more than one
input for visual analysis. Quite often more than one seismic attribute is required to completely characterize geological
features in an area of interest, as different attributes convey different information.

Masking
Using the Mask Mixer, you can mask the display of one input based on the data values of another input.
The masking workflow is helpful in quickly establishing and understanding the relationship of one seismic attribute
with the other attribute for example, correlation of discontinuities/porosity with the corresponding seismic
signatures.
Figure 2: A porosity section being masked by low seismic amplitude values. We can clearly notice that the high seismic
amplitude around and above progradational features are related to high porosity.

Volume attributes
Generalized Spectral Decomposition
The new “Generalized Spectral Decomposition” (GSD) volume attribute provides a hybrid method of existing STFT and
CWT techniques in the industry, allowing the interpreter to better control both the vertical and the frequency resolution
simultaneously. Better temporal and spectral resolution controls are accomplished by a set of flexible natural
parameters which enables you to design any wavelet shape in the continuum between the STFT and CWT methods.
Two algorithms are provided with the attribute:

1. Correlation (Default): Correlation of the wavelet designed at a specific frequency with the input seismic.
2. Convolution: Convolution of the wavelet designed at a specific frequency with the input seismic.
To design the wavelet, you can set frequency, number of cycles and phase interactively.
The two available calculation methods, Sample by Sample and Full trace calculation, provide identical results. The
former is more performant when working with time slices, while the latter is more performant for vertical intersections.

Figure 3: Volume attributes dialog for Generalized Spectral Decomposition using the Correlation algorithm

Three outputs from GSD can be easily combined in the new Mixer for RGB blending workflows.
Trace AGC (iterative) and RMS (iterative) attributes

The new “TraceAGC (iterative)” volume attribute automatically scales the instantaneous amplitude samples with the
local Root Mean Square (RMS) amplitude level, computed over a user-specified vertical window, and has the option
to apply multiple RMS iterations, in order to get a more well-behaved (smooth) scaling function.
The new “RMS Amplitude (iterative)” volume attribute computes the Root Mean Square (RMS) of single-trace
samples, over a user-specified vertical window with a length of n samples, for each sample in an input trace.

Horizon interpretation

3D Autotracking
A new live trace diagram corresponding to the wavelet cross correlation diagram has been added.
This diagram also supports the display of random lines.
Interpretation mode switches

With the introduction of keyboard modifiers to the horizon interpretation modes, you can now select to work in a
single (favorite) interpretation mode, while easily accessing the other three modes. For example, you can select the
Manual tracking mode [U] as your base mode, and when in this mode use Ctrl to switch to autotrack 3D-seeded, or
Ctrl+Shift to switch to Seeded 3D tracking.
As all four interpretation modes have been enabled for mode switching, you now have the option to use any one of
these as a favorite or base mode. You can refer to the tooltip of each interpretation mode for details.

When in a horizon interpretation mode, you can use SHIFT+ALT+Drag to erase all points vertically below the cursor
position.
When in any of the Seismic interpretation tool palette mode, you can interactively rotate a random line section using
the following modifiers:
CTRL+roll mouse wheel = default rotation step (7.5 degrees)

SHIFT+roll mouse wheel = low rotation step
CTRL+SHIFT+roll mouse wheel = large rotation step

Interactive Mesh Editing
Triangle meshes, typically used in salt interpretation workflows, can now be interactively edited using a variety of
tools. This enables workflows for rapid structural model updates in seismic velocity modeling in Petrel as part of
depth imaging scenarios, which tend to be iterative in nature.

The workflow:
1. Convert a triangle mesh to an editable triangle mesh.
2. Edit the editable triangle mesh.
3. Convert the editable triangle mesh back to the triangle mesh.
Tools available for interactive editing – including push, pull, smooth, select, refine, undo and redo – can be accessed
either via the new Mesh editing tool palette or editable triangle mesh mini-toolbar. Users can also create a sub-
mesh by selecting an area of interest on the editable triangle mesh and choosing ‘Detach’ from the mini-toolbar.
After editing of the sub-mesh, it can be merged back into the original editable triangle mesh.

Figure 4: Mesh editing tool palette
Figure 5: Editable triangle mesh mini-toolbar
Parameters such as to control the speed of editing and strength of smoothing can be set in the Mesh control tab of
the Settings dialog box for the editable triangle mesh.
Figure 6: Mesh control tab that includes parameters that control the speed of editing and strength of smoothing
This triangle mesh can be integrated within a Structural Framework using the Seismic Velocity Modeling plug-in.

Velocity modeling
Robustness and performance
The overall robustness in velocity modeling has been improved. This includes improvements in validation and stricter
checks of input data, better error messages and warnings, and significant performance improvements in some cases,
especially when using high resolution surfaces as input and correction.
Velocity points to cube

Velocity (e.g. stacking) points can now be converted directly into a velocity cube. From the Operations tab of the
Settings dialog box of the points, under the Velocity conversion folder, select Convert points to cube.

Min/max functions velocity cube
This option is available on the velocity cubes and allows extracting of the min/max values of the cube as a function of
the vertical position and displaying it in the Function window. It can be used for the preliminary QC of velocity
seismic data imported or created in Petrel.

Simple velocity model
You can create a velocity model with only a single velocity cube as the input, using the new Simple velocity model
dialog box. Use this dialog box to build a model geometry based on a velocity cube and a velocity function,
interval/instantaneous velocity cube or average velocity cube to be used for domain converting data objects.
On the Seismic interpretation tab, in the Depth group, click the arrow next to Velocity model, and then click
Simple velocity model.

Advanced velocity model
The Make Velocity Model dialog box has been renamed to Advanced velocity model and now also accepts
interval velocity cubes directly.
RPT transfer velocity model made from velocity cube/property

When velocity models are made using a velocity cube or property, all relevant data objects are now transferred via
the Reference project tool to ensure the model can be fully utilized in another project.

Depth convert horizon interpretation for all sub grids
Horizon interpretations including all sub interpretation grids can now be depth converted together from the parent
level.

Depth convert seismic cube
You can now specify output parameters, such as sample interval and samples per trace when depth converting
seismic cubes.
Performance
Significant performance improvements have been made in the following areas:
• Amplitude scanning of 2D and 3D seismic SEG-Y data can be up to 30x faster.
• Amplitude scanning of virtual volume attribute data can be up to 10x faster.
• Realize 3D seismic SEG-Y data to ZGY can be up to 6x faster.
• Prefetching 2D SEG-Y data to cache can be up to 15x faster.
• Exporting 2D and 3D seismic data in SEG-Y format can be up to 8x faster.
• Displaying partially interpreted horizons from very large survey extents can be up to 5x faster.
• Displaying a single large fault interpretation can be up to 7x faster.
• Horizon storage - size of internal ZHZ file has been minimized.
• The geobody extraction algorithm has been optimized such that all available CPU cores are now 100% utilized,
significantly reducing the time to extract a geobody from seismic data.
Due to the improvements made, the performance of the above activities is now limited by the available storage and
network configurations.

Geophysics: Quantitative Interpretation
2015.5
Ikon Science Colored Inversion
Ikon Science RokDoc Colored Inversion is now embedded in the Quantitative Interpretation module.
Colored inversion is a convolution process using an operator whose amplitude spectrum maps the mean seismic
spectrum to the mean earth impedance spectrum, which has a phase of -90 degrees. The mean earth impedance
spectrum is determined from well logs/seismic traces and the mean seismic spectrum is determined from seismic
data. The inversion operator derived, can be used to generate a relative impedance or absolute impedance if a low
frequency background model is used as an input.
Colored Inversion is available as a volume attribute for both 2D and 3D seismic data. You can review and interactively
edit parameters for generation of an optimum operator. The output is available as a Virtual volume under the input
cube in the Input tree.

Figure 7: Colored Inversion Volume Attribute Interface

Ikon Science 2D Forward Modeling
Ikon Science RokDoc 2D Forward Modeling is now available in the Quantitative Interpretation module. It offers
various forward modeling scenarios, namely, Wedge, Anticline, and Dipping Reservoir models. An easy and intuitive
workflow allows you to generate from rock properties (averages taken from well logs) a synthetic 2D seismic
response. The module also allows you to understand the impact of different fluids on the synthetic seismic response
by performing Fluid Substitution. A wavelet created in the Wavelet toolbox or an imported wavelet can be
convolved with the model. Elastic properties may be modeled and output for further evaluation.
Figure 8: 2D Forward Modeling, Wedge and Anticlinal examples

2015.3
Seismic Pore Pressure Modeling
The Seismic Pore Pressure Modeling process provides a workflow to generate high-resolution, 3D pore pressure
cubes, or 2D pore pressure lines. Seismic Pore Pressure Modeling uses a rock physics model based on well data to
calibrate pore pressure at well locations. This establishes velocity-effective pressure calibration at well locations
using wireline and drilling data. The calibrated 1D model is applied to a high resolution velocity cube, which is
computed by inversion or high resolution velocity analysis, to estimate a pore pressure cube.
The workflow includes the following features:

• Vertical effective stress based pore pressure method
• Interactive calibration
• Multi-well 3D models:
o Normal compaction
o Dutta
o Extended Bowers
• Optimization of key parameters
Signal/Noise estimation
The S/N estimation tool performs estimation of signal and noise amplitude spectra from Post-stack seismic data,
enabling the user to save each component of the spectrum as a wavelet.

QI Crossplot collection statistics
When a dataset is being analyzed in a crossplot, it is very important to understand some statistical information, such
as:
• Average value for each data set
• Standard Deviation and Variance
• Number of points on the collection
• Correlation Coefficient between datasets
• Coefficient of determination
This information helps the interpreter to understand the data behavior and the relation between properties, in order
to get the most of the data coming from the subsurface.
In this release, Petrel makes available this information of the QI Crossplot window, by estimating all these
statistics according to the crossplotted data.

2015.1
Lithology Classification
This new set of Quantitative Interpretation (QI) processes performs lithology classification by defining the elastic
signature of lithology and fluid types using rock physics analysis and well data through the Bayesian estimation
theory. The signatures are applied to seismic inversion attributes to generate 3D maps of reservoir properties (e.g.,
porosity and saturation) with associated probabilities and uncertainties.

The aim of the lithology classification is to build a 3D volume of reservoir properties that can highlight and quantify
the pay as hydrocarbon pore volume versus the nonproductive sections. Typical reservoir properties considered for
lithology prediction are volume of sand, porosity, and fluid saturations.
Lithology classification involves analysis of the well data for lithology and fluid class groups, and in order to perform
it, you need to follow three main steps:
• Lithology analysis: Input well data is prepared through the well data conditioning functionality, and
relationships are established between elastic measurements and physical rock properties using rock physics
modeling. Petrophysical logs are used to define lithology, porosity, and fluid classes, each with associated
compressional velocity, shear velocity, and density attributes.
• Distribution analysis: The rock property class units are projected into 3D space, as defined by seismic
attributes, such as compressional impedance, shear impedance, and density. Nonparametric probability
functions (PPFs) are derived from the cluster analysis as a representation of the variability in the formation
properties given by the wells. The most likely attribute is calculated given the seismic attribute or combination of
attributes based on the maximum posteriori rule.
• Lithology prediction: PPFs are applied to the elastic attribute cubes from the seismic inversion to produce a
lithology prediction volume and its associated uncertainty. The interactive environment for analysis and quality
control (QC) of the lithology classification enables rapid visualization and data interrogation throughout the

workflow.

Crossplotting of surfaces, horizons and point attributes
The QI Crossplot gives you the crossplotting of new datasets, such as:
• Point attributes
• Horizon interpretation attributes
• Surfaces attributes
In addition to the data supported since the previous version of Petrel 2014, this new functionality adds value to the
existing QI workflow by enabling the comparison of data clouds coming from different sources, and enriching
workflows such as lithology classification.
Create classification data using multiple selections in the QI

Crossplot
One of the key steps when the data is analyzed in a crossplot is being able to interpret the data by generating
multiple selections, and then to classify the information. In this release, a multi-classification tool has been

introduced in the QI Crossplot that gives you the generation of classification data for each data type supported by
the QI Crossplot window:
• Well logs: The operation generates a discrete log that is stored at the well in study and inside the global well
logs folder.
• Post-stack seismic data: Crossplot collections, which display post-stack seismic data, generate a virtual
volume that is stored as a child of the seismic data volume.
• Horizon interpretation attributes: A discrete attribute will be created under the active interpretation grid.
• Surface attributes: A discrete attribute is created under the active surface.
• Point attributes: Generates a discrete attribute under the active point set.

Options to show/hide the symbol legend and color tables in
the QI Crossplot
As part of the continuous improvements of the QI Crossplot window, new functionality has been introduced to
show or hide displayed elements. From the QI Crossplot window toolbar or in the QI Crossplot window tab, it is
now possible to show or hide the symbol legend or the color table for the crossplotted collections.
Rock physics operations of the Workflow editor

The Rock physics operations can be found in the Workflow editor. These operations are:
• Elastic parameters estimation
• Shear velocity estimation
• Log blocking Backus
• Fluid substitution

The Rock physics operations enable multi-well calculations by using the different functionalities of the Workflow
editor. Take advantage of this process to execute and test different scenarios with a single click (n-amount of times)
at different well locations.

Storage options for the AVO modeling output files
The main difference with the previous version of AVO modeling, is that you had the option to define the locations of
the modeled pre-stack data.
A new field has been introduced in the user interface, where you can select the directory where the synthetic pre-
stack data will be stored.

Productivity enhancements in the QI tools
The QI tools in Petrel 2015.1 contain small features that have the objective of improving productivity. The following is
the small set of changes introduced in each tool:
• QI Crossplot window:
Crossplot collections, containing a multiple set of wells, can generate classification data for all the wells in a
single operation.
• AVO Modeling process dialog box:
A reset parameters option is now available and can be used to reset all the parameters in the AVO modeling
process dialog. It is very useful when changing the mode from Edit to Create, if the remaining parameters from
the previous study are not going to be used.
• AVO Reconnaissance process dialog box:
o The Auto-update check box helps you autocalculate the Effective angle every time the metadata
information of the input seismic cube is updated. It will help to keep any virtual volume attribute updated.
o The Shuey and Gidlow methods, for a standard fitting mode, enable the calculation of the primary AVO
attributes by using a minimum of two cubes as input.
• Z-level:
With a Z-level displayed at the Well section window, you can generate a single QI crossplot of Amplitude versus

Offset, or Amplitude versus Angle, for the gathers displayed in the Well section window.
• Modeless access:
The new modeless access to features and tools allows multiple dialog boxes to be opened simultaneously for a
productive workflow, for example, a combination of fluid substitution with the Rock Physics dialog and AVO
Modeling. This allows for continuous Quantitative Interpretation tasks to be performed, while engaged with
other simultaneous activities, without the need to change a process.
Geophysics: Seismic Well Tie

2015.3
Correlation track
In Petrel 2015.3, the Correlation tab (in the Seismic well tie dialog box) has a new option (Apply same limits to
correlation) that is available to display the correlation exactly by the set limit that you define. This provides you
flexibility to generate the correlation for the complete seismic range (similar to the correlation range behavior in
Petrel 2014.x) or the range defined by you (similar to the correlation behavior in Petrel 2013.x).
If the Apply same limits to correlation option is active, the correlation is computed, using the clipped seismic and
clipped synthetic into the defined time windows range (using the Start time and End time). Also, the resulting
correlation signal is clipped and the maximum number of correlation lags matches the time length set.


Example scenarios:
Correlation for full time range of the seismic:
The correlation between the synthetics and the full time range of the seismic is the default for generation of
correlation range. It is very useful to determine the initial bulk shift for those cases where the checkshot is not
available and the process has to be initialized using a sonic log.

Apply same limits to correlation:
The correlation defined by the specific range (based on the Start time and End time) is recommended in those cases
where the checkshot is available and the time mismatch, between the seismic and the synthetic event, is small
(inside the range defined). Using this option avoids getting the best mathematical correlation (which may be correct
mathematically, but not in the context of geology) outside the zone of interest.

2015.2
WTB Extended Statistical Wavelet Extraction “no taper”
option
In Petrel 2015.2, in the WTB Extended Statistical Wavelet Extraction on the “taper” parameter, a “none” option can
be selected to extract the wavelet without applying any taper.
WTB wavelet Non-normalized dB scale

In Petrel 2015.2, in the WTB “Wavelet display options” a “Non-normalized dB scale” display option has been added
to allow the analysis of multiple wavelets frequency spectrum using the same reference.
2015.1

Interactive bulk shift
In the seismic to well tie process, after the synthetics is generated from the logs, an interactive bulk shift is
performed to get the closest match between the synthetics and the seismic. If the quality of the data is good enough,
then, a stretch and squeeze will not be necessary and therefore, is not recommended as a first approach.
Petrel Basic interactive bulk shift workflow steps (Time domain) are, as follows:
1. Open the SWT tool palette by clicking the Well tie editing button.
2. Click Add bulk shift line

3. Click on the position where the alignment point needs to be added (in the seismic track or the synthetic track).
4. Drag and drop the line to the corresponding event (in the seismic track or the synthetic track).
5. In step 4, the synthetics is not yet aligned with the corresponding position in the seismic. To apply the bulk shift,
Apply bulk shift from the SWT tool palette needs to be active . This bulk shift alignment point can be
edited with the Apply bulk shift state being active.
The interactive bulk shift will be synchronizing with the time shift tab in the study; any change made graphically will
be updated on the fly into the bulk shift box.

Important: It is recommended to perform the bulk shift before the stretch and squeeze. Any change in the bulk shift
will be added to the alignment points, but no change to the alignment will affect the bulk shift.
Another operation available in the tool palette for the bulk shift is Delete bulk shift . When Delete bulk shift
is applied, all the values will be reset.
Continuous alignment
In the seismic to well process, sometimes small adjustments have to be made to match the synthetics with the
seismic after the bulk shift is implemented. To perform these adjustments in Petrel, use the alignment functionality.
In Petrel 2015.1, the process became interactive.
Petrel Basic alignment workflow steps (time domain) are, as follows:
1. Open the SWT tool palette by clicking the Well tie editing button.

2. Click Edit mode
3. Click on the position where the alignment point needs to be added (in the seismic track or the synthetic track).
4. Drag and drop the line to the corresponding event (in the seismic track or the synthetic track).
5. In step 4, the synthetics is not yet aligned with the analogous event in the seismic. To apply the alignment,
Align points from the SWT tool palette needs to be active . In Petrel 2015.1, the alignment points can be
edited with the Align points state being active.
Note: As many alignment points can be added, as is required.
The default for Edit mode will be to add new alignment points. To perform any edits on the alignment points, the
Edit mode has to be activated.
Use Delete alignment point during a study if an alignment point needs to be deleted. If it is activated, the
alignments points can be deleted by using a mouse click over the alignment point line.
In the case where the study needs to be reset, Delete all alignments points can be used. However, it must be
used very carefully, as this option will delete all the alignments points at the moment it is selected.
The continuous alignment in the depth domain works the same for the tool palette, except the option to add new
alignment points is not accessible; the alignment points are tied to an existing well top into the Well top folder
selected in the study. The depth for the markers are considered as real; then, the drag and drop function needs to be
performed just in the seismic tracks.

The values of the alignments are reported through the alignment line, the format of the alignment line can also be
modified from the Style tab in the study.
Interval velocity cannot be manipulated during the alignment.
Well Section Windows (WSWs) temporary Time Depth

Relationship (TDR) for wavelet deterministic extraction
A temporary TDR from an active WSW can be used to extract a deterministic wavelet. In the older versions of Petrel,
the TDR had to be assigned to the well in order to perform the deterministic extraction.
If a study WSW is active, the temporary TDR from that window will be considered for the deterministic wavelet
extraction. Any change from the bulk shift or stretch and squeeze process in the study will be listed by the WTB and
used for the extraction. The name of the TDR or temporary TDR used for the extraction will be reported at “TDR from”
in the interface.

Interpretation display on seismic track
There are many references to be used as a guide during the seismic to well tie process. Usually, the main reference
will be markers and horizons; while, in some other cases, it could be faults or other types of identified interfaces. In
Petrel 2015.1, horizon interpretations and fault interpretations can be posted in the seismic track, which helps to use
them as reference during the tie process.
The workflow to add an interpretation to the Seismic track is, as follows:

1. Add a track from the WSW settings.
2. Right-click to add a Seismic.
3. Select this seismic object on the Interpretation tab, which contains the tools to add the interpretation in the
track.
4. Use the blue arrow (Horizon or Fault) to add the interpretation.
5. The format can be edited at bottom of the Interpretation tab.

The interpretation needs to be present in the line selected in the track. If there is no interpretation corresponding to
the traces posted in the track, the interpretation will not be posted (there is no projection performed).
The only Petrel objects accepted are seismic horizons and fault interpretations.

Assigning a temporary TDR as active in the well
Usually, the TDR can be saved from the study and after the seismic to well tie process is complete, this TDR must be
assigned to the well for the tie to be reflected in all Petrel canvases. In Petrel 2015.1, the TDR generated in the
synthetic generation or integrate seismic well tie studies can be directly assigned to the well from the Output tab of
the study itself.

Selecting TDR input
The seismic to well tie process needs to be, in many cases, very interactive, and different kinds of TDRs need to be
selected as input in the study. In Petrel 2015.1, any TDR, sonic log, or velocity log contained by the well can be
selected as “TDR” input for the synthetics generation study.
For those cases where the sonic log or velocity log are selected, the synthetics seismogram will be posted from 0
TWT. So, it will be out of place and the Bulk shift will be a forced step in the seismic to well tie process.

A particular case will be to use the same TDR as input from the one saved in the study (usually when a TDR output is
set as active from the Output tab and the auto save option selected). This workflow will have an implicit loop for the
changes generated in the same study. For those cases, a “synchronize button” will be activated , so any change
performed in the study (stretch & squeeze or bulk shift) will not be implemented on the fly in the study (Warning: It
will be implemented by the well at the Petrel project level, but not in the study). At the moment, the synchronize state
is activated and all the alignments and bulk shifts will be set to “0”.

WTB Scale factor
For the analytical and statistical normalized method of wavelet extraction in Petrel, the amplitude range varies
from -1 to 1. Normally, this range does not match the seismic volume’s amplitude range. In Petrel 2015.1, in the WTB
operation on the Scale factor tab, an escalation of the wavelet is performed in the time domain.
Standard wavelet phase convention

With the aim to be consistent with a generic wavelet phase convention used in the oil industry, a new “Standard
phase convention” option has been introduced in the Wavelet toolbox under the Wavelet display options. This is

the default display convention.

The figure below shows the new Standard phase convention, when you apply different Phase manipulations
(Zero phase, -90 degree phase and +90 degree phase) to a 30 HZ, Ricker wavelet.

The Wavelet display convention used in previous releases can be achieved by toggling off the Standard phase
convention option.
The figure below shows the phase convention used in previous SWT versions achieved by toggling off the Standard
phase convention option shown above when the user applies different Phase manipulations.

Synthetics in depth
The synthetics used to be a time domain object. In Petrel 2015.1, the synthetics that is generated can be saved with
depth as the vertical index.

Multi-well extended white wavelet extraction (MWEW)
One of the key elements for the inversion process is the wavelet. There are different ways to extract wavelets from
the seismic volumes. In Petrel, one of these ways is the Deterministic method, extended white, and it can be used to
extract wavelets for a specific borehole. It works fine when you are only interested in just one well, but in many
cases, for inversion, more than one well is used to perform the extraction. To solve this issue, in Petrel 2015.1, a
multi-well deterministic wavelet extraction is available.
To perform the MWEW, an individual deterministic wavelet extraction has to be done for every well selected.
• Inputs:
Extended White wavelets, where the reflectivity and seismic trace will be retrieved. Additionally:
• They should be extracted from the same seismic cube;
• We will get the reflectivity, seismic trace and time lag used for these wavelets as input in the multi well
extraction;
• The input wavelets amplitudes will not be used by this algorithm.
• Output:
Multi well wavelet extracted

The Algorithm
The algorithm uses the extraction window for each one of the input wavelets to get the reflection coefficient (RC)
from the logs, and the seismic trace from the seismic for all wells. All pieces from all wells are used to generate one
RC log and one seismic trace log. Between the pieces, a zero interval is added with a length equivalent to the biggest
wavelet length.
This pseudo log and pseudo seismic trace is used to extract a wavelet, using extended white, with the result of one
wavelet representing the combination of RCs and seismic traces from all input wells.

Petrel multi-well wavelet extraction basic workflow steps:
1. Extract the deterministic wavelet for the wavelets of interest.

2. From the Wavelet toolbox (WTB), the available wavelet can be selected and inserted by using the blue arrow.
There are some considerations to be made in this step:
a. The wavelets can be added from the input tree or from the Wavelets list in the WTB.
b. Only wavelets extracted by using the Deterministic method can be used for the computation.
c. The wavelets have to be extracted from the same seismic volume. The operation will not accept wavelets
originating from a different volume.
d. If the Auto-calculate check box is selected, the resultant wavelet will be automatically posted in the
graphic area of the WTB (Wavelet, Power spectrum, and Phase spectrum).
3. To save the resultant wavelet, either click Apply or OK or select the Auto save check box.

A - Input wavelets: The defined parameters used to create the pseudo RC log and the pseudo seismic trace (RC
window, RC window scan, wavelet length, length of extraction, etc.).
B - Visual results. By default, the resultant wavelet will be posted; additional wavelets can be posted from the
wavelet list.
C - The predictability computed from the pseudo RC and the pseudo trace.

Geology
Geology: Geology & Modeling
2015.2
Translate and Rotate well operation commands
The well operation commands mostly used in reservoir engineering workflows have now been adapted to support
Automatic and X,Y, Z plans for a well.
• These operation commands move the design points in the trajectory and the well head on successful execution
of the workflow.

• Wells that have surveys and/or drilling plans will fail as input in the Workflow editor.
• Lateral/sidetrack wells will fail as input in the Workflow editor.
• You can drop wells with survey in the Workflow editor operation commands, but the workflow fails on
execution with the error messages pop up, as shown in the screen shot.
Figure 9: Error messages while executing well operation commands on a well with survey

The following table gives a summary of the translate and rotate well operation commands supported objects.
Rotate Translate
Supported surveys Surveys are not supported Surveys are not supported
Drilling plans Not supported Not supported
Supported plans XYZ, Automatic Plan XYZ, Automatic Plan
Wellhead changes Yes Yes
Operation terminates with error
Well does not have plan Operation terminates messages
Message log Explicit trajectory (plan) is not supported Explicit trajectory (plan) is not supported
In case of sidetrack; there is no plan;
Operation terminated In case of sidetrack there is no XYZ or Automatic plan
These well operation commands can also be referenced as variables and used in the workflow editor to change the
well locations. (Please see the online Help for details.)
Automatic plans spreadsheet

Automated well design process methods, namely (create best fit well and well optimizer) allow you to create a well
with an automatic plan (if using DLS) or an XYZ plan (if ignore DLS) was used.
The automatic plan spreadsheet supports you in the editing of X,Y, Z, Upper and Lower DLS columns of the automatic
plan.
A switch between the toggle buttons does not change the spreadsheet view until you click Apply/OK.
Show calculated result allows you display all calculated stations and read-only spreadsheet.
There are toggle buttons to set the Calculation constraint mode:

Apply all DLS constraints: This algorithm first tries to use all the DLS constraints to compute the automatic plan
trajectory, but if it fails, all target stations are calculated with the second option. When calculation fails, all
computed fields will be empty. A message will display at the base of the spreadsheet. In the tree, the automatic plan
icon will have a red X attached to the symbol. The well plan spreadsheet will be empty.
Allow omission of points: This is the second calculation toggle button in the automatic plan spreadsheet.
Switching the toggle to Allow omission of points will show the ignored target points in the trajectory calculation
using the given DLS values. The omitted target points will show only the default values X,Y,Z and upper and lower
DLS values.

Figure 10: Automatic plan spreadsheet showing the omitted points during calculation

Ignore DLS constraints: This is the third toggle button in the automatic plan spreadsheet. It calculates the best
possible plan trajectory to connect all design points without using DLS constraints.
Other settings include dogleg severity settings and trajectory start section. (Please see the online Help for details.)
XYZ plan trajectory spreadsheet: XYZ plan trajectory generated from the automated design process by not using
the DLS constraints to create a plan. Instead, the plan trajectory is calculated with a linearization algorithm. (Please
see the online Help for details.)
Figure 11: Automatic plan spreadsheet showing the omitted points during calculation

Interactive editing of Automatic and X, Y, Z plans
The digitized well tool palette, accessed from the Well Engineering, Drilling, and Well Design tabs, has been
enhanced with new interactive tools in a 3D window.
For this release, you will have access to simple interactive operations on the automatic and X,Y,Z plans.
With the activation of the tool, you can create an automatic plan (using DLS) or XYZ plan (without using DLS) if you
checked the constraints in the Dogleg severity tab of the automated design process dialog. The Ignore DLS
constraints setting, before clicking add new design point, determines the type of plan to be created.
• The tools are ‘add new design points and edit trajectory points’ with different icons representing
them.
• Creates an automatic plan if Use DLS constraints is unchecked in the Automated design process dialog
before creating the plan.
• Creates an XYZ plan if not using/checking the DLS constraints.
You can now ‘edit a trajectory point’ by clicking the icon. You will see a call-out showing:

• Name of the proposed well
• Plan trajectory name
• Point size slide modifier
• Drag movement selector
Create a sidetrack automatic or XYZ plan: You can also create a sidetrack plan by first deactivating the active
plan in the tree and make sure the plan visualized in the 3D window is selected.
Automatic/XYZ plan can be used as a tie-in plan trajectory.
To keep the relationship between the main and sidetrack plan trajectories:
• At any point, click the deactivated, but selected plan trajectory plan visualized in the 3D window to insert the tie-
in MD into the main plan trajectory.
• A pop-up message appears, requesting whether you want to create a sidetrack from Automatic/XYZ plan,
depending on the selected plan.
Figure 12: Pop up messages when inserting a point on tie-into trajectory plan

Clicking Yes will insert a tie-in point and you can digitize other points to optimally target the reservoir.
For editing the digitized point with the dragger, please see the online Help.
Figure 13: Sidetrack plan trajectory spreadsheet showing tie-in MD, Tie-in trajectory and Tie-in well

Move well process
You can access the “Move well process method” if it was not open, by setting the perspective to Reservoir and
Production on the Home tab; then, on the Well Engineering tab, in the Well path group, select Automated
design to launch the process dialog. This can also be accessed from the Drilling perspective and on the Well
Design tab, in the Well path group, select Automated design. In the Create well(s) tab, click the split button to
select the Move well method.
The Move well method (on the Create well(s) tab of the Automated design process dialog) maintains the type of
input plan in the output well.
You will always create a new object using the input parameters in the process:
• Input automatic plan generates an automatic plan as output when using DLS constraints.
• Input automatic plan can also generate an XYZ plan if Ignore DLS constraints is selected in the Dogleg
severity tab.
• Input XYZ plan always generates a well with an XYZ plan with and without the DLS constraints.
Saved search
Raster logs are now supported in a saved search well log query.

2015.1
Stratigraphic charts user experience implementation
You can powerfully visualize, edit labels and symbols on continuous curves in densely populated charts with tools in
the Window toolbar and stratigraphic charts editing tool palette.
The interpretation of charts column and geo-time data in the Stratigraphic chart window are improved by adding
stationary horizontal age line to extend the event line to Geo-time curves.
In the chart window, display a strat chart column to activate the window tool bar tools.
Figure 14: Window toolbar showing command tools

Click New horizontal line in the red border, and hover the cursor in the chart window to insert a horizontal line and
age value posted on the top left corner. Several horizontal lines can be inserted.
• To modify the line style: From the windows tab, click the Stratigraphic chart window and then, the Horizontal
tab.
• To change the display, you can clear the Show check box and edit the color, line width, and style.
• To add new lines, use the append tool and to delete lines, use the delete icon.
• To refresh the display, click Apply or OK.

Figure 15: Stratigraphic chart showing drawn horizontal lines and active window style settings for Horizontal tab

Stratigraphic chart editing tool palette: You can edit and resize continuous curves and resize columns directly on
the stratigraphic chart. To open the Stratigraphic chart editing tool palette, on the Stratigraphy tab, in the
Stratigraphic charts group, click Chart editing . To use Edit continuous curve , the default color is black
and edit mode activates the pick mode.
Point value is modified by dragging the symbol left / right.

To resize a column: Click Resize column width and hover the cursor over the column line until it changes from
pick select to resize arrow and you can drag (widen/narrow) the width. The operation updates the column width in
the Style tab.
There are enabled stratigraphic chart style settings to support display changes to header orientation and store resized
column width.
Each column and geo-time curves now support style settings, which can be enabled from the Window toolbar by
clicking the column and geo-time curves header label. In the tree, right click on the individual column to select
settings.
From the Style tab, the header label orientation can be changed to Vertical, Horizontal or Automatic.

Figure 16: Individual column (e.g., Epoch) chronostratigraphy style settings

The width can be updated manually or by interactive dragging the column. The interactive column width is not
updated until you close and reopen the column style settings. Selecting the Lock check box stops you from
accidentally editing the column width.

Geo-time curves style: You can modify the width manually or interactively and lock the width to avoid editing.
Common style settings for the line type, such as color, width, and type can be modified. Symbol type, color, and size
can be modified when the Show line symbols check box is selected.
Figure 17: Continuous curve style settings

The Inspector for continuous and discrete curves: With the Inspector open, you can view and modify settings and
general information about the continuous curve displayed in a Stratigraphic chart window.
If the Inspector is not already open, on the Home tab, in the View group, click Inspector. To modify more
advanced settings, continue to use an object's Settings dialog.
The most commonly used continuous curve settings are organized in four collapsible groups.

Figure 18: Geo-time curve inspector showing line style tab.
Extend age info to surfaces

Stratigraphic metadata (event and age) can now be stored in the Stratigraphy tab of a surface.

Event info is automatically updated in the Stratigraphy tab as event info changes in the column spreadsheet/event
settings tab.
Figure 19: Stratigraphy tab to store stratigraphy metadata
• The event can be manually updated with the blue ‘arrow’ button from the chart column.
• Upon project upgrade, all surfaces will have the Stratigraphy tab in the Settings dialog.
• Surfaces generated from seismic horizon as input automatically updates the result surface with stratigraphic
info.
• Event info is retained on RPT transfer.

Link age to surface, well tops, and seismic horizon using
workflow editor
The automatic link of an event to: surface, well tops horizon, and seismic horizon are available in stratigraphic folder
of workflow editor operations tab.
Three different commands can be accessed; specifically, link surface, link well tops horizon, and link seismic horizon:
• Each command only accepts the object type referenced in its Info tab.
• A variable/reference list can be used as input in the Workflow editor.
• Use the setup as shown in the snapshot and click Run to execute.
Figure 20: Workflow editor setup to link events to surfaces in a reference list

Conformal gridding in Make/edit surface
To promote 2D mapping workflows, conformal gridding, using the CPS-3 algorithm, has been introduced in the
Make/edit surface process:
• It supports a simple isochore stacking.
• Fault center lines or polygons are not also supported.
You can now generate a regular surface that conforms to one horizon (above or below) or two horizons (above and
below) with high level of confidence in Petrel.
In the Settings sub-tab: Three different surface combinations are accepted for input:
• Both conformal surfaces (above and below)

• One conformal surface (above or below)
• One conformal surface and the isochore
Simultaneous usage of both of the conformal surfaces and isochore is not possible.

Figure 21: Conformal gridding dialog settings

Figure 22: Before (left) and after conformal gridding (right)

Build along performs zone thickness calculation (TVT) and (TST).
Expert tab sub-tab: uses default CPS-3 settings and requires expert knowledge before adjusting the settings:
• Specify initial coarsening factor
It specifies the ratio of the grid cell size created during the first pass of the gridder to the final size. Each
successive gridding pass divides the grid interval by 2. The default value gives full extrapolation. The algorithm
autocomputes the coarsening factor if this option is not chosen.
• Number of smoothening operation
Specifies the maximum number of smoothing operations allowed before a model is deemed finished. It applies
CPS-3 equivalents: None (0), Low (1), Medium (2), High (4), Very high (8).
• Range of influence
Creates an isochore based on the spread between the input data points and the conformal surface. The setting is
applicable only if the input to conformal gridding consists of exactly one conformal surface without the isochore.
This parameter constrains the isochore to have zero values at all nodes of the target grid, located outside of the
specified influence range of all input data points. Ensure all nodes get a value: Fills in holes in the output surface
using a linear algorithm. This may be useful if the coarsening factor is small.
In the Workflow editor, you can use well tops as the main input and above or below conformal surfaces in a loop to

generate a conformal surface.
Saved search (Well list)

The Petrel Well list/Saved search is now a very powerful filtering tool to support well data management and control
visualization.
• You can filter and group wells based on multiple criteria.
• Saved search filter can be dynamic or static.
• Search criteria can be defined in a table with columns to represent filter type, property and criteria value.
To access the Saved search tool, right-click the Saved searches folder in the Input pane or from the
Stratigraphy tab in the Wells group and click New search.
The filtering is done with: the selection of a source, a property from that source, start and end dates, the value to
compare against, the desired operator, and the frequency with which the comparison needs to meet the criteria. With
Dynamic saved searches, the given units are for reference only and cannot be changed.
Use a dynamic saved search to filter and group wells, based on input data from development strategies, observed
data, and simulation cases.
To create a dynamic saved search:
1. In the Input pane, expand the Wells folder.

2. Right-click the Saved searches folder, click New search, and then click Dynamic saved search.
Setting the static toggle on makes Search behave as a user-defined well list and disables all the filters.

Figure 23: Well list set to dynamic and all well that met the criteria

3. In the Settings dialog box, on the Search criteria tab, define the filter criteria for your search. You can
add, modify, reorder, and remove comparison rows to form the search criteria.
Figure 24: Group search set up to make complex saved search

Use Logical or Operator on saved search: This allows you to filter the wells that have at least one of the selected
logs, rather than all selected logs. This improves organization of well data in the presence of several versions of the
same measurement.
1. Click New search.

2. Click the Search criteria tab
3. Add a new row and set the Filter type to 'Well log data'.
4. In the Property column, select a log.
5. In the Operator column, select Exists.
6. In the Combine column, select OR.

Figure 25: Logical /Operator setup on saved searches

Search for completions: You can create a saved search that contains all completions logs for horizontal wells.
Search for horizontal wells: You can create a saved search for all horizontal wells that contain a particular completion
log.

GIIP output for MBV
The Map-based volume calculation result has been enhanced to also report gas volumes.
You can now report gas volumes by selecting the Gas check box, located in the Contact area on the Input sub-tab of
the Map-based volume calculation dialog.
Figure 26: Check box to report gas volumes

• Accepted N/G and porosity as properties used to apply uncertainties and used report gas volumes.
• Generated gas HCPV, STOIIP, GIIP and recoverable gas.
• Accepted rotated surfaces.
Make surface from continuous polygon attributes

Continuous polygon attributes can now be used as input data in the Make/edit surface process to create a regular
surface:
• Open the Polygon editing tool palette from the Utilities group in the Stratigraphy tab.
• Digitize the polygon with many polylines
• Create a continuous attribute from the right-click menu
• Assign values to the attribute in the spreadsheet.
• Use continuous attribute as input in the Make/edit surface to create.
Additional input data is also supported.

Other enhancements
Other enhancements include:
• Convergent interpolation:
The algorithm has been improved with a check box in the Expert tab to ensure the fixed sample interval to be
0.5 of the cell diagonal to refine input polylines, no matter the line type. It splits each segment in a polygon into
sections equal to the sample interval with the last section shorter than the interval.
• Use of Geopolygons as a boundary in:
o Eliminating data inside/outside geopolygons in the surface operations.
o Using as a boundary in the Make/edit surface process, quick volume calculations in the Inspector and
surface operations.
• Improvements to the blue arrow in Make simple grid process dialog:
o The orange (blue) arrow implementation makes it easy to insert a boundary manually or click on the
magnifier icon to search and select from a list of polygons and surfaces in the tree.
o Text can be entered in the box to facilitate the search.
Geology: Well Section Window

2015.3
Raster log
Raster logs can be used as search criteria in saved searches.
2015.1
XY hinges
You can now select an XY location as a hinge point when you are creating and editing a cross section. The cross
section can be created with XY hinges, Well hinges, or a combination of XY and Well hinges.
You can display XY hinges in a cross section, and configure the XY hinges style settings in the Settings for X-
section dialog box. .
Figure 27: XY and Well hinges displayed in a Well Section Window

Curtain section
A curtain section allows for the well path to be followed within the cross section. After you have created a cross
section and posted it in the Well section window, right-click an individual well header when Select/Pick mode is
enabled, and then click Toggle curtain. The cross section will be updated to follow the path of the well.
You can configure the direction of the curtain section in the Settings for X-section dialog box. A cross section can
contain multiple curtain sections.
Figure 28: Settings for X-section dialog box showing the Curtain display options

Background wells
Wells can be displayed in the background of a Well section window. The background well can be user defined or
identified by the distance from the cross section.
Figure 29: Cross section with background wells posted with well logs and markers

Background wells are orthogonally projected onto the nearest cross section plane, and continuous/discrete logs can
be displayed on the left and right side of the well path. Markers can also be posted on background wells when a
background log is displayed.
You can specify the color, label, and symbol for background wells in the Settings for X-section dialog box.

Figure 30: The Settings for X-section dialog box showing the Background well settings

Swap well
Swap well allows you to create a single-well cross section that can be used to check the quality of your data. The well can
be displayed as vertical, deviated, or curtain.
You can select a well to create the single well cross section in a 2D, 3D, or Map window. Once the cross section is
created, click another well within the 2D, 3D, or Map window, the cross section is updated automatically to show only the
most recently selected well.
Figure 31: Example of single-well cross section created from a 2D window

Background surfaces
Surfaces that reflect the true intersection of the surface of the cross section plane can now be displayed in the background
of the cross section.
On the Input pane, right-click the surface, and then click Add to global template > Add to the background. The surface
color and line width settings can be configured in the Settings for Well section template dialog box.

Figure 32: Background surfaces displayed in a cross section

Major and minor grid lines
Major and minor gridlines can be displayed on the background of a cross section when background items are posted. The
line style increment and label settings are set in the Grid lines tab, in the Settings for Well section window dialog
box. A readout on the cursor position is available.

Figure 33: Horizontal minor and major grid lines displayed in a Well section window

Figure 34: Grid lines tab in the Settings for Well section window dialog box

Raster logs
The raster log functionality has been moved from the Shale plug-in, and has been incorporated into Petrel. The raster
log functionality is included in the Well correlation license.
To load Raster logs, right-click the well or the well folder, and click Import (on selection), and then select the raster
file types.
Well tops mini toolbar

The well tops mini toolbar is now available in the Well section window. Right-click the well top to display the mini toolbar
and context menu when Select pick mode is enabled.
True horizontal length

True horizontal length (THL) is now a supported depth domain in the Well section window. THL can be useful for highly
deviated or horizontal wells.

Figure 35: Completion track being displayed in THL Completion track displayed in SSTVD

Show and hide the 3D grid
Individual 3D grid horizons and faults can be displayed or hidden in the background by adding a 3D grid object in the
Background template node in the Settings for Well section template dialog box.
The horizons and faults in the selected grid are listed in the Definition tab of the Settings for Well section
template dialog box with individual check boxes.
The color and line size of the horizons and faults can be configured in the Style tab.
It is also possible to right-click a horizon or a fault, and click Add to global template > Background.
Figure 36: Horizon and fault check boxes in the Settings for Well section template dialog box

Collapse vertical well
For easier viewing of the deviated and curtain section wells, and the background objects, vertical tracks can be
collapsed to a line.
• Click Vertical tracks on the window toolbar to collapse all the wells.
• Right-click the well head to expand or collapse a single well.
• You can also collapse a well in the Definition tab, in the Settings for X-section dialog box.
Figure 37: Vertical and deviated wells displayed in a Well section window

Figure 38: Deviated wells with vertical well tracks collapsed in a cross section

Well correlation ghost curve
It is now possible to create a single log, multi-log single track, and multi-log multi-track ghost curves. It is also
possible to display the well and log name on the ghost curve header.
You can include an index track in the ghost curve, and add additional control points to the ghost curve. Additionally,
you can enable and disable markers within the ghost curve to control which markers will be placed on the well.
Figure 39: A well correlation ghost curve with the well and log name created on well C3
that contains all applicable logs and markers

Find well
A well can be centered within an active Well section window by right-clicking the well of interest in the Input pane,
and clicking Find in active well section.
Number of hinges
The total number of Well and XY hinges defined within the cross section can be viewed in the Definition tab, in the
Settings for X-section dialog box.
Number of tracks
The total number of vertical and deviated tracks can be viewed in the Settings for Well section template dialog
box.

Using Polysection in Studio Find
It is now possible to use the Polysection tool within Studio Find by interactively drawing an area of interest in a 2D
window. The area of interest coverage can be interactively adjusted in the Settings for x-section creation via
polysection dialog box, and the wells that are within the area of interest can be loaded into the Petrel project and
used to create a new cross section.
Geology: Structural Geology

2015.1
Volume calculation of Structural Framework model zones
The calculation of zone volume can be performed using Structural Framework models and specified contacts. The
volumetric operations include gross rock volume and fluid volumes, such as hydrocarbon pore volume and in-place oil
and gas volume.

The volume of structural framework model zones can be calculated. Zone volumes can be calculated for individual
zones (in the Operations tab of zone settings) or for all zones at once (in the Operations tab of the zone folder
settings).The volume calculation operations are split into Gross rock volume (GRV) and different fluid volumes (oil and
gas HCPV, STOIIP, GIIP, solution gas, condensate oil, recoverable oil and gas).
A contact is required (two contacts for the oil and gas volumes). Contacts are flat and uniform all over the model area
(single value per zone), and the default value corresponds to the deepest point of each zone (or of the model when
calculated for all zones at once).
The volumetric operations only apply to models created with the volume based modeling (VBM) method in depth
domain (TVD). All structural framework volumetric operations are workflow-enabled.
1. Open the Settings of any structural framework model zone (or the zone folder).
2. Open the Operations tab.
3. In the Volume calculation group, select Gross rock volume or any Fluid volume operation.
4. In the case of Fluid volume, specify reservoir volume parameters (Net/Gross and Porosity)
5. Specify Contact depth(s).
6. In the case of Fluid volume, specify fluid volume parameters for gas (Gas saturation, Gas formation volume
factor, Recovery factor (gas), Oil-gas ratio) and/or oil (Oil saturation, Oil formation volume factor, Recovery factor
(oil), Gas-oil ratio)
7. Click Run.
The result will appear in the message log. Volume calculation results in the message log are reported in project
units; the option “In-place volumes in additional units“ reports the results for STOIIP and GIIP in additional volume
units.
Important: All parameters, except contact depth, are not unit-sensitive, i.e., they are hardcoded to the units as
displayed and do not react to changes in project units.

Isochore calculation between Structural Framework model
horizons
The calculation of true vertical thickness isochores between two horizons of Structural Framework models can be
performed.
True vertical thickness (TVT) isochores can be calculated for structural framework model zones. The isochore
operations can be found in the settings of individual horizons and the horizon folder of a refined structural framework
model. TVT can be calculated for single zones or multiple zones (one TVT value for several adjacent zones).
Calculated TVT isochore values are stored as attributes on a point set with a specified XY increment along the
extended selected top horizon.
The isochore operations apply to refined models created with the volume based modeling (VBM) method in depth
(TVD) and time (TWT) domain. All structural framework isochore operations are workflow-enabled.
1. Open the Settings of any refined structural framework model horizon.

2. Open the Operations tab.

3. In the Isochore modeling group, select True vertical thickness.
4. Specify Base horizon if multiple-zone TVT is required.
5. Specify XY increment.
6. Click Run.
The operation generates a point set (with a specified XY increment) along the extended selected top horizon with an
attribute containing the calculated true vertical thickness at each point. The same operation can also be performed
for all horizons at once (Operations tab of the horizon folder settings).
The point set generated by the operation can be optionally restricted to complete zones only (“Restrict to complete
zones” toggled on). In that case, no points will be created at locations where top and base horizons do not overlap,
e.g., due to truncation by erosional/discontinuous horizons or faults, or due to onlap or downlap onto
base/discontinuous horizons.

Geology: Modeling
2015.4
New MPS method
A new MPS (MultiPoint Statistics) method is available in Petrel 2015.4. Its key characteristics are: intuitive,
geologically realistic, and performant. The new intuitive user-interface for MPS is designed for geologists and does
not require any prior expertise in MPS. Complex geological models can be created easily and quickly, as the new
MPS method ensures a proper reproduction of the geological pattern and allows combining external constraints
(fractions and geometrical constraints).
Running a MPS simulation with the MPS method is a one-step process. Contrary to Multipoint simulation with
pattern objects, this method does not require creating patterns before running the simulation, as this is handled
internally by the algorithm.
A training image property is the only mandatory input to run the Multipoint simulation. You must specify the target

fractions for each facies in the simulated model. A servo-system ensures that those fractions (that are the global
target fractions at the reservoir scale) are reproduced within a given tolerance.
MPS, as any geostatistical algorithm, generates stationary models by default. Therefore, unless dealing with a dense
well environment, the facies patterns borrowed from the training image can be reproduced anywhere in the MPS
simulated model. Since actual reservoirs are not stationary, facies proportions and geometries often vary in space.
You must define external local constraints to impose non-stationary features in a MPS model. There are two types of
constraints:
• Proportion constraints to control the spatial distribution of the facies elements, that is, to decrease or increase
locally the fraction of a given facies.
• Geometrical constraints to modify locally the geometry of the facies patterns to be simulated.

Figure 40: MPS facies model (right) built using Multipoint simulation with probability constraints (bottom left)
and braided channels training image (upper left)

2015.3
Truncated Gaussian with trends
Input background
In the Geometry tab of the Truncated Gaussian with trends dialog, in addition to images and surfaces, it is now
possible to drop a polyline to show as background in the map view. This includes faults polygons and user-defined
polygons.

Data analysis
Output QC properties
In the Data analysis dialog, new options are now available to output relevant properties to QC the declustering
results. These include the declustering weights assigned to the input data and the declustering density function used
to estimate the declustering weights.
The resulting QC properties will be saved in the Properties folder in the Models pane, in a subfolder identified with
the name of the inherent property.

Depospace
Depospace QC property
A Depospace QC property can now be created on a Stair-stepped grid with a Depospace transform, found on the
Stair-step tab of the Properties folder on the Settings tab. It allows you to check the quality of the Depospace
mapping that will be used for property modeling. It represents the number of neighboring cells in Geospace (including
itself) that map to the same cell in Depospace.

2015.1
Data analysis discrete properties – Declustering option
A new Use declustering weights toggle is now available in the Proportion tab and Thickness tab of the Data
analysis dialog. When toggled on, declustering weights pre-computed in the new Declustering tab will be used to
compute histograms, proportions and statistics of the input facies data.
Horizontal and clustered wells, preferentially sampled on high quality part of the reservoir, might bias the estimated
global facies proportions and histograms.
• A new Use declustering weights option is now available in the Proportion tab and Thickness tab of the
Data analysis dialog box. When you switch on Use declustering weights, you can now use declustering
weights, pre-computed in the new Declustering tab, to correct for the sampling bias in the facies proportions
and histograms caused by horizontal and clustered wells.
• A new Declustering tab has been added to the Data analysis dialog box. The Declustering tab can be used
to change the settings and re-compute the declustering weights for the input data. The optimal declustering grid

geometry for a selected facies can be also automatically estimated.

Data analysis continuous properties – Declustering option
You can now alleviate the spatial bias in the properties distribution caused by spatially clustered and horizontal well
data using the new Declustering option for Normal score transformation. Checking the Decluster option will weigh
the input data with declustering weights such that data in densely sampled areas receive less weight and data in
sparsely sampled areas receiving greater weight.
Directional (horizontal or highly deviated) wells and preferential drilling targeting pay intervals might cause the log
data to be spatially biased and therefore no representative of the spatial distribution of the petrophysical properties
over the volume of interest. The new Decluster option allows you to alleviate the spatial bias in the property
distribution caused by clustered wells or horizontal wells data. Checking the Decluster option will weigh the input
data with declustering weights such that data in densely sampled areas receive less weight (shrinking the histogram
bars for the preferentially sampled values) and data in sparsely sampled areas receiving greater weight (expanding
the histogram bars for the sparse data values). When the Declustering option is ticked on,
• The declustering settings are shown in the top right of the dialog. This allows you to select the declustering
settings, estimate the optimal geometry and re-compute the declustering weights for the input data. The

declustering weights will then be automatically applied to the data.
• A new histogram window will appear on the bottom showing the input data histogram and the weighted
(declustered) data histogram.

Facies modeling – Use proportion from data analysis
In Facies modeling, a new Use estimated facies proportions from data analysis option allows you to fetch estimated
global facies proportions computed in data analysis from the upscaled and well log input data.
When the TG, SIS, or MP facies simulation algorithm is selected, a new Use estimated facies proportions from data
analysis button is available in the Facies modeling dialog. This allows you to fetch the estimated global facies
proportions computed in data analysis from the upscaled and well log input data for the selected facies:
• If you switch on Use declustering weights in Data analysis, then the ‘declustered’ global fractions computed
in Data analysis will be fetched.
• If you switch off Length weighted in Data analysis, then the cell-count based global fractions computed in Data
analysis will be fetched.

Scale up well logs - Continuous log weighting
You can now use one or more continuous logs are weights to compute the average of continuous properties during
the upscaling process. This allows you to preserve pore and fluid volumes when upscaling petrophysical properties.
When upscaling some petrophysical properties such as net-to-gross, porosity and saturation, it is essential to
preserve pore and fluid volumes. This means that the input log samples might need to be weighted by auxiliary log
data in such a way that the respective volumetric properties are preserved when moving from the fine to the coarse
scale using average methods.
• The Use weighting option is now available for continuous properties. This allows you to use one or more
continuous logs are weights to compute the average of continuous properties during the upscaling process.
• When a continuous property is being upscaled, and Use weighting is selected, the Weighted tab will allow
you to select one or more continuous logs to be used as weights.
• Once the upscaling settings have been set, the upscaling process will calculate the average of the target log
samples weighted by the samples of the selected weighting logs.

Facies tool palette
New geological brushes for Interactive facies editing
You can now directly paint channels as well as geometric and geologic bodies on the 3D facies property, by using the
new geological brushes added to the facies tool palette.
New tools have been added to the set of tool in the Facies tool palette that allow you to direct and interactively paint
geological features on the 3D facies property.
• Channel brush: allows you to iteratively paint a channel (with or without levee) directly on the 3D facies property.
The tool settings allow you to select the facies code, initial orientation and dimensions of the channel section
and levee.
• Geometric body tool: allows you to add a geometric body directly on the 3D facies property. The tool settings
allow you to select the body shape, orientation and dimensions of the geometric body.

Undo/Redo button
The Undo/Redo functionality is now available for the Iterative facies editing tools in the different windows (2D and
3D).
Similar to the existing undo/redo for other editing functionality (surface, polygon, points), full undo/redo is now

available during each Iterative facies editing session.

Quality Assurance maps
You can now display simultaneously attribute values from different data types (well logs, upscaled data, map) and
well names, when displaying Quality assurance (QA) maps on a Map window. Also, you can quickly and
automatically create plot windows with several map viewports upon creation of the QA maps, and list in the output
sheet the attribute values for all the data types (well logs, upscaled, map) per zone and per well.
You can now simultaneously display and compare the QA attribute map values against the equivalent attribute values
computed from the input well logs and upscaled data along the well tracks. Additionally, a Highlight non-matched
wells option allows you to define a difference threshold in percent and highlight well points for which the map value
differs of more than the specified percentage from the calculated well log value.
Also, a new Create map/zone plot option has been added to the QA map settings dialog to allow you quickly and
automatically create plot windows with several map viewports upon creation of the QA maps:
• In each plot window, multiple map viewports will be automatically created and the layout will be automatically
organized in a grid so they do not overlap.
• The new plot windows (with respective map view ports) will display the QA map on each one of the zones

existing in the grid.
• You can use a single common color table for all the map viewports, with the limits set from the property
template.
• You can set the maximum number of map viewports to be created per plot windows.
And a new Output attribute values option allows you to write a report in the QA map report tab of the output sheet.
The report will list the computed values for the selected attribute for all data types (well log, upscaled, map) for all
wells and for all the existing zones in the grid.
Data Analysis – Interactive Vertical Proportion Curve editing

Workflow productivity when working with Vertical Proportion Curves (VPC) in the Data analysis process is greatly
improved with the new interactive editing functionality for those curves and the ability to edit only a selected part of
the curve.
Vertical Proportion Curves can now be interactively edited quickly and easily by clicking once in the graph and
dragging the mouse cursor. This allows, for example, to add easily vertical trends to the selected facies curve.
Additionally, the options “Fit active/all curve(s) to a constant / a linear regression / histogram / the specified
fraction” as well as the “Smooth active/all curve(s)” are now editing only the selected points of the active curve.


Modeling Input Parameters – New reporting option in the
Workflow editor
A new reporting option is available for the Modeling Input Parameters (MIP) in the Workflow editor.
Three options are now available for the workflow commands, Facies modeling and Petrophysical modeling:
• Run only (identical behavior as pre-2015.1): The process will run and no report will be created.
• Run and report: The process will run and a MIP report will be created according to the parameters selected in the
MIP.
• Report only: The process will not be run and a MIP report will be created according to the parameters selected in
the MIP.

Make surface – use input inside boundary only
When selected, all input points located outside the boundary, whether from the main input or from any additional
input, are ignored by the gridding algorithm. When the specified boundary is made of several closed polygons, the
gridding will also be performed independently in each polygon, ignoring the data lying outside of each polygon in
turns.
In cases where the seismic interpretation is either patchy, or presents large fault throw without corresponding fault
polygons (often in large regional interpretations), or with salt bodies, it is critical to restrict the gridding of surface
inside a boundary.

Performance improvement for Facies and Petrophysical
modeling methods
Performance is improved when using a combination of sequential and parallel algorithms in the Facies and
Petrophysical modeling processes. In addition, performance of the Object modeling algorithm, when simulating fluvial
channels, is greatly improved.
Most methods of Facies and Petrophysical modeling processes have been parallelized in the last years. Nevertheless,
few methods are still sequential. In Petrel 2015.1, when using a combination of sequential and parallel methods
during simulation of several Zones/Facies, the performance has been optimized.
In addition, the performance of the Object modeling method of Facies modeling dialog has been specifically improved
when simulating fluvial channel objects.
Truncated Gaussian with trends (behavioral changes)

Together option
For the Truncated Gaussian with trends algorithm, since the trend model shown in the section view when the Use
Zones button is toggled off correspond to the output trend of the entire model, the Together option will be
automatically ticked on and disabled.
When the Truncated Gaussian with trends algorithm is selected in Facies modeling and Use Zones switched off, the
trend model shown in the section view will correspond to the output trend of the entire model. When opening the
Facies modeling dialog for legacy models created with the Zones button untoggled and the Together box unchecked,
the Zones button will be automatically toggled on and the common settings (Geometry, Variogram, Settings)
previously specified for all zones will be copied to ALL the existing zones in the model. This way, legacy projects can
be preserved with no changes.
Modeling trend in section view

A better approximation algorithm has been implemented for displaying the trend model in section view in the
Geometry tab of the Truncated Gaussian with trends algorithm. No changes will be observed in the output facies
model.
For the Truncated Gaussian with trends algorithm, a better approximation algorithm has been implemented for
displaying the trend in section view. Changes in the facies transition lines in map view are now better reflected in the
facies transition lines in section view. The new algorithm will only improve the model display in section view so no
changes will be observed in the output facies model.

Geology: Fractures
2015.1
Fracture density
Generate fracture density logs per fracture set
Since the introduction of the dedicated process to estimate fracture density log on fracture modeling workflow, it is
now possible to take into account any discrete attribute to produce a density log per class (fracture set, fracture type,
etc.).

New checking options have been added in the window or the Fracture density process. It gives access to the list of
any discrete attribute linked to the fracture data of a point well data file. In the end, a fracture density log per
discrete attribute for each well will be produced.

Figure 41: Example of Fracture density log per fracture set

Extension of fracture data type for Natural Fracture
Prediction (NFP)
Assignation of fracture type for any fracture data file and ability to use it in the
Tectonic Model process
The prediction of natural fractures with the Tectonic model process can be performed now with any kind of fracture
data. Previously, the process could only consume point well data, assuming the assignation of a fracture type. Now,
the Panel fracture data contains two sub panels , Wells and Other allowing the use of Point well data and /or the
use of fault patches (Ant tracking, Discrete Fracture Network [DFN]), or Point sets.

Consequently, the Assign fracture process is able to consume these types of fracture data to create the mechanical
fracture type, mandatory to use the NFP workflow (Tectonic Model and Generate fracture driver).

Filtering option and Decimation
You can filter the fracture to use for the simulation, by selecting any kind of discrete attribute in a select list. Prior
to this, a discrete attribute needs to be created, based on any property of the fracture (Surface area, Dip Azimuth,
length, etc.). Note that any filtering option used with the stereonet or histogram on the fracture data will be
automatically taken into account on the Tectonic model.
To avoid too high a number of fractures, you can limit the amount by entering a decimation number. This number
represents the maximum number of fractures used for this simulation.

New permeability upscaling method
Introduction of a new method for upscaling permeability based on ODA method and
taking into account the connectivity of fracture network
In order to produce a new permeability upscaling method that takes into account the true connectivity of the fracture
network, you can now choose the Oda corrected method in the corresponding select list. The aim is to be as close
as possible to the Flow based permeability upscaling method, but faster. This option is currently only available for
discrete fractures (and not on the implicit fractures).
Figure 42: Linear color scale used to compare the upscaled permeability
This process computes connectivity outputs used to correct the Oda upscaling method and can be exposed and used
for a further analysis. Note that these connectivity outputs can be computed for a further analysis even when
choosing the classical Oda upscaling method.


Geology: Wells
2015.2
Search wells by UWI
The Search tool searches the UWI attribute of wells, in addition to the well name. Wells appear in their own section
in the search results, labeled with both primary and secondary well identifiers.
2015.1
New well model
The New model wells implementation provides a more efficient structure to support all wells with multiple surveys
and plans on upgrade. This will effectively support internal domains, such as Drilling, Reservoir Engineering (RE),

Real-time workflows, etc., with multiple trajectories in surveys and plans as needed in all wells. Clients will have an
easy way to quality control (QC) a plan with a drilled survey in a well bore, especially when survey data varies from
the original plan.
The first time a Petrel project (from prior leases with single/branch well trace) is upgraded, you will see that:
• The well upgrade report sheet shows a total number of wells.
• Wells are listed in a table that has differences in the TD location for you to QC XYZ & MD before and after the
upgrade.
• Messages at the bottom section of the table list sidetrack wells that failed trajectory computation.

Figure 43: Well upgrade report sheet

• In the Messages log, there is a message to see the output sheet in the windows pane for the well upgrade
report.
• If text is missing, drag the second column to see more text.
• Wells already in the new model from 2012.2 to 2014.x will not be affected.
• Old (single) well trace will be upgraded to explicit survey and set as definitive. The spreadsheet is read-only and
preserves the geometry of the old well trace.
• The Surveys and plans folder is initially hidden and clicking “Show trajectory providers” on the Well/well
folder from the right click menu; makes it visible.
Figure 44: Well A10 showing the Surveys and plans folder with explicit survey as definitive
• Proposed wells will no longer be supported and will upgrade to explicit and automatic plans.
o Proposed wells generated with the standard spline algorithm (simple, standalone and sidetrack) are
upgraded to explicit plan and set as active.
o Proposed wells generated with advanced algorithm (simple, standalone and sidetrack) are upgraded to
explicit and automatic plans. The explicit preserves the geometry of the upgraded proposed well trajectory
and set as active plan. The automatic plan preserves the original design points.
o Proposed wells generated with the simulation trajectory algorithm are converted to the Explicit (preserves
MDs and read-only) and XYZ (editable) plans. Explicit plan is set as the Active plan.
• Wells created by well path design process, specifically:
o Best fit well are upgraded to the explicit and automatic plans. Explicit is set as the Active plan.

o Optimized wells are upgraded to explicit and automatic plans. Explicit is set as the Active plan.
o Lateral well path design Fork type wells are upgraded to Explicit (preserves MDs and read-only) and XYZ
(editable) plans. Explicit is set as the Active plan.
Sidetrack / Lateral wells

Sidetrack:
• Is sometimes referred to as a lateral well that is often drilled as part of an intentional or corrective measure to
optimally intercept geological targets different from the mother bore.
• Has a defined relationship to the main bore and survey and always share the same surface location as their
mother bore.
• Sidetrack/lateral well might be a drilled series of horizontal wells in a shale gas reservoir or drilled as a relief
well or to avoid obstructions near a producing well.
The following workflows will allow you to create, edit, and visualize sidetrack wells.
Create a sidetrack well

• Right click on a well in the tree and click Insert new lateral well. The operation creates a sidetrack well with

an empty Surveys and plans folder. Import well head file cannot create a sidetrack well.
• Right click on the sidetrack/lateral well and click Insert new lateral survey.
• The dialog from the operation will help you define the sidetrack well relationship with the mother bore and its
kick off depth at the tie in MD. See the following figure, which describes the relationship.
Figure 45: Insert new lateral survey dialog
• The above operation creates MD, INCL & AZIM type lateral survey and tie into New well 1 explicit trajectory at
tie in depth of 450m.
• In the Input pane, the main bore and sidetrack wells exist as separate objects in the tree.
• The tie-in MD can be specified by you or automatically calculated during import of the multi-well path/deviation
survey.
• Import sidetrack surveys: Right click on the sidetrack/lateral Surveys and plans folder. Import a file by
selecting the “well path/deviation for surveys (ASCII) (*.*)” format, and by default, MD, INCL & AZIM is selected
and the columns defined. Other survey types can be selected, but you have to define the input data column.
The Importer has a Lateral trajectory settings area to define the survey tie in depth.

Figure 46: Lateral survey path/deviation import dialog

Multiple surveys can be imported into a lateral well.
• Sidetrack/lateral well spreadsheet: If not open, it can be launched from the survey right-click menu in the tree,
lateral survey Inspector and MTB when visualized in the 3D/Map window.
• Note the following about sidetrack Trajectory spreadsheet:
o Lateral survey spreadsheet UI has the following features:
o Editable Tie in md field
o Read-only Tie in trajectory and Tie in well fields
o The Tie in trajectory field will not support invalid trajectory.
o The Tie in md field has a collapsible drop-down button; click to display the tie-in MD and other calculated
parameters. All grayed-out rows display and cannot be edited.
o Tie in md: Numeric precision is binding to the ‘Measured depth’ template. User can define value between
Tie in md and TD of the well to update the spreadsheet. Precision is visible in the survey spreadsheet
computation.
o The first MD of the input data must be greater than the tie in MD to participate in the survey spreadsheet
calculation.

Figure 47: Lateral spreadsheet showing tie in MD, tie in trajectory and well
• The sidetrack/lateral survey promoted to well as definitive will be extended to the main well head position. Its
survey spreadsheet data columns are read-only.

Note: The following are some behavioral changes in the trajectory spreadsheet when tie in MD is your lateral survey:
• If it is still in the range of the tie-in trajectory, then re-calculate the lateral trajectory. The range is defined by the
start and end depth of the lateral trajectory.
• If the tie in MD value is greater than the first MD on the trajectory spreadsheet, for example, 3550m as against
3500.10m, the first value is skipped/ignored in the trajectory calculation. Hovering the mouse over the column in
the first row indicates a pop-up message saying that the row will be ignored. The row in the first column will be
blank and some of the spreadsheet attributes will not be calculated.
Figure 48: Message in the trajectory spreadsheet showing skipped depth

• If tie in MD is out of range of tie in trajectory, then the lateral trajectory will fail (the icon is changed to an error
icon with a red X to show the calculation failed). You can still change the tie in MD to make it valid.
• If you delete the tie in trajectory, all of the lateral trajectories will be deleted. There is a warning message when
you delete a tie in trajectory that has a lateral survey.
• If you set an invalid definitive survey to a sidetrack well (the calculation fails or the tie in MD is out of range of
the tie in trajectory), the sidetrack well spreadsheet displays a stub (0-10 project unit).
• Sidetracks wells in the Well manager cannot be edited. The X, Y, and well datum fields cannot be edited.
• Sidetrack well logs: Checkshots, point well data, and well tops are defined and loaded from the well head of the
main bore to TD of sidetrack. No portion of the data is shared.
• Visualization in 2D, 3D, Map: Intersection and Interpretation window will present the same view, though, in
WSW the well top horizon picking above tie in MD may result in duplicates on sidetrack wells.
• Sidetrack/lateral well settings dialog is read-only. It has inherited the mother bore well head position.
• The Inspector can be used to quickly view and edit some of the style settings and other data information about
a sidetrack or lateral well and the associated survey.
• If the Inspector window is not already open, on the Home tab, in the View group, click Inspector.
• When you select a sidetrack or lateral well or a lateral survey, the Inspector organizes the information under
five collapsible tabs: Pick information, Quality attributes, Info, Style, and Trajectory.

Figure 49: Inspector readout for sidetrack survey

Petrel Studio and RPT support for sidetrack/lateral well: Survey information for a sidetrack/lateral well can be
transferred between Petrel projects by using the Reference project tool (RPT) and Petrel Studio:
• If you transfer a lateral survey, it requires (is dependent on) information about the main borehole trajectory
survey and plan. If the main borehole's survey and plan do not exist in the target project, RPT will automatically
copy the main borehole information to the target plan. If the target plan has the main borehole information, but it
is not the latest version, RPT will not automatically refresh the target project's main borehole data.
• If you transfer the main borehole information to a project, this does not automatically transfer the lateral survey
and plans to the target project.
Branch well upgrade: Branch wells are upgraded to a sidetrack and marked as such in the Input pane. (Please see the
upgrade document for details).
Create XYZ trajectory plan from polygon

A new Workflow editor command is implemented to create a well with an XYZ plan from a digitized polygon.
Well planning involving reservoir engineers is a routine workflow in reservoir field development to achieve optimal

well placement.
The support for an object like a polygon that can easily be digitized and edited within a segment or connecting
different segments to create an XYZ plan has become very necessary.
Right-click a digitized polygon and select create XYZ plan. This operation creates a well with an XYZ plan.
In the Workflow editor, click Polygon operations in the Operations tab by specifying the polygon and an existing
well in the tree to create and append the XYZ plan to the well.
The polygon can be created and edited with the Polygon editing tool palette. The input polygon must have at least
two points, but not be closed. It uses variables to reference polygon and well.

The workflow can be set up, as shown below.
Figure 50: Workflow editor command to create and append XYZ plan to New well 1

• In the polygon settings window, click polygon Operations and select Create trajectory from polygon.
• Update the input data field.
• Click Run to create the XYZ plan and append to the target well.
If the well does not contain a survey/plan, the XYZ plan from the polygon is set as active and used to visualize the
well trajectory.

Multi-trajectory surveys and plans
The DX, DY, TVD and XYTVD type surveys implementation completed work on trajectories in the new model well
generated from secondary data started in Petrel 2014.1.
The Well path/deviation for surveys importer now has four survey types MD, INC & AZIM, XYZ (details in the Petrel
E&P Software Platform Release Notes for 2014.1), and DX, DY, TVD, and XYTVD from which to select. The input data
fields can be edited in the trajectory spreadsheet.
The Explicit type survey is a copy of the old well trace and is read-only.
• DX, DY, TVD survey type stores (DX DY, TVD) for each point on the trace. DX, DY is the offset from the well head.
• The survey inherits the Azimuth reference setting from the MD Inclination and Azimuth survey and the TVD
properties from the X Y TVD survey, as described in the following spreadsheet.
Figure 51: DX DY TVD spreadsheet showing editable columns in white

• The X Y TVD type survey and its trajectory spreadsheet are read from the TVD elevation reference. Azimuth
reference plays no role in X Y TVD survey.
Figure 52: X Y TVD spreadsheet showing editable columns in white

• The Inspector for DX, DY, TVD and X, Y, TVD provides a read out of trace information or pick information. The
remainder of the gadgets are the same with the other trajectory survey types.
The Automatic plan loader is in drilling office trajectory (DOT) format and the trajectory spreadsheet is read-only. It
has Inspector support to modify frequently accessed style settings in 2D, 3D and Map windows.
Enhancements
Well operations
The Well operations command in the Workflow editor has been modified to support translated and rotated well
heads.
New model wells with multi-trajectory surveys will move when a well head is translated/rotated, depending on the
survey type set as the definitive survey.
When running the Workflow editor command, open the well settings/trajectory spreadsheet from the well to QC
changes, as you translate/rotate the well head.
If a well trajectory is MD, INC & AZIM / DX DY TVD type survey is definitive, the Surveys and plans folder must
have either the X, Y, Z or X, Y, TVD survey type to translate well head.

To open the Workflow editor, on the Home tab, in the Insert group, click Object and then click New workflow:
• In the Workflow editor, click Operations and navigate to Well operations to select and insert the Translate
well/Rotate well command.
• Update the Workflow editor as shown in the following figure.
• Click Run to execute.
Figure 53: Translate well operations in Workflow editor

Note:
• The Explicit survey is neither translated nor rotated.
• Lateral/sidetrack well relationships are not handled, but the mother bore (main well) can be translated/rotated.
• Scale up operation is no longer supported.
Well label visualization improvement

The purpose to color wells by labels and symbols was to reinforce the saved search capability as an efficient filtering
tool to control well visualization in 2D, 3D and Map windows.
In the Settings dialog for a Wells folder, there is an option to show the well path color as DLS to visualize wells
with surveys and plans.
In the Symbols sub tab, click Label and Symbol in the Settings dialog for a main well folder and select As path
and As attribute, respectively, from the Color drop-down list.
• If you set the label and symbol color As path, it will use the color set in the show well Path tab.
• In the well sub folder, the option to show the label color from the Symbols sub tab is disabled.
• The well label style can only be modified from main well folder.
Multiple well path/deviation format file loader:

• This has been enhanced to support data in a new well model.
• The symbol “%” declares the lateral/sidetrack relationship between wells ONLY in the dev file, but not
necessarily in the tree. In the tree, the main well name might contain “%”, and a lateral/sidetrack well name
may not.
• The MD option is available when the survey type is MD or INCL&AZIM.

Reservoir Engineering
Reservoir Engineering: General
2015.1
Behavioral changes
Assign a different start date to an open-hole side track (lateral) well
You can now modify the date at which a well can first flow using a perforation in the open-hole lateral and assign the
desired flow date to it. The perforation can exist anywhere in the lateral and will have no other effect on the flow
within the lateral.

Segmentation uses data from the current active case
The displayed segmentation uses data from the current-active case. This ensures that the displayed
segmentation correctly matches the exported segmentation, taking into account cell connection activity and the grid
and LGR set (if any) used by the active case.
If no case is active, the previous behavior of assuming all cell connections are active and using the currently active
grid and LGR set (if any) from the Models pane is used.
Observed data created by converting a simulation case

In 2015.1, observed data extraction from an imported simulation case has been modified. Extracted observed data
from a simulation case will ignore the properties that do not contain any non-zero value.
Grid property modification

When an INTERSECT case (using the INTERSECT 2015.1 Connector) containing a property modifier set is exported,
Petrel exports all case properties as if the case contains no property modifier set. It also exports property edit
definitions to a separate file (equivalent to the edits defined in the property modifier set), and the simulator applies
these property edits when reading the exported case.
Importing multiple Left hand grids no longer require individual confirmation of

coordinate system change
Prior to 2015.1, when importing multiple cases' 3D simulation results with left hand grids, the coordinate system
warning dialog would display for each case, requiring individual confirmation that the coordinate system can be
changed.
From 2015.1, an Ok for All button is added to the left-handed grid warning dialog allowing you to confirm the change
to all imported cases once.

Changes to the way PI well tests are displayed
A PI well test completion is used to represent the calculated productivity index of the well.
Currently, a PI well test completion requires you to enter top and bottom measured depth (MD) that are effectively
redundant. To remove confusion, the PI well test completion in Petrel 2015 has been changed to disable top and
bottom MD settings.
When visualizing a PI well test, the visual MD interval is calculated as the maximum extent of all flowing intervals
(perforations/open hole) that are open at that time. As a result, when upgrading from Petrel 2014 to Petrel 2015, you
may see the MD interval of a PI well test change when viewing in, for example, the WSW or 3D windows. This will
have no effect on the resulting simulation deck or results.
Changes to hydraulic fracture functionality

• The ability to change the Cut off angle on an individual Hydraulic fracture object has been removed.
All Hydraulic fracture objects now use the common value settable via the Properties dialog box of the Global
completions folder (20 degrees by default).
• Hydraulic fractures no longer use the Correlation option by default. It is recommended to model hydraulic
fractures using the Grid to hydraulic fractures option available via the Make local grids process. This

process will, by default, grid to hydraulic fractures if they are present (and not using the Correlation option) in the
process input.
• For all non-correlation fractures, fracture width is mimicked by reducing the fracture cells’ pore volume using
MULTPV.
MULTPV is now written to the GRID section, where both E100 and E300 simulators support it.
• Fractures are now supported in dual porosity dual permeability (DPDK) cases.
The fracture is modeled to affect the fracture grid only, in the same way as a dual porosity case. Only
connections to, and cells in, the fracture grid are affected by the presence of the fracture.
Complete the support for the INTERSECT grid-edits workflow through Petrel
• You can now directly export GPM settings into an IXF file.
Edits in GPMs are exported to the simulator as "editing instructions," and then INTERSECT applies these to the
unedited grid properties after loading them from data files.
This means that adding GPMs to a case and re-exporting requires just the export of the "editing instructions."
The grid property files exported before the GPMs were added do not need to change, and are, therefore, not re-
exported. This change allows re-export to be much faster, and should encourage greater use of GPMs.
• Support on sparse region definition
Prior to Petrel 2015, if any region property had discontinuous values or its lowest region value was not 1, Petrel
compacted the values into continuous series starting at 1. In Petrel 2015.1, Petrel will export the region values as
they are, with region name from the property name and region index from its code value. The 3D results display
is consistent with input values.
• Well connections using cell I–J–K index
Prior to Petrel 2015.1, in the exported “well to cell connections” node, the cell IDs represent a flattened 1D grid,
making location of those cells very difficult in a 3D grid. In Petrel 2015, the cell global ID has been replaced with
the correct I–J–K values.

VFP manager
The “Compare two VFP tables” feature has been removed from Petrel 2015.1, as it was missing the ability to
effectively merge curves from two or more tables, which resulted in a restricted ability to analyze.
Improved simulation export performance

• Intelligently exporting only changes in 3D grids and properties:
During history matching, grid properties such as permeability and porosity are frequently edited. In these
circumstances, when you re-export data, only changes will be re-exported rather than re-exporting the whole
dataset.
• Base case sharing in U&O to save disk space:
Petrel 2015 optimizes the disk space usage by sharing files between base case and its realizations.
• Grid properties are compressed when writing to a GSG file to save the disk space.
Reservoir engineering unit settings

Define the simulation input data in Petrel for a particular oilfield using a unit system that is different to other
domains by independently setting or customizing the unit system in supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets using
the Reservoir engineering unit settings dialog box.
The dialog boxes and spreadsheets supporting flexible units are:
• Development strategy dialog box
• Field management dialog box
• Make fluid model dialog box
• Make rock physics functions dialog box
• INTERSECT tabs in the Define simulation case dialog box
• VFP manager
• Initial conditions dialog box
• Initialize from maps dialog box
• Settings for 'ECLIPSE network' dialog box
• Rock physics spreadsheet
• Fluid spreadsheet.

Change the reservoir engineering unit system
Set the unit system in dialog boxes and spreadsheets supporting flexible unit settings differently from the project
unit to enter and display measurement values in a more familiar unit system.
To set the reservoir engineering unit system:

1. From the Default reservoir engineering unit system list, select the unit system that you want to use. The
default unit system can be one of 'Project', 'ECLIPSE-METRIC', or 'ECLIPSE FIELD'.
If the current unit system includes customized measurements, you will be asked if you want to clear these
measurements. Click Yes to clear all customization, or No to retain your customized measurements.
Units displayed in the supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets are automatically converted to the selected unit
system.
If the selected unit system differs from the Petrel project unit, an orange border is displayed around unit lists in
supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets and in the Favorite measurements and All measurements tables
in the Reservoir engineering unit settings dialog box.
2. Click OK.

Change units for individual measurements
Customize the default units for individual measurements to use values that differ from the selected default
Reservoir engineering unit system.
To change the default unit for a measurement:

1. Locate the unit, either in the Favorite measurements table on the Basic tab or on the Advanced tab.
2. Select the required default unit from the Unit list for a measurement.
The default unit is automatically updated in all supported dialog boxes or spreadsheets that use the selected
unit. For example, changing the default unit for Pressure to 'Pa' automatically changes the units for Pressure
values to 'Pa' on the General tab in the Make fluid model dialog box.
Note: A measurement appears in the Customized measurements section of the Customize reservoir
engineering unit display dialog box if you change the default value for the selected unit system. To restore
this unit to its default value for the selected unit system, click Revert to default unit .
3. Click OK.
Change units from supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets

Units may be changed locally in supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets by choosing a different unit from the unit
list next to a measurement. These changes are only saved if Synchronize default units with local unit changes is
selected on the Advanced tab in the Customize reservoir engineering unit display dialog box. The default
Reservoir engineering units for those measurements in all other supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets are also
updated.

Define the available units for a measurement
Use the Customize available units option to define the choice of units available for selected measurements in
dialog boxes and spreadsheets supporting flexible unit settings.
To define the available units for a measurement:
1. On the Advanced tab, click Customize available units .
2. Select the measurement that you want to change. Use the search box at the top of the measurement column to
locate a measurement of interest.
Note that changes to a selected measurement affect all equivalent measurements. Move the mouse pointer
over a measurement label in the measurements table to display a list of all equivalent measurements.

3. Select the check box next to a unit to include it in the choice of units for the measurement available in
supported dialog boxes and spreadsheets. To remove a unit from the units list in a supported dialog box or
spreadsheet, clear its check box. You cannot remove a unit if it is set as the default unit of measure.
To restore default unit selections, click Revert selected units to the original list .
4. If you want to change frequently the default unit for the selected measurement, click Add to favorites to
add the selected measurement to the Favorite measurements table on the Basic tab.
5. Click OK.

Visualization and analysis of simulation results
3D results analysis
You can use the 3D results analysis dialog box to speed up the visualization and analysis of 3D simulation results
for a selected case, and save the resulting views in the 3D results quick views folder in the Results pane.
The 3D results analysis dialog box contains source (case) and property (3D results) selections, which allow you to
create tiled plots of selected 3D results in camera-linked windows, with legends displayed and all properties scaled
to their data range.
Create and display a 3D results quick view

Use 3D results analysis to quickly create and display tiled plots of multiple 3D properties for a selected case in
camera-linked windows.
To create a 3D results quick view:
1. On the Simulation tab, in the 3D results group, click 3D results analysis to open the3D results analysis
dialog box.

2. Change the name of the new quick view, if required.
3. Select the simulation case, Sources and Properties that you want to view.
4. Use the search boxes at the top of each section to locate items of interest. To select all properties, click , to
clear all selections, click .
Note: To create plots using presets, select the preset that you want to use from the Use presets list. The
properties associated with the selected preset are selected automatically in the Properties section of the 3D
results analysis dialog box.
5. To display wells in each 3D window, select Show all wells.
6. Click OK.
Tiled 3D windows appear displaying the selected properties, which are scaled to their data range. The quick
view is saved to the 3D results quick views folder in the Results pane.
Note: When multiple 3D windows are open, the Show all wells option (from the Show/hide wells list in
the 3D results group on the Simulation tab) selects all the wells in the project for display in every visible 3D
window.
7. To change the selections for the quick view, right-click on the quick view in the 3D results quick views folder
in the Results pane, and then click Edit .
The selected quick view is loaded into the 3D results analysis dialog box so that you can make changes.
8. To display a saved quick view, right-click on the quick view in the 3D results quick views folder in the
Results pane, and then click Visualize or Visualize with wells .
Use presets to view 3D simulation results

3D results presets speed up the visualization and analysis of 3D simulation results. Presets are available to target
different types of analysis, including EOR schemes, as well as generally useful plots, such as saturations and
pressure.

To view 3D results using preset presentations:
1. In the Cases pane, select the case containing results that you want to view.
2. On the Simulation tab, in the 3D results group, click 3D results presets and then click the preset that you
want.
When a pre-set is selected, all existing windows in the project are hidden and replaced with a tiled presentation
of the 3D results that the pre-set targets in camera-linked windows, with legends displayed and all properties
scaled to their data range. The preset view is added to the 3D results quick views folder in the Results pane.
3. Click OK.
Tiled 3D windows appear displaying the selected properties, which are scaled to their data range. The quick
view is saved to the 3D results quick views folder in the Results pane.
4. To change the selections for a preset view for a particular case, right-click on the preset view in the 3D results
quick views folder in the Results pane, and then click Edit .
The selected view is loaded into the 3D results analysis dialog box so that you can make changes.
5. To display a saved preset view for a particular case, right-click on the quick view in the3D results quick views
folder in the Results pane, and then click Visualize or Visualize with wells .
Select results data for an ECLIPSE case

Simplify the selection of the result data that is output when an ECLIPSE simulation case is run using identifier and
property selections.
The time-based results that you select here will appear in the Dynamic results data folder on the Results pane.
Note: You can also use the property selection procedures described here to select the output properties on the
Initial 3D grid properties, Recurrent 3D grid properties and PRT 3D grid properties tabs.
To select summary vectors:
1. Open the Define simulation case dialog box and create a new ECLIPSE case or choose an existing case to
edit.
2. Click the Results tab.
To create a list of summary vectors, select the Identifiers and Properties and then generate Selections.
3. (Optional) Click to generate a number of default selections for your simulation case, then use steps below
to modify the selections.
4. In the Identifier pane on the Summary Vectors tab, select the required identifiers. Click to select all
identifiers or click to clear all selections.
Note: When you select identifiers, incompatible property options disabled in the Properties pane.
5. In the Properties pane, select the required properties.
You can categorize properties to make selection easier. To do this, click the Properties drop-down button,
click Categorize, and then click the required category.
Tip: Use the search box to locate the required properties. For example, type OPC to locate all properties
containing 'opc', such as oil production cumulative.
6. Click to populate the Selections pane with the chosen identifier and properties.
The time-based results that you select here appear in the Dynamic results data folder in the Results pane
when the simulation case is run.
Note: Selections can also be categorized. To do this, click the Selections drop-down button, point to
Categorize and select the required category.

7. Click Apply to save your selections.
Supported identifiers
The following identifiers are supported for ECLIPSE 100: All groups (*), All wells (*), All regions (*), All aquifers (*),
All devices (*), All perforations (*), All aquifer lists (*), All completions (*), All inter-flow regions (*), All lumped
completions (*), All lgr names (*), Field.
The following identifiers are supported for ECLIPSE 300: All groups (*), All wells (*), All regions (*), All aquifers (*),
All devices (*), All heaters (*), All perforations (*), All completions (*), All conductive faults (*). All inter- flow
regions (*), All lumped completions (*), All lgr names (*), All separators (*), Field.
The following identifiers are supported for FrontSim: All groups (*), All wells (*), All regions (*), All aquifers (*), All
completions (*), All inter-flow regions (*), Field.
Select simulation results using presets

You can use the presets option to select default simulation results for enhanced oil recovery models such as brine,
polymer, surfactant, foam.
To select simulation results using presets:
1. Open the Define simulation case dialog box and create a new case or choose an existing case to edit.

2. Click the Results tab.
3. Click Presets, and then click the preset results selection that you want to use.
The keywords associated with the selected preset are added to the default selections on the Results tabs.
To reset your selections back to the default preset selections, click Reset to default presets .
4. Click Apply to save your selections.

Initialization using initial condition sets
Initialization of a model in Petrel forms the bridge between geological modeling and simulation; initializing a
geological model with initial pressures and saturation and assuming that the fluids are in a hydrostatic equilibrium is
the basis of a reservoir simulation workflow.
An initial condition set represents the initialization of a fluid within the model, and is linked to the grid for the model.
The set contains information about the equilibrium regions of the grid derived by using a discrete region property or
fluid contacts of the grid, or by manual input of equilibrium information in the Initial conditions process or
Initialize from maps process. The initial condition set also stores information about which fluid model each
equilibrium region is mapped to.
There are two ways to generate an initial condition set for a grid, by using the Initial conditions process or the
Initialize from maps process.
• The Initial conditions process is used to create an initial condition set for a reservoir which is in hydrostatic
equilibrium, by either manual input of equilibration data (for a single region), or by supplying a discrete region
index property or contact sets (for multiple regions) and entering the necessary data. Each equilibration region is
mapped to a valid fluid model.

• The Initialize from maps process is used in cases where the reservoir is believed to be in dynamic steady-state
situation with spatially varying FWL and GOC, due to a regional hydrodynamic gradient.
This process uses the spatially varying contacts and compositions (Rs/Pb and/or Rv/Pd) as inputs and discretizes
it into thousands of regions and also associates the correct fluid model to each equilibration region, with the aid
of a discrete PVT region index property.
Using the Initial conditions and Initialize from maps processes ensure the accuracy of the defined equilibration
regions at an early stage of input data preparation for building a simulation case. For example, you cannot create an
equilibration region with a live oil fluid model that has its gas-oil contact defined at the bottom of the reservoir,
which translates into a gas only system.
The initial condition set is simulator specific. For example, a black oil fluid model with API tracking is supported by
ECLIPSE 100 and INTERSECT, but not ECLIPSE 300. INTERSECT also has the concept of 'data type', which allows you
to specify whether the gas-oil contact and composition data, or pressure at reference depth and composition data, or
all three are to be honored during the equilibration process.
The initial condition set is inserted into the Grid section of the Define simulation case dialog box, where it is
validated against the selected grid and simulator. Since the initial condition set has the information related to both
equilibration as well as fluid model, you must delete the default Black oil properties template from the Functions tab
to validate the case, and then run it. When using INTERSECT, the initial condition set is valid only when used with a
Field Management strategy.
Note: The processes to create an initial condition set currently supports black oil cases, including black oil cases in
ECLIPSE 300 mode. The initial condition set is not supported in the Workflow editor or Uncertainty &
optimization process.

Initial conditions
The Initial conditions process is used to create an initial condition set for a reservoir that is in hydrostatic
equilibrium, by either manual input of equilibration data (for a single region), or by supplying a discrete region index
property or contact sets (for multiple regions) and entering the necessary data. Each equilibration region is mapped to
a valid fluid model.
This process allows you to carry out your initialization in the context of the grid. The process provides validation
against the grid, fluid model and simulator, to create a valid initial condition set for simulation.
Once a 3D model is built and fluid models defined, you can use this process to create the equilibration regions and
initial condition sets, which are then used in the Define simulation case dialog box.
To open the Initial conditions dialog box, on the Reservoir Engineering tab, in the Initialization group, click
Initial conditions .
You can:
• Define a single equilibration region for the entire reservoir, consisting of a single fluid model.
• Use a region index property to define multiple equilibration regions.

• Use a contact set and populate data from the contact set to create an initial condition set.
Create an initial condition set for a single region

An initial condition set can be created for a grid with just one equilibration region.
You will require:
• 3D grid
• Black oil fluid model(s)
To create an initial condition set for a single region:
1. On the Reservoir Engineering tab, in the Initialization group, click Initial conditions .
2. Click Create new and enter a name for the new initial condition set.
3. Choose the Target simulators. By default, all simulators are selected.
4. Select a black oil model in the Fluids folder in the Input pane and insert into the Fluid box in the Initial
conditions dialog box.
Appropriate fluid phase behavior is detected based on the fluid model that is selected. A black fluid model will
fall under one of the following phase behavior types:
• Water (water phase only - Not supported by INTERSECT)
• Dead oil (oil phase and/or water)
• Dry gas (gas phase and/or water)
• Live oil (oil phase with solution gas, gas phase and/or water - Not supported by INTERSECT)
• Wet gas (oil phase, gas phase with vaporized oil and/or water)
• Volatile oil (oil phase with solution gas, gas phase with vaporized oil and/or water)
• Gas condensate (oil phase with solution gas, gas phase with vaporized oil and/or water).
Select Volatile oil if the fluid is bubble point or Gas condensate if the fluid is dew point.
Note: for INTERSECT, the fluid models must have a water phase defined, or you will get errors on export.
5. If the fluid is saturated or super-saturated (Psat > Pres), select GOC.
Note: if GOC is not selected, and Psat > Pres anywhere in the reservoir, then the exact behavior will be dependent
on the simulator.

6. If you select INTERSECT only, choose the Equilibrium input.
• Adjust Composition: This will respect the datum depth and pressure and gas oil contact depth that you
enter, but will reduce the Rs and Rv values to ensure that Psat <= Pres.
• Adjust GOC: The depth of the gas oil contact is calculated to be the depth at which Psat = Pres where Psat is
derived from the tabulated Rs or Pbub versus depth and/or Rv or Pdew versus depth and the PVT data.
• Adjust Datum Pressure: The datum depth is ignored/not required and the reservoir pressure is calculated
by assuming Pres=Pbub at the gas oil contact.
7. Define values for the parameters outlined with a red border in the Initial conditions dialog box.
8. To specify the solution gas-oil ratio and/or bubble point pressure using a composition versus depth table
(rather than a constant value), select 'Table' from the Rs/Pb type list.
a. In the Versus depth tables for region table, enter the required depths and values.
b. To insert a new row above an existing row in the table, click Insert a new row above this one and enter
the required values.
c. To add a new row at the bottom of the table, complete the last row in the table (marked with an *). Depths
and values must be in order. Any errors in the table are indicated with a red border.
d. To delete a row in the table, click Delete this row .
9. Click OK.

The initial condition set appears in an Initial conditions folder under the grid in the Models pane.
Create an initial condition set for multiple equilibrium regions (region index property)
The most common way of defining equilibration region is by using a region index property describing the equilibration
regions in the model.
You will require:
• 3D grid
• Region index property describing the regions in your model
To create an initial condition set for multiple equilibrium regions using a region index property:
1. In the Models pane, select the grid.
5. In the Models pane, select the region index property describing the regions in your model and insert into
Region index property in the Initial conditions dialog box.
The Region information table is populated with details of the regions in the selected region index property.
6. In the Region information table, select one or more regions.
a. In the Fluids folder in the Input pane, select a fluid and insert into the Fluid box in the Details table.
Appropriate fluid phase behavior is detected based on the fluid model that is selected. A black fluid model
will fall under one of the following phase behavior types:

b. If the fluid is saturated or super-saturated (Psat > Pres), select GOC.
Note: If GOC is not selected, and Psat > Pres anywhere in the reservoir, then the exact behavior will be
dependent on the simulator.
c. If you select INTERSECT only, choose the Equilibrium input.
• Adjust Composition: This will respect the datum depth and pressure and gas oil contact depth that
you enter, but will reduce the Rs and Rv values to ensure that Psat <= Pres.
• Adjust GOC: The depth of the gas oil contact is calculated to be the depth at which Psat = Pres
where Psat is derived from the tabulated Rs or Pbub versus depth and/or Rv or Pdew versus depth
and the PVT data.
• Adjust Datum Pressure: The datum depth is ignored/not required and the reservoir pressure is
calculated by assuming Pres=Pbub at the gas oil contact.

d. Complete the Details table for the selected region(s). Fields that are mandatory are displayed with a red
border.
b. To insert a new row above an existing row in the table, click Insert a new row above this one and
enter the required values.
8. Enter details for each of the other regions in the region index property.
A appears in the Valid column for each row in the Region information table when definition of the
regions is complete.
9. Click Apply or OK.
Create an initial condition set for multiple equilibrium regions (contact set)
If you already have a contact set defined for the model, which has all the fluid contacts information, you can use this
in the Initial conditions dialog box to populate the initial condition set with the information from the contact set.
After that, the fluid model can be provided to the individual regions, and other necessary details entered to create an
initial condition set.
You will require:
• 3D grid
• Contact set (created using a region property) on the selected grid

To create an initial condition set for multiple equilibrium regions using a contact set:
5. In Fluid contacts folder in the Models pane, select the contact set (defined using a region property) and
insert into Contact set in the Initial conditions dialog box.
6. Click Populate from contact set.
The Region information table is populated with details of the regions in the selected contact set. The
process also creates a region index property corresponding to the regions defined in the contact set (via zones,
segments or region index property). This appears in the Region index property box in the Initial conditions
dialog box.
7. In the Region information table, select one or more regions.
a. In the Fluids folder in the Input pane, select a fluid and insert into the Fluid box in the Details
table.
Appropriate fluid phase behavior is detected based on the fluid model that is selected. A black fluid model

will fall under one of the following phase behavior types:
b. If the fluid is saturated or super-saturated (Psat > Pres), select GOC.
Note: If GOC is not selected, and Psat > Pres anywhere in the reservoir, then the exact behavior will be
dependent on the simulator.
c. If you select INTERSECT only, choose the Equilibrium input.
• Adjust Composition: This will respect the datum depth and pressure and gas oil contact depth that
you enter, but will reduce the Rs and Rv values to ensure that Psat <= Pres.
• Adjust GOC: The depth of the gas oil contact is calculated to be the depth at which Psat = Pres
where Psat is derived from the tabulated Rs or Pbub versus depth and/or Rv or Pdew versus depth
and the PVT data.
• Adjust Datum Pressure: The datum depth is ignored/not required and the reservoir pressure is
calculated by assuming Pres=Pbub at the gas oil contact.
d. Complete the Details table for the selected region(s). Fields that are mandatory are displayed with a red
border.

b. To insert a new row above an existing row in the table, click Insert a new row above this one and
enter the required values.
9. Enter details for each of the other regions in the contact set.
A appears in the Valid column for each row in the Region information table when definition of the
regions is complete.
10. Click Apply or OK.
Initialize from maps

Use the Initialize from maps process to create a new initial condition set for a reservoir with areal variation in

the depth of the oil-water and gas-oil contacts.
The Initialize from maps process is used where the reservoir is believed to be in dynamic steady-state situation with
spatially varying FWL and GOC, due to a regional hydrodynamic gradient.
This process uses the spatially varying contacts and compositions (Rs/Pb and/or Rv/Pd) as inputs and discretizes it into
thousands of regions and also associates the correct fluid model to each equilibration region, with the aid of a discrete
PVT region index property.
The Initialize from maps process groups the cells in a reservoir into regions requiring similar initial conditions based
on the discretization, which is the tolerance limit on the range of provided spatially varying inputs and generates
appropriate equilibrium models for those cells. The net result is that the reservoir is approximated by multiple
equilibration regions mapped to appropriate fluid models.
This process only supports contact sets with one areally-varying map per contact. You must have a contact set with
appropriate contacts for the current grid:
• Areally-varying water contact
• Areally-varying gas-oil contact
• Contact datum depth
• Constant datum pressure
• Pcow and Pcog are optional (default to 0)
If the contact set does not have areally-varying maps, and has contact values only, then use the Initial conditions
process to create the initial conditions set for the selected fluid type.
The number of regions used to approximate the initial conditions of the reservoir, and hence the level of detail
captured, is controlled by discretization of the oil-water and gas-oil contacts into different equilibration regions
based on specified depth values. For example, if you specify a value of 1 m for the gas-oil contact discretization, all
cells in any one equilibration region will have gas-oil contact depth values within 1 m of each other.

Note:
• The Initialize from maps process does not support contact sets with areally varying contacts per zone or
region.
• Grids with LGRs are supported:
• Structured LGRs, having values (PVT) different from the parent grid, will be honored.
• Unstructured LGRs will inherit the values from the parent grid
• For regions having water contact above the gas contact, the gas contact will be set to the same value as the
water contact
Single fluid or multi-fluid models are supported.
Single fluid model
Use this option when there is only one fluid model associated with the entire reservoir model. The fluid
model is validated against the selected simulator and phase behavior. Appropriate fluid phase behavior
is detected based on the fluid model that is selected. If the fluid is volatile oil or a gas condensate, select the
correct phase behavior.
Multi-fluid model

Use this option when the reservoir model has more than one fluid model associated with it, usually defined by
a PVT region index property (discrete).
Create an initial condition set for a single fluid model

When there is only one fluid model associated with the entire reservoir model, you can select the fluid model and the
appropriate fluid phase behavior in the Initialize from maps dialog box. The fluid model is validated against the
selected simulator and the phase behavior.
To create an initial condition set for a single fluid model:
2. On the Reservoir Engineering tab, in the Initialization group, click Initialize from maps .
5. From the Contact set list, select the contact set that you want to use.
The contact set should have one areally-varying map per contact, and have the appropriate contacts for the
current grid.

6. Click Single fluid and select the fluid model from the Fluid list.
Appropriate fluid phase behavior is detected based on the fluid model that is selected.
A black fluid model will fall under one of the following phase behavior types:

7. Enter the depth values that you want to use to discretize the gas-oil contact (GOC discretization) and water
contact (Water discretization). Discretization defines the level of tolerance, which is the interval of values that
will be grouped together into a single equilibration region.
For example, if you enter a value of 1 m into each box, all the cells in any one equilibration region will have
gas-oil contact and oil-water contact depth values within 1 m of each other.
8. To use a map providing spatially-varying bubble point pressure across the model, click Use pressure (Pb/Pd)
maps.
a. From the Bubble point pressure list, select the structured or regular surface map that specifies the oil
bubble point pressure. This is used to determine the fraction of dissolved gas in the oil phase in conjunction
with the associated fluid model. Alternatively, use a solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) map.
b. In the Bubble point discretization box, enter the required interval.
Values in the associated bubble point pressure map are discretized into groups based on their values. Each
group specifies a different equilibration region. For example, if a value of 1 bar is entered, all the cells in any
one equilibration region will have solution gas-oil ratio values within 1 bar of each other.
9. To use a map providing spatially-varying solution gas-oil ratio across the model, click Use ratio (Rs/Rv)
maps.
a. From the Solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) list, select the structured or regular surface map that specifies the
solution gas-oil ratio. This is used to determine the fraction of dissolved gas in the oil phase in conjunction
with the associated fluid model. Alternatively, use a bubble point pressure map.
b. In the Rs discretization box, enter the required interval.
Values in the associated solution gas-oil ratio map are discretized into groups based on their values. Each
group specifies a different equilibration region. For example, if a value of 1 unit is entered, all the cells in
any one equilibration region will have solution gas-oil ratio values within 1 unit of each other.

10. Click Apply.
The information panel at the bottom of the Initialize from maps dialog box summarizes the number of
regions created, and also lists any warnings.
A region property is created and appears in an Initial conditions equilibration region properties folder in
the Properties folder for the selected grid.
Allocate numbers to the fluids in a project

Identify fluids in your project using numbers. Fluid numbers are used to match fluids to the numbers in the
Initialize from maps dialog box when your reservoir model has more than one fluid model associated with it,
usually defined by a PVT region index property (discrete).
To allocate numbers to fluids in a project:
1. In the Input pane, right-click the Fluids folder, and then click Fluid numbering .
The Fluid numbering dialog box appears. All fluid models in the project are listed in the dialog box. The Fluid
type column indicates the fluid type.
2. In the Fluid number column, enter a number for each fluid.

If you duplicate an existing number, both cells are colored yellow. Fluid numbers do not need to be unique
within a project; fluids with the same number are mapped to the same indexed PVT region.
3. Click OK.
Create an initial condition set for a multi-fluid model

When the reservoir model has more than one fluid model associated with it, usually defined by a PVT region index
property (discrete), used the multi-fluid option in the Initialize from maps dialog box.
To create an initial condition set for a multi-fluid model:
2. On the Reservoir Engineering tab, in the Initialization group, click Initialize from maps .

5. From the Contact set list, select the contact set that you want to use.
The contact set should have one areally-varying map per contact, and have the appropriate contacts for the
current grid.
6. Click Multi- fluid.
7. From the Pvt region index property list, select the appropriate discrete 3D property that distinguishes
different PVT regions in the reservoir model.
The fluid association table is populated with fluid numbers (the code linked to each region) and fluids.
8. From the Phase behavior list, select the phase behavior against which all the associated fluid models will be
validated. A reservoir model should have all the associated fluid models belonging to one single-phase
behavior, for simulation.
9. Associate the correct fluid model with each PVT region. All the selected fluid models will be validated against
the selected phase behavior.

10. Enter the depth values that you want to use to discretize the gas-oil contact (GOC discretization) and water
contact (Water discretization).
For example, if you enter a value of 1 m into each box, all the cells in any one equilibration region will have
gas-oil contact and oil-water contact depth values within 1 m of each other.
11. To use a map providing spatially-varying bubble point pressure across the model, click Use pressure (Pb/Pd)
maps.
a. From the Bubble point pressure list, select the structured or regular surface map that specifies the oil
bubble point pressure. This is used to determine the fraction of dissolved gas in the oil phase in conjunction
with the associated fluid model. Alternatively, use a solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) map.
b. In the Bubble point discretization box, enter the required interval.
Values in the associated bubble point pressure map are discretized into groups based on their values. Each
group specifies a different equilibration region. For example, if a value of 1 bar is entered, all the cells in any
one equilibration region will have solution gas-oil ratio values within 1 bar of each other.

12. To use a map providing spatially-varying solution gas-oil ratio across the model, click Use ratio (Rs/Rv)
maps.
a. From the Solution gas-oil ratio (Rs) list, select the structured or regular surface map that specifies the
solution gas-oil ratio. This is used to determine the fraction of dissolved gas in the oil phase in conjunction
with the associated fluid model. Alternatively, use a bubble point pressure map.
b. In the Rs discretization box, enter the required interval.
Values in the associated solution gas-oil ratio map are discretized into groups based on their values. Each
group specifies a different equilibration region. For example, if a value of 1 unit is entered, all the cells in
any one equilibration region will have solution gas-oil ratio values within 1 unit of each other.
13. Click OK.
The information panel at the bottom of the Initialize from maps dialog box summarizes the number of
regions created, and also lists any warnings.
A region property is created and appears in an Initial conditions equilibration region properties folder in
the Properties folder for the selected grid.

Visualize an initial condition equilibrium region property
After running the Initialize from maps process and generating an initial condition set, it is important to visualize the
equilibration regions associated with the initial condition set, to ensure that accurate discretization (tolerance on the
map interval) is used, and equilibration regions are following the same trend as the fluid contact maps and the PVT
region property.
To visualize an initial condition set:
1. Open a 3D window.
2. In the Models pane, expand the Properties folder under the grid.
3. In the Initial conditions equilibration region properties folder, select the initial condition set that you
want to view.

Add an initial condition set to a simulation case
Once an initial condition set is created, it is ready to be used in simulation. Since the initial condition set is a property
of the grid, it is used on the Grid tab of the Define simulation case dialog box and is validated against the
selected simulator.
The initial condition set has validated information about the equilibration regions, the PVT regions and the associated
fluid models. Therefore, when you use an initial condition set in simulation, there is no need to provide separately the
equilibrium and PVT region properties or a fluid model on the Functions tab.
Note: For INTERSECT, initial condition sets can only be used with Field Management strategies. If you want to use a
development strategy, define the initial conditions using the Fluid model process. FrontSim and dual porosity do not
support initial condition sets; you must define the initial conditions for these cases using the Fluid model process.
To add an initial condition set to a simulation case:
1. On the Simulation tab, in the Simulation group, click Define case .
2. In the Define simulation case dialog box, click Create new and enter a name for the case.
3. Choose the Simulator and the Grid.
4. Click the Grid tab.

5. Click Append item in the table to add a new row to the grid inputs table.
6. In the Models pane, under the selected grid, expand the Initial conditions folder and select the initial
condition set that you want to use.
7. Insert the initial condition set into the empty row in the grid inputs table.
8. Click the Functions tab and delete the PVT function (if one is displayed) from the selected functions list.
A simulation case cannot have a PVT function and an initial condition set.
9. Complete the definition of the simulation case.
a. On the Strategies tab, insert a development or field management strategy.
You must use a field management strategy if your initial condition set targets the INTERSECT simulator.
b. On the Results tab, choose the report properties and outputs that will be produced from the simulation
when the case is run.
10. Click Apply.
11. Run the simulation case.

Reservoir Engineering: Well Engineering
2015.5
Changes to perforation and tubing validation in the presence
of plugbacks
In earlier versions of Petrel, perforations or tubing that overlapped an earlier plugback were made invalid. This
behavior did not allow for scenarios where the plugback could be drilled out and the well re-completed. In Petrel
2015.5, we have relaxed this validation to allow a well to be perforated and re-tubed after it has been plugged to
emulate the plug being drilled out. Well connections will be exported as though the plug has been re-drilled and the
well re-perforated.
Note that in Petrel 2015.5, the completion visualization in the Well section window does not reflect the plug being
drilled, and any later perforation or tubing operation will be visually masked by the plugback. This will be addressed

in a later version of Petrel.
2015.4
Changes to how Petrel manages PI multiplier well tests
In order to reduce ambiguity between simulators and ensure multipliers are applied correctly in all situations Petrel
now accumulates the effect of PI Multipliers internally rather than relying on the simulators to do this for you. As a
result, we now write the COMPDAT keyword ‘unscaled by previous pi multipliers’ every time the WPIMULT keyword
is exported, and accumulate any previous multipliers onto the WPIMULT keyword value. Re-perforating an existing
perforation has the effect of removing any previously existing PI Multipliers.
2015.1
Assign a different start date to an open-hole side track
(lateral) well
If a side track (lateral) well is completed open-hole (so has no completions), by default it is assumed to start
flowing at the same first flow date as its parent.
The date at which a well can first flow is determined from the wells' completions. This date can be modified using
a perforation in the open-hole lateral and assigning the desired flow date to it. The perforation can exist anywhere
in the lateral and will have no other effect on the flow within the lateral.

The perforation can either be added manually, setting its 'start date' in the corresponding dialog box, or can be
added using the 'Create simple completions' operation available in the Well completions design dialog box. In
this case, insert your lateral well(s) into the Operation panel, set the date at which the lateral(s) should first flow
and select only to Create perforations over the Whole reservoir. This will generate perforations at the given
start date over the interval of the lateral well(s) within the active grid. Note that the presence of the perforation is
sufficient to define the first production date of the lateral - casing is no longer required to define this date.
You can check the flow dates are as expected by showing the motherbore and lateral well(s) in the Well section
window and displaying the 'flowing paths'. To do this, click Flow path on the Completions design Tool
Palette. You can then animate the flowing path over time using the Time player.
Use a similar approach for history wells with open-hole side track laterals in a history match workflow. When
importing historical event data, define a perforation for the open-hole side track in the event file with its date set to
the date at which the lateral first produced. No tubing completions (casing, and so on) are required to define the
open-hole lateral well production date.
Display completion and simulation data in a Well section

window

Petrel fully supports all workflows involving display and editing of reservoir engineering data in vertical and deviated
tracks and in the background area in a transparent manner.
Well section templates contain all the information about the layout of tracks in each well in the Well section window
and the binding of data in the tracks and in the background (area between wells). Well section templates also contain
information about the layout of deviated tracks and their data binding. Deviated tracks follow the well trajectory in
the cross-section plane.
One advantage of a template is that once it is set up, it applies by default to any new well added to the Well section
window. You do not need to spend time setting up each well individually. In addition, templates can be exchanged
between projects (using the Reference project tool) enabling shared workflows between asset teams.
When you interact with the Well section window, the underlying template is modified. The Well section window then
updates the display to be in step with the template. All of the template editing operations can be accessed on the
Well section template tab in the Settings for 'well section template' dialog box. Some simple operations also
have shortcuts on the Petrel tree.
Display well completion data in vertical and deviated tracks

The Well section window can display global and local (well) completion data in vertical and deviated tracks.
Vertical tracks
To display completions in a Well section window, select the check box next to the completion item in the Input pane.
The behavior is slightly different, depending on whether the global or local (well) item was selected.
Global completions in a vertical track
Selecting a global completion item (for example, Perforation) is equivalent to adding the corresponding node to the
template. The selected item is displayed in all currently visible wells in the Well section window. Any existing
perforations are displayed automatically in any new wells that are added. This makes it easy to add new wells to the
display without needing to set them up individually. Clearing the check box next to the global item removes the node
from the template and clears the display of the completion item from all current and future wells.

Figure 54: Adding perforation to the template by selecting the Global Perforation item. This displays all the perforations in
all visible wells. Note that in the Well section template, a node is automatically added under Vertical tracks.

Local (well) completions in a vertical track
Selecting a local (well) completion also adds the node to the template if it is not already present, but the
completion will only be displayed in the current well. Clearing the check box for the local completion hides that
completion, but has no effect on other completions or the template. This is a way of quickly customizing the
display for a specific well.

Figure 55: Selecting or clearing a local (well) completion will only show or hide that completion in the specific well.
Note that in the Well section template, a node is automatically added under Vertical tracks
if it does not exist already, but only the selected is visible

Deviated tracks
Display of completion data in deviated tracks is not connected to the check boxes in the Input pane. To display
completion data in a deviated track, you must either use Template editor, or the shortcut menu options provided in
the Input pane. Shortcut menus are also available on local (well) completions and on folders of completions.
Global completions in deviated track

The shortcut menu may be used to add global completions to the deviated track of the Well section template and
simultaneously update the display to show all the global items of the selected type in all of the visible deviated
tracks. Note that the check box next to the global item in the Input pane is not selected - this controls the state of
the vertical tracks.

Figure 56: Using the shortcut menu to add global data to the deviated track. This displays all the Casings in all visible
deviated wells. Note that in the Well section template, a node is automatically added under Deviated tracks.

Local (well) completions in deviated track
The shortcut menu provides options to add local (well) data to a deviated track. For example, adding a Perforation
to a deviated track also adds a Perforation template node to the Well section template under Deviated tracks
if one does not already exist. Note that none of the check boxes in the Input pane are selected. These control the
state of the vertical tracks.
Figure 57: Using the shortcut menu to add local (well) data to the deviated track. This displays all the selected Perforation
only. A node will be added to the template under Deviated tracks if it does not exist already.

Add completions to a Well section window
You can display well completions in a vertical or deviated completions track in a Well section window. The
completions track is specific to completions, flowpath and well segmentation displays and no other data can be
added to this track.
To display completions in a vertical or deviated completions track:
1. Open a Well section window.
2. In the Input pane, expand the Global completions folder.
3. Perform one of the following actions:
a. Select the check box next to the completion that you want to add to a vertical track in the Well section
window.
Note the check boxes operate on the vertical tracks only.
b. Right-click the completion you want to add to the Well section window, click Add to global template
and then click Vertical or Deviated .
The completion is added to the current Well section template, and will be displayed in all of the visible
wells that have a completion of this type, if its start date is no later than the current Time player date.

Show or hide specific completions from a well
Individual completions can also be shown or hidden in a specific well.
To show or hide a completion from a well:
1. Open or activate a Well section window.
2. In the Input pane, expand the Wells folder, and then expand the well from which you want to show or hide
the completion.
a. Select the check box next to the completion that you want to show or hide in a vertical track in the Well
section window.
b. Right-click the completion you want to add to the Well section window, click Show in completion track,
and then click Vertical or Deviated .
Note: If the specified well has no completion track, it is created and added as needed. If the Well section
template has no completion node of this type, one is created as needed.
Display simulation results data in vertical and deviated tracks

The Well section window can display simulation results (3D grid properties and simulation logs) in vertical and
deviated tracks. In addition, 3D grid results can be displayed in the background area, between wells.
Vertical tracks
Display in vertical tracks is controlled by the check boxes in the Input pane. Select the simulation case and the
property to display in the Well section window. For simulation logs, the property is selected from the Simulation
Logs folder, under Global well logs in the Wells folder in the Input pane. For 3D grid results, the property is
selected from the Simulation grid results folder in the Results pane.
After selection of simulation case and property, the Well section template is updated and the corresponding
data are displayed in all visible wells. Any wells subsequently added to the well section will also use the Well
section template. There is no need to spend time setting up each well individually.

Figure 58: Displaying simulation logs from a case in vertical tracks using the check boxes in the Input pane
Deviated tracks
Display in deviated tracks is not connected to the check boxes in the Input pane. To display simulation results
data in a deviated track, you must either use Template editor, or the shortcut menu options provided in the

Input pane.
3D grid results can be added to deviated tracks in a similar manner. Note that none of the check boxes are
selected, since these control the state in the vertical tracks only.
Figure 59: Displaying results from two different cases using the check boxes. Note each case creates a separate template
node, referencing that case. Results from each case appear in separate tracks for each well.

Results from multiple simulation cases
To display results from two or more cases, select the required cases in the Cases pane. Results from each case
appear in separate tracks for each well.
Figure 60: Displaying RFT simulation data in a deviated track using the shortcut menu

Add simulation logs to a track in a Well section window
You can display simulation logs in a vertical or deviated completions track in a Well section window.
To display simulation logs in a vertical or deviated completions track:
1. Open a Well section window.
2. In the Input pane, expand the Simulation logs folder in the Global well logs folder.
a. Select the check box next to the property that you want to add to a vertical track in the Well section
window (for example Pressure in the RFT folder) and the simulation case from the Cases pane.
b. Right-click the property you want to add to the Well section window, click Add to global template,
click Vertical , and then click In new track or click Add to global template, click Deviated ,
and then click In new track .
You can also add a simulation log to an existing track. In both cases, the Select case dialog box appears
prompting you to select a simulation case.
The simulation log is added to the current Well section template, and will be displayed in all of the visible
wells that have a simulation result of this type. If necessary, the Time player date will be set to the first
timestep of the displayed data to make sure they are visible.
If you make changes to the display style and settings for data in the Well section window template, these
styles and settings are applied automatically if you re-display the same case-log combination. Any customized
styles and settings in a Well section window template are also applied automatically if you re-run the
simulation case.

Use the template editor to add simulation logs to a track in a Well section window
You can also use the template editor to add simulation logs to a vertical or deviated track in a Well section
window.
To add simulation logs to a track with the template editor:
1. Click Template settings on the Well section window tool palette.
The Settings dialog box appears.
2. Right-click Vertical tracks or Deviated tracks and click Track .
3. Right-click the Track node, and then click Simulation log.
4. In the Objects settings pane, click the Definition tab.
5. From the Templates list, select the template for the property, for example Water saturation.
6. Select the required property from the list of properties; clear the check box next to any properties that you do
not want to add.
a. From the Cases list, select the simulation case of the property you want to use.
b. From the Time step list, select the required timestep.
7. Click OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

Add 3D simulation results to a track in a Well section window
You can display 3D simulation results in a vertical or deviated track, or in the background between boreholes.
To display a 3D simulation result in a vertical or deviated completion track:
1. Open or activate a Well section window.
2. In the Results pane, select the result you want to display.
a. Select the check box next to the 3D grid result you want to add to a vertical track in the Well section
window and the check box next to the corresponding case in the Cases pane.
b. Right-click the result you want, click Add to global template, click Vertical , and then click In new
track or click Add to global template, click Deviated , and then click In new track .
You can also add the result to an existing track. In both cases the Select case dialog box appears prompting
you to select a simulation case.
Note: If the specified well has no completion track, it is created and added as needed. If the Well section
template has no completion node of this type, one is created as needed.
If you make changes to the display style and settings for data in the Well section window template,
these styles and settings are applied automatically if you re-display the same case-log combination. Any
customized styles and settings in a Well section window template are also applied automatically if you
re-run the simulation case.

Add 3D simulation results to the background area in a Well section window
You can display 3D simulation results in the background area between boreholes in a Well section window.
To display 3D simulation results in the background between boreholes:
1. Right-click Background, and then click Simulation grid results (Background).
2. In the Objects settings pane, click the Definition tab.
3. From the Templates list, select the template for the property, for example Water saturation.
4. Select the required property from the list of properties; clear the check box next to any properties that you do
not want to add.
a. From the Cases list, select the simulation case of the property you want to use.
b. From the Time step list, select the required time step.
5. Click the Style tab.
a. Select a Transparency option for the background property.
b. Select the Show check box in the Grid lines section to display the grid lines, and then select a Color and
a Width.
6. Click OK to apply the changes and close the dialog box.

Figure 61: Water saturation grid result shown in the background with a deviated track in the foreground
Model hydraulic fractures using logarithmic local grid

refinements
Local grid refinements specific to fractures can be built using the Make local grids dialog box. When the 'Grid to
hydraulic fractures' option is enabled, the resulting local grid refinements are logarithmic in size perpendicular to the
fracture plane. A row of narrow cells in the center of the local grid refinement represents the actual fracture plane.

Add hydraulic fractures and perforations to a well
Use Well completion design or the Completions design tool palette to create perforations and fractures in a well.
Note: A hydraulic fracture completion must overlap a perforation (that already exists at the hydraulic fracture start
date) for the hydraulic fracture completion to be valid.
Well completion design

To open the Well completion design dialog box, on the Well Engineering tab, in the Completions group, click
Automated design . Use the Create simple completions operation to create casings, liners, perforations,
hydraulic fractures and a completion string.
Completions design tool palette

To display the Completions design tool palette, on the Well Engineering tab, in the Completions group, click
Manual design . Tools are enabled or disabled, based on the current completions that exist in the well. Most
completion items require a start date to be specified when you add them to the well. The tools that you use to create
perforations and hydraulic fractures in a well visualized in a Well section window are:

• Perforation
Insert or edit a perforation. If the project's Z unit is set to Metric, new perforation intervals are created with a
default length of 50 m.
• Hydraulic fracture
Insert or edit a hydraulic fracture. Hydraulic fractures must intercept a valid open interval (perforation or open
hole) defined at earlier time.
Fractures behave differently when placed in vertical and horizontal sections of a well. A well is deemed to be vertical
if, at the fracture center measured depth, its inclination is less than that specified by the Cut off angle on the
Properties tab in the Settings for 'Global completions' dialog box.
• If vertical, all connected grid cells overlapped by the vertical extent of the fracture plane will be affected by
the fracture plane.
• If horizontal, only the grid cell intersected by the fracture plane will be affected.
Note: All cells affected by the fracture plane will use a linear transmissibility calculation rather than the standard
Peaceman approach when calculating their respective connection factors.
Build logarithmic local grid refinements to represent fractures

To build logarithmic local grid refinements that represent the hydraulic fracture plane, select the grid in the Models
pane and open the Make local grids dialog box. Insert wells of interest into the Source box at the bottom of
the Make local grids dialog box; if any of the wells contain non-correlation hydraulic fracture completions, the Grid to
hydraulic fractures check box is selected by default. The N Perp and N Parall values can be used to set the
number of cells in the refinement perpendicular and parallel to the fracture. The center most row of cells is used to
model the actual fracture. The width of these cells is taken from the value in the Width box (in project units). The
number of divisions in the Z direction is taken from the value in the Nz box.

Control where refinements are made
The Make local grids process will, by default, generate refinements along the well path as well as around the
fractures. To make the process build only refinements around the fractures, consider setting the Source influence
distance to '0'. This will ensure that additional Cartesian refinements along the well path are suppressed.
Plane selection (I or J)
The local refinement refines existing global cells. The fracture plane must be aligned to the cell plane (in I or J) that
most closely represents it. This is done by 'rotating' the fracture plane onto the chosen cell plane about the point
where the well intersects the fracture plane.
Figure 62. In this case the fracture is most closely oriented to the I plane so is rotated onto it. Cells overlapped by the
rotated plane are then refined to represent the fracture.

It is possible for the rotated plane to extend outside of the grid. In this case cells within the grid will be refined, and a
warning is given on export.
Note: In earlier versions of Petrel, the plane was 'projected' onto the closest grid plane rather than 'rotated'. When
upgrading projects to Petrel 2015, better results may be obtained by re-running the Make local grids process.

Translate connected cells to the central row of refined cells
The central row of local grid refinement cells represent the fracture; connections intersected by the fracture plane are
translated to the central row of cells.
Figure 63. A logarithmic refinement modeling the presence of a hydraulic fracture

Useful information
The hydraulic refinements are built using properties set on the hydraulic fracture subject. Currently if you change a
hydraulic fracture property (for example length or height) you must manually re-run the Make local grids process to
re-generate the local grids. There is currently no automatic way to ensure that changes to the fracture subject
properties propagate through to the local grids.
Potential issues with ECLIPSE 100

ECLIPSE 100 only allows connections to refined or global cells. If perforations extend beyond the extent of the
refinement, Petrel generates connections to both refined and global cells which, if exporting to ECLIPSE 100, will
result in errors on export. Consider reducing the extent of the perforation or using a simulator that does support
connections to both refined and global cells such as ECLIPSE 300.
Check the created local grid refinements

The Make local grids process allows you to display the host cells that will be refined. To do this, click Display host
cells.

Figure 64. 'Display host cells' shows the global cells that will be refined after the fracture plane is rotated onto the
nearest I or J grid plane
Once refinements have been built, they can be visualized in a 3D window or Well section window. To display

refinements in the 3D window select the 'Local grid set' from the Models pane. Properties are generated for the
refined cells from their global cell values.
To display refined cells in a Well section window, select the well and a grid property. Then open the Settings
dialog box for the well section template, select the property from the list of Template objects and enable the required
local grid set.
Calculation of fracture properties

Petrel models fractures by modifying three important model properties: connected cell transmissibilities, pore volume
multipliers and cell based transmissibility multipliers.
Connected cell transmissibilities

The connection transmissibility factor (cf) of cells overlapped by the fracture plane are calculated using a linear
transmissibility calculation rather than the standard Peaceman approach.
Pore volume multipliers

Petrel calculates the ratio of the fracture width to the fracture cell width (central row of cells in the fracture
refinement), and uses this to scale the pore volume of these cells to better represent the actual width of the fracture.
This scaling is applied using the MULTPV keyword written to the GRID section of the simulation dataset. This
approach applies the pore volume multiplier at the start of the simulation, potentially before the fracture is introduced
to the dataset, but produces a more robust simulation model.
Cell based transmissibility multipliers

Multipliers parallel to the fracture cells are calculated from the ratio of fracture width to cell width multiplied by the
ratio of fracture permeability to cell permeability. Multipliers perpendicular to the fracture cells are set to 1.0. So if
the fracture cells are parallel to the J axis, cell faces in the X direction have a multiplier of 1.0 while those in the Y and
Z directions have multipliers calculated using the equations:

MULTy = Fw / Dx * Kf / Ki MULTz = Fw / Dx * Kf / Kz
Where:
Fw is the fracture width
Dx is the fracture cell width in the X direction
Kf is the fracture permeability set on the hydraulic fracture completion Ki / Kz are the I and K direction cell
permeabilities
These values are written as MULTX, MULTY and MULTZ keywords (nested in appropriate REFINE and BOX keywords)
to the SCHEDULE section at the date of the fracture completion.
Export a simulation case with fractures

To export refinements that are modeling fractures, the refinements must be added to the properties table on the Grid
tab in the Define simulation case dialog box. The wells containing the hydraulic fracture completions must also be
included in the development strategy used by the simulation case.
During export, fracture cell connections and representative cells are identified, and their properties and multipliers

calculated according to the fracture and grid properties provided.
Hydraulic fractures affect the simulation dataset in three ways:
1. Check the GRID section for both CARFIN and MULTPV keywords (nested in appropriate REFINE and BOX
keywords). The MULTPV values should equate to the fracture width / fracture cell width.
2. Check the SCHEDULE section for transmissibility multipliers (MULTX, MULTY and MULTZ, nested in
appropriate REFINE and BOX keywords). These will be written to the report date at or before the date of the
fracture. Use the equations above to check the values if required.
3. Check that the connection factors (in the COMPDAT keyword) for cells connected to the fracture plane are
significantly different to those not connected to the plane.
If the well was perforated earlier, you should see COMPDAT for cells connected to the fracture repeated at the
fracture date with modified connection factor values.
Visualize the effects of a hydraulic fracture

Use Results charting and analysis, simulation logs and 3D dynamic properties to examine the presence and effect
of a hydraulic fracture.
Well connection transmissibility factor and connection KH

Visualize changes in well connection transmissibility factor and connection KH in a 3D window or Well section
window. The dynamic grid results - Well connection factor (CONFAC) and Connection Kh (CONKH) appear in the
Dynamic folder under Simulation grid results in the Results pane.
To examine Transmissibility or KH logs in a display window, select the required log from the Global Simulation logs
folder under Wells on the Input pane.

Note: Because the connected cell(s) may be moved to the center of the local grid refinement and these cells may not
be intersected by the well, viewing grid properties in the Well section window (which shows cells intersected by the
well) may not give the expected results.
Dynamic transmissibility properties

Also of interest are the (TRANX, TRANY and TRANZ) properties available from the Results pane. These will show the
changes in transmissibility caused by the introduction of hydraulic fractures.
Note: Because these properties are result properties, the 'effect' of the fracture transmissibility multipliers is reported
at the following report step.

Example
Results charting and analysis provides a useful view of the change in dynamic performance as a result of the
introduction of fractures. In the picture below fractures are introduced at 1/1/2015 (one fracture introduced in the
well's vertical section) and at 1/1/2016 (two fractures in the well's horizontal section). The curves show the increase
in cumulative gas and oil production as a result of fracturing.

Exploration Geology
Exploration Geology: General
2015.1
Petroleum system settings
The new Petroleum system settings dialog can be found under File > System > Petroleum system settings.
Specify non-project specific petroleum system settings:

• The installation path of PetroMod.
• The data that shall be copied during “Save project as”. The petroleum systems folder (.psm-folder) may become

very large with simulation results. "Saving the project as" can become very time and memory consuming. Specify
here what type of data is copied with the action.
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 3D

2015.1
Simulation case
The simulation case combines the 3D petroleum systems input model with thermal boundary conditions and
simulation settings. It can be directly simulated in Petrel or exported to PetroMod for further refinement and
simulation. The simulation - in Petrel or in PetroMod - requires the installation of PetroMod and a Simulator license.
In the Make 3D petroleum systems simulation dialog:

• Combine a 3D petroleum systems input model with the time map objects for basal heat flow and sediment water
interface temperature that were generated in the Make time maps process.
• Then define in detail the simulation settings, general simulator run settings for temperature and pressure,
optimization, sampling, the migration method, and advanced simulator settings, e.g. fault settings, reservoir
definition, rock stress and more.
• Select the properties for the calculation, choose between sets of recommendations or hand-pick from over 200
possible properties.
• Run the simulation and follow the simulation progress in the simulation log.
• Save the simulation case on the Cases pane or export it to PetroMod for further refinement.

Geotime player
Animate the results of a 3D petroleum systems simulation, such as properties with multiple time steps,
accumulations, and percolations with the Geotime player and watch the model develop through time in a 3D window.
The Geotime player displays all calculated events. You can either play through all the events or select a specific
event. It also lets you compare different properties of the same model or the results of different models.
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 3D and

1D
2015.1
Time maps and Time trends

Basal heatflow, sediment water interface temperature, paleo water depth, and
source rock burial history (1D)
Create time trend and time map objects for the boundary conditions basal heat flow and sediment water interface
temperature, and for paleo water depth.
Boundary conditions define the basic energetic conditions for the temperature and burial history of the source rock
and, consequently, for the maturation of organic matter through time. They prepare the petroleum systems model for
simulation.
• The basal heat flow (HF) is the lower thermal boundary condition used in petroleum systems modeling. It is
applied at the base of the model. This is a very important parameter, as, together with the thermal conductivity,
it defines the thermal gradient.
• The sediment/water interface temperature (SWIT) is the upper thermal boundary condition used in petroleum
systems modeling. It is applied at the top of the model. It defines the surface temperature (ST) at which the
thermal gradient starts through geological time.
• Paleo water depth (PWD) is a geometrical boundary condition used in petroleum systems modeling. The maps
represent the changing geometry of the sea-level at different times through geological history.
• A source rock burial (SRB) trend (1D) can be used in Petroleum systems quick look to incorporate different
burial rates and/or uplift.
Input: Input boundary conditions in different formats: in 1D as constant values for HF, SWIT or ST, and PWD and a
percent value for the source rock burial for each geological age to define its progress through geological time; in 3D a
surface, a surface attribute, or a constant value to represent the spatial variation of the boundary condition and its
progress through geological time.
Results: The results of this process are either a trend object (1D) or a map stack (3D) with a map for each relevant
time step in the Petroleum systems folder on the Input pane. You can preview the trends and maps prior to their
use in the simulation. Apply the 1D objects directly to the model in the 1D petroleum systems simulation dialog.

In petroleum systems 3D, assign them to the simulation case (HF, SWIT) or to the petroleum system model (PWD)
respectively.
The 1D time trend objects can also be used as input in the Make generation dialog of Petroleum systems quick
look:
• Heat flow and sediment water interface temperature
• Paleo water depth as burial history
• The source rock burial trend after conversion to a function
Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems 1D

2015.1
Well log input
Well log input in Create 1D model process

If the well you assign in the Create 1D model process contains well logs, you can select the facies, TOC, and HI logs
to fill the facies and depth assignment table with the corresponding data. The drop-down lists for Assign facies
from / Assign TOC from / Assign HI from will add the logs to their offered selection. A prerequisite is that the log
has the proper templates assigned:
• For facies logs the same discrete template as used in the facies table
• For TOC the percent template
• For HI the hydrogen index template
If the well log contains several values for one period, you can choose between Min/Max/Average for all TOC/HI
values within one well log to upscale the log to the zones in the model.
Depending on your selection, the information on the Facies and depth assignment tab will be updated. If a well log
does not contain data for a certain interval, the values from the facies definition table will be used.
Simulation case
The simulation case combines the 1D petroleum systems input model with thermal boundary conditions and paleo
water depth, and simulation and output settings. It can be directly simulated in Petrel. The simulation case is saved in
the Cases pane and the results are saved in the Results pane.

In the Make 1D petroleum systems simulation dialog:
• Combine a 1D petroleum systems input model with the time trends objects (heat flow, sediment water interface
temperature, and paleo water depth) created in the Make time trends dialog.
• Then define, in detail, the simulation settings, general run settings, the migration method, and some additional
settings, like secondary organic porosity, rock stress, and secondary cracking.
• Select the output for burial history properties, depth curves or well logs, and time curves; either choose a
standard set of properties or hand-pick from over 200 possible properties. Optionally, choose the depth curves to
be written out as separate objects.
• Run the simulation and follow the simulation progress in the simulation log.
Geotime Window
Improved geotime window flexibility
In the new Layout mode, you can interactively arrange, resize, move, and align tracks in the geotime window.
In the geotime window, compare and analyze the results from a 1D petroleum systems model simulation. In addition

to time curves and burial histories, you can now display depth curves. The Layout mode is activated on the geotime
window toolbar. It allows you to freely arrange the tracks on the geotime window:
• Drag-and-drop depth curves, time curves, and burial history properties directly from the Results pane, and
petroleum system events charts and chronostratigraphic charts from the Input pane into the window.
• Snap lines offer help with the vertical and horizontal alignment of tracks.
• Drag-and-drop every open track everywhere in the geotime window, even where they overlap or leave gaps to
other tracks.
• Copy an existing track by pressing the CTRL-key when dropped.
• Re-size and move any track freely within the geotime window.
Additionally, there are some significant enhancements: You can now place as many curves of two different templates
into one time or depth track as you wish and you can synchronize and pan across multiple tracks.
Exploration Geology: Play to Prospect Risk

2015.1
Play to prospect risk processes were (re)moved (behavioral
change)
The Play chance mapping processes have moved from the Petroleum systems tab to the Decision support tab.
The Prospect assessment and Sum prospects processes have been completely removed from Petrel.

Exploration Geology: Petroleum Systems Quick
Look
2015.1
Map and time trend input in the Make generation process
You can now choose to input maps for TOC and the thermal boundary conditions heatflow and sediment water
interface temperature instead of constant values. You can also use the 1D time trend objects for heatflow and
sediment water interface temperature.
Lithology database available for PSQL processes

You can access the entire lithology database on the Templates tab when choosing lithologies for input in the Make

reservoir properties and Make seal properties processes in PSQL.
Split worksteps in Workflow editor for Make generation,

Make reservoir, and Make seal properties processes
The processes for Make generation properties, Make reservoir properties, and Make seal properties have been split
in the Workflow editor into the settings and run worksteps, because both create output. The Make generation
properties/Make reservoir properties/Make seal properties process entries create a domain object in the respective
PSQL folders in the Input pane, whereas the Generation run/Reservoir run/Seal run entries create attributes to the
assigned surfaces in the Input pane.

Exploration Geology: Lithologies in Petroleum
systems modeling and Petroleum systems quick
look
2015.1
Temperature template changed (behavioral change)
The templates changed from absolute temperature to relative temperature for the following properties:
• Thermal conductivity/Minimum temperature
• Thermal conductivity/Maximum temperature
• Heat capacity/Minimum temperature

• Heat capacity/Maximum temperature
• Miscellaneous/Temperature
• Chemical compaction/Reference temperature
If you use data from a 2014.x project, the data will be automatically adapted to the new template.
Exploration Geology: Play and Prospect

Assessment
2015.3
Unconventional resource play assessment
The Play and Prospect Assessment processes, complementing existing Petrel Exploration Geology processes,
offers functionalities for map-based play and prospect assessment integrating workflows from data to geologic
analysis to consistent and auditable assessment of exploration opportunities.
The first version of Play and Prospect Assessment covers map-based unconventional resource play assessment. This
assessment is built on the implementation of the basic GeoX “slab” model segment-level volumetrics. It includes a
basic GeoX segment analysis capability with risk dependencies (to be handled accordingly in the prospect
aggregation in GeoX) and correlations.
The segment analysis capability implemented in Petrel replicates in the first version the non-depth dependent GeoX
volume methods. The GeoX tools (risk models) will be integrated via the common GeoX database. A new polygon
functionality (geopolygons) has been designed to provide the capabilities in Petrel that are required to support map-
based play and prospect assessment.

The Play and Prospect Assessment module, which includes the new polygon capabilities, will be available with the
Exploration Geology and Shale Core licenses.
Figure 65: Composite play map. Distribution of a fluid parameter (recovery factor oil) of the assessment unit 10

Drilling
Drilling: General
2015.1
Drilling structure and slots
It allows you to organize the wells and ensures that well heads are maintained by a fixed drilling structure. Drilling
structure slots are used by the well design and well positioning workflows, but assigning the wells to drilling
structures can be done from any well object and does not require these specific modules.
The drilling structure is the physical structure where wells reside. For example, for land operations, the structure is

commonly named a "drillpad" or "wellpad" and this structure is generally fixed. A drillpad/wellpad contains one or
more wells. In offshore operations, the drilling structures are commonly known as "platforms" (production platforms,
floating production systems, condeep platforms, etc.).
In Petrel, the drilling structure is visualized as a single structure, either as an offshore platform or as a land rig when
seen from faraway (zoomed out). When zoomed in, the representation will change to reveal the individual slots as
points with a transparent area illustrating that they belong to a particular drilling structure.
Figure 66: "Zoomed out" and “zoomed in” representation
The slot is the physical location within a "drillpad/wellpad" and/or a "platform" that can be assigned to a well to be
drilled. This well’s well head coordinates will use the assigned slot, within the assigned drillpad/wellpad and/or
platform.

The drilling structure includes the following high level functionality:
• Create new drilling structures manually by specifying the slot coordinates
• Visualize the slots in 2D/3D with color-coding based on slot availability
• Use slot position as well head position when creating new wells
• Assign existing wells to drilling structure slots
• Move and rotate the drilling structure for optimum placement
• Import and export entire set of slot coordinates from file
• Use of drilling structure position uncertainty in anti-collision calculations
Figure 67: Drilling structure Settings dialog and slot reference in well settings

Drilling: Well Design
2015.3
Import Well Plan
In Petrel 2015.3:
• The WITSML 1.3.1 format can be imported.
• The MD, INC, AZIM curve is used for the trajectory profile after importing.
• The TVD reference can be user defined during importing.
• When importing a lateral plan, the tie-in MD will be redefined by the first MD in the WITSML file.

2015.2
Projection Ahead
Projection ahead is the process of looking forward from the last survey station to the current bit depth to see if the
well path is heading towards the expected location. When a Projection object is created under the well, an additional
trajectory will extend from the last survey station by the specified distance and projection method.
In the drilling process, the last survey station of the well path does not always indicate the actual bit
location/borehole bottom, as the MWD tool sensor package always locates the bit after a specific distance. With the
projection ahead functionality, it is possible to create a predicted trajectory (projection) from the last survey station,
which is updated when the definitive survey is updated.
To create a new projection:

1. Select a well object, which must have a definitive survey in MD, Inc, Azim type.
2. In the Drilling perspective, on the Real-time tab, click Projection ahead .

3. Input the predicting distance and method in the opened dialog.
4. Click OK. The projection object is created under the well.
To modify the projection:

1. Select a well object that has the projection.
2. On the context menu, select Projection ahead .
3. Modify the prediction distance and method in the opened dialog.
4. Click OK. The projection object is updated.

Interactive well path design tools
The Interactive well path design tools have been enhanced:
• The Tie-in point can now be moved using the Edit design points tool.
• A new design point can now be inserted between the existing design points using the Add design points tool.
• The control point can now be picked and converted to a design point using the Add design points tool. The plan
profile is also split at that point.
Extend to surface
The Go to surface tool in the Well plan designer has been enhanced and renamed, Extend to surface. When
extending a well plan to the surface using the Extend to surface tool in the Well plan designer, the surface start
location X and Y can now be defined by the user.
In the Extend to surface dialog box, there are two options for the surface location:
• Calculated: A start point location is calculated and the well plan is extended to the new calculated start point

with a hold plus a curve profile.
• User defined: The user defines the X and Y values for the start point. The well plan is extended to the
user-defined start point with an S profile.
2015.1
Interactive well path design tools
Two interactive well path design tools are available on the Tool palette for Well design: Add design points tool
and Edit design points tool. The new interactive well path design tools allow you to create and edit well plans by
digitizing and dragging the design points in the 3D window.
There are two interactive well path design tools:

• Add design points tool
• Edit design points tool

Add design points tool
The Add design points tool allows you to create new well plans by picking design points on the displayed objects
in a 3D window. It also allows you to extend the existing well plans by adding design points at the end of the well
plans.
The Add design points tool can be accessed in the Tool palette for Well design.

With the Add design points tool , you can add design points to a well plan by picking design points from top to
bottom in a 3D window.
You can only pick design points on the displayed objects in the 3D window. Therefore, before you pick the design
points in the 3D window, you need to display the related objects in the 3D window, for example, horizons, surfaces,
geological targets, intersection plane, and so on.
1. On the Well Design tab, click Digitize well in the Well path group. The Tool palette for Well design
appears.
2. In the Tool palette for Well design, toggle on the Add design points tool .
3. In the Tool settings of the Add design points tool, set the appropriate options.
• To create new well or new plan, click the New well or New plan button.
• To add points to an existing plan or well, select the plan or well in the Input pane or the 3D window.
4. In the 3D window, add design points one by one from top to bottom.
To add a design point:
a. On the displayed objects in the 3D window, point to somewhere to be added as the design point.
b. When the pointer becomes a , click (or hold Ctrl and click) to add a design point.
A design point is added to the selected well plan or new well plan. The profile of the added section is
depending on how you set your options and how you add your points.

In the Tool settings of the Add design points tool, you can see or set the following options:
• Well name field: This field shows the name of the selected well. If there is no selected well, it shows New
well.
• Well plan name field: This field shows the name of the selected well plan name. If there is no selected well
plan, it shows New plan.
• New well : To create a new well, click this button.
• New plan : To create a new well plan, click this button.

• Desired DLS: For directional drilling, to get from point A to point B, it might be easier to drill the short curve
with higher dogleg, for example, 3deg/30m and then straight line, instead of long curve at small dogleg, for
example 0.3deg/30m. The Desired DLS option has been created to meet this need. Select the Desired DLS
check box and input a desired DLS. If this option is selected, the Petrel engine will try to connect two adjacent
design points with a Curve & Hold profile using the specified DLS for the curve section. If the constraints are
too tight, the engine will use the Curve section of the higher DLS to connect those two design points.
• Maximum DLS: The actual maximum DLS of the whole well plan. This field is read only.

• Snap to target point: If this check box is selected, when you click anywhere on a geological target, the target
point of the target will be picked.
• Point size: Drag the slider to adjust the size of the design points and control points.
The profile of the added section depends on how you set your options and how you add your points.
• Well head: For a new well, the first picked point is the well head. For the existing well, the well head is defined
in the well settings.
• The first section: The first section of the well plan can be a Hold or a Vertical profile.
o To create a Hold section for the first section, click to pick a point in the 3D window. The picked point
connects to the well head with a Hold section.
o To create a Vertical section as the first section, hold the Ctrl key and click a point at the TVD level of the
vertical section. A Vertical section is created from the well head to the picked TVD level.
• Sections other than the first section: Other sections of the well plan can be a Curve, Curve & Hold, or Hold.
o When the Desired DLS check box is selected, the added design point is connected with either the Curve or
Curve & Hold profiles. Click to pick a point in the 3D window. The picked point connects to with a Curve or
Curve & Hold section. The DLS of the Curve section is larger than the Desired DLS.
o To connect the design points with the Curve profile only, clear the selection of the Desired DLS check box
and then click to pick a point in the 3D window. The picked point connects to the previous point with a
Curve section.
o To attach a Hold section to the previous section, hold the Ctrl key and click a point. A Hold section is
extended from the previous design point.

Edit design points tool
The Edit design points tool allows you to use the dragger to interactively move the design points of the well plans
in the 3D window.
The Edit design points tool can be accessed in the Tool palette for Well design.

With the Edit design points tool, you can move the design point of the selected well plan by dragging it in the 3D
window.
Before editing the design points of the selected well plan, you need to display it in the 3D window.
1. On the Well Design tab, click Digitize well in the Well path group. The Tool palette for Well design
appears.
2. In the Tool palette for Well design, toggle on the Edit design points tool .
3. Select the well plan to be edited in the Input pane or the 3D window.
4. In the Tool settings of the Edit design points tool, verify the name of the selected well plan and set the
appropriate options.
5. In the 3D window, click the design point to be moved. The dragger appears on the design point.
6. Drag the corresponding part of the dragger to move the design point.
When editing a plan with the dragger, to view the detail plan design, you can open the Well plan designer at the
same time. The spreadsheet will be updated synchronously with the dragger.
When editing with the dragger, if the computation fails, the plan trajectory on the 3D window will be displayed in the
error color. You still can move the points using the dragger. The plan will stay in the last successful computation
result until the computation comes back to a good state again.

In the Tool settings of the Edit design points tool, you can see or set the following options:
• Well name field: This field shows the name of the selected well.
• Well plan name field: This field shows the name of the selected well plan name.
• Desired DLS: For directional drilling, to get from point A to point B, it might be easier to drill the short curve
with higher dogleg, for example, 3deg/30m and then straight line, instead of long curve at small dogleg, for
example 0.3deg/30m. The Desired DLS option has been created to meet this need. Select the Desired DLS
check box and input a desired DLS. If this option is selected, the Petrel engine will try to connect two adjacent
design points with a Curve & Hold profile using the specified DLS for the curve section. If the constraints are
too tight, the engine will use the Curve section of the higher DLS to connect those two design points.
• Maximum DLS: The actual maximum DLS of the whole well plan. This field is read only.
• Movement modes: There are three movement modes available for selection:
o Free movement: In this mode, you can move the selected design point in the XY plane and Z direction.
o Move in vertical plane: In this mode, you can move the selected design point in a vertical plane which you
can specify the azimuth angle.

o Move along tangent: In this mode, you can move the selected design point along the tangential line. This
option is mainly used to extend a Hold section.
• Point size: Drag the slider to adjust the size of the design points, control points and dragger.
Searching well plans

Well plan objects can be searched in the Petrel index through the Studio function. Some plan filters are also
provided.
The following filters for plan can be added to the Search filter pane:
• Directional difficulty index.
• Has survey program. This filter is used to search the plans which have survey program.
• Is active plan. This filter is used to search the active plans.
• Last MD.
• Last TVD.
• Tie-in MD.
• Tie-in trajectory.
• Tortuosity.
Lateral well plans

In the Surveys and plans folder of a lateral well, you can insert a new lateral well plan.
Before you create the lateral well plan, you must create a lateral well for the parent well.
1. Do one of the following:
• On the Well Design tab, in the Well path group, click New lateral well plan.
• Right-click the lateral well and click Insert new lateral plan.

The Insert new lateral plan dialog box appears.
2. In the Insert new lateral plan dialog box, edit the name of the lateral well plan.
The Tie-in to well field shows the name of the parent well. This is not editable.
3. From the Tie-in trajectory list, choose the trajectory of the main well which the lateral plan will tie into.
4. In the Tie-in MD field, type the MD of the tie-in point of the parent well. To find or interpolate a tie-in point,

click the MD picker button.
The MD picker dialog box opens.
• To find the Tie-in point from the existing survey stations, specify the MD range to find stations, and then
click Find. The found stations are listed in the table. And then, pick the tie-in point in the table.
• To use a tie-in point at a specified MD, specify the tie-in MD and click Interpolate. The tie-in location is
computed and listed in the table.
5. Click OK.
The Well plan designer for the lateral plan appears. The start point of the lateral plan is the tie-in point of the
parent well.
6. In the Well plan designer, design the lateral plan by adding profile sections.
The lateral plan is saved in the Surveys and plans folder in the Input pane. The green checkmark icon in front of
the lateral plan indicates that this lateral plan is the active plan for the lateral well.

After a lateral plan is created, the tie-in MD can be changed in the Well plan designer. In the Well plan designer
for the lateral well, in the Settings group, click Tie-in. The Lateral plan settings dialog box appears. In the
Lateral plan settings dialog box, you can edit the tie-in MD, which is the MD of the tie-in point of the main well.
After you change the tie-in settings, click OK. The lateral plan in the designer is recomputed using the updated tie-in
settings.
Go to surface (behavioral change)

The Go to surface function in the Well plan designer has been enhanced. In the Go to surface dialog box, now
you can set the Start elevation for the new start point relative to the Mean Sea Level and the Kick-off MD.
If the well head location is not a concern, you can first use the interactive well path design tool to pick design points
in the formation and create a well plan from somewhere in the middle. And then you can extend this well plan to
surface using the Well plan designer.

1. Select the well plan in the Input pane and click Well plan designer in the Well path group.
This well plan is opened in the Well plan designer.
2. In the Well plan designer, clear the Link to well head check box.
3. Select the Add to top mode.
4. On the toolbar of the Well plan designer, in the Utility group, click Go to surface.
The Go to surface dialog box appears.
5. In the Go to surface dialog box, input the Start elevation and Kick-off MD.
a. In the Start elevation field, input an elevation value for the new start point relative to the Mean Sea Level.
This elevation must be above the current start point.
b. In the Kick-off MD field, input the MD for the kick-off point between the new and current start points.
c. Click OK.
The well plan is extended to the new start point with a hold plus a curve profile.

Drilling: Real Time
2015.2
Real-time streaming modes
When connecting to the real-time data, the Real time streaming mode dialog box appears, which provides the
options of overwrite and append for the real-time survey and log data streaming.
For streaming the trajectory, there are two modes:

• Overwrite all existing stations in the definitive survey.
• Append after the last station in the definitive survey.
For streaming the log data, there are two modes:

• Overwrite all existing samples in the relevant log object.

• Append after the last sample in the relevant log object.
Streaming real-time survey (behavioral change)

Before loading the real-time survey to a well, you must have a definitive survey in the MD, INCL, AZIM type for this
well.

2015.1
Real-time connect
In Petrel 2015.1:
• Lateral wells can also receive the real-time data. The precondition is to have a definitive survey in the MD, INCL,
AZIM type for the lateral well.
• Real-time connect can now accept WITSML in the 1.3.1.1 and 1.4.1.1 formats.
Streaming real-time survey data (behavioral change)

In Petrel 2015.1, the streamed survey data will be created as the definitive survey under the Plans and surveys
folder.
Drilling: Well Positioning

2015.2
Travelling circle player
When a 3D travelling circle is active (bold in the Input pane), you can use the Travelling circle player to move it along
the trajectory in the display window. The function of the previous MD slider in the Travelling circle settings has been
replaced by this player.
To open the Travelling circle player, do one of the following:

• In the Drilling perspective, on the Well positioning tab, in the Visualization utilities group, click Travelling
circle player
• On the Home tab, in the View group, click Players, and then select Travelling circle player .

Player Tools
The Start, Last MD Move the travelling circle to the start or last MD.
Step travelling circle Move the travelling circle to the previous or next MD step.
backward, forward
Play travelling circle Play the travelling circle MD backward or forward along the
backward, forward trajectory.
Pause playing the travelling Stop the player.

circle
Step delay Expand to set the player speed in milliseconds.
MD Move the travelling circle to a specific MD step.

Increment Set the distance between steps along the trajectory MD.

When a travelling circle is playing, its name in the Input pane changes to indicate its MD depth.
2015.1
3D travelling circle
The 3D travelling circle can be created along the well plans to estimate the distances between the subject well plan
and the nearby objects such as the offset well trajectories and the No-go zones for this plan. The 3D travelling circle
visualizes a circle intersection plane perpendicular to the plan trajectory in the 3D or 2D window.
On this circle intersection plane, the isometric circles indicate the distance around the well plan at the specified MD
point.

You can change the 3D travelling circle settings, such as MD, number of circles and the increment of circle radius.
You can create 3D travelling circles around a well plan in a 3D or 2D window.
Before creating the travelling circles, you need to display the well plan in a 3D or 2D window.
1. On the Well Positioning tab, in the Visualization utilities group, click Digitize travelling circle.
The Tool palette for Well design appears and the Travelling circle tool is activated.
2. In the Tool settings of the Tool Palette, set the increment of circle radius and the number of circles.

3. Point to the well plan in the window. When the pointer becomes a , click the point to create travelling
circle around it.
A 3D travelling circle object is created under the well plan in the Input pane and displayed in the active
window.
Note: If the Z scale of the window is set to a value other than 1, the view of travelling circle will distort. To view it
correctly, set the Z scale to 1.
After a 3D travelling circle is created, you can view or change its settings, such as MD, number of circles, and the
increment of circle radius. To do it, in the Input pane, right-click the 3D travelling circle under the well plan and click
Settings.

After the No-go zone and 3D travelling circle are created for a well plan, you can also view the intersection slices of
the No-go zones on the travelling circle plane.
Viewing No-go zone slices on the travelling circle plane can help you to estimate the distance between the well plan
and No-go zones.

Refresh Anti-collision result
After running the Anti-collision project scan or Anti-collision window scan, if any underlying data has been
changed since the computation was performed, the Anti-collision refresh button will become available to remind
you to refresh the Anti-collision result in the window.
Click the subject well plan or the Anti-collision result in the Input pane. The Anti-collision refresh button becomes
available. Click the Anti-collision refresh button in the Anti-collision group on the Well Positioning tab. The Anti-
collision result is recomputed and updated in the window.
Alternatively, you can re-run the Anti-collision project scan or Anti-collision window scan for the subject well.
In the following condition, the Anti-collision refresh button will become available to remind you to refresh the
Anti-collision result:
• The trajectory of the subject well or any offset well has been changed, including any tie-in trajectory change.
• The Survey program and ellipsoid of uncertainty (EOU) of the subject well or any offset well has been changed or
removed, including the change for any tie-in trajectory.

• The uncertainty changes in the well settings.
• Any offset well is removed.
For the following changes, the Anti-collision refresh button will not be available for refreshing. You can re-run the
Anti-collision project scan to include the new offset wells.
• Adding any new offset well to the Petrel project or removing the added new offset wells.
• The uncertainty changes for the drilling structure to which the subject well or offset wells are assigned.
In the following conditions, the Anti-collision result will be automatically deleted:
• The Survey program of the subject trajectory is deleted.

• All offset wells in the Anti-collision result are deleted.
Well positioning for lateral wells

In Petrel 2015.1, you can create survey program and calculate the EOU for lateral surveys and lateral well plans. The
prerequisite is to have the Survey program for the parent trajectory. For a lateral survey or lateral plan, its survey
program starts from the tie-in MD. The Anti-collision and No-go zone scan can also include lateral wells.
Survey program (behavioral change)

The new geomagnetic model IGRF-12 is available in the Survey program.

Drilling structure uncertainty in Anti-collision and No-go
zone computation (behavioral change)
During the Anti-collision and No-go zone computation, depending on the drilling structure, the drilling structure
uncertainty is taken into account.
• For the offset wells which are assigned to the same drilling structure as the subject well, the computation will
exclude the uncertainty of their drilling structure.
• For the offset wells which are not assigned to the same drilling structure as the subject well, the computation
will include the uncertainty of their drilling structure.

Production
Production: General
2015.2
Decline curve analysis
Petrel now adds one more tool to evaluate/access your future production performance, by applying empirical decline
curve methods. Graphically erase the noisy data and modify decline parameters to improve the best fit. Share the
decline analysis history, comments, and results across the asset team.
Petrel now provides empirical production decline analysis. Together with RTA and analytical simulation workflow

(Production interpretation module) and numerical simulation, Petrel enables you and your team to work out multi-
scale production evaluation in one single platform.
The main functionalities of Decline curve analysis (DCA) include: select interest phases, exclude noisy data, and
manipulate analysis parameters for the best fit.
The supported decline analysis methods include:

• Traditional Arps
• Stretched Exponential
• Duong
• Power Law

2015.1
Production modules license consolidation
The Production engineering modules, Production Interpretation, Well Deliverability, Production Analytics, and OFM
data connector, are now included with the Reservoir Engineering core, Shale core, and Combined core licenses. A
user of any background can now access these powerful functionalities.

Production: Production Interpretation
2015.1
Find wells based on production attributes via Studio search
Petrel can now index most commonly used production variables. You can now find and select focus wells based on
KPIs, for example; ‘time on production’, ‘total gas recovery till date’, and ‘best 30 days average liquid production’.
You can take advantage of the Studio search capabilities to filter wells based on KPI production attributes, such as
‘Average of first 30 days liquid production rate’, ‘Best 90 days average of gas production rate’ and ‘Total liquid
recovery till date’ and so on.

More user-friendly Production Interpretation
Production Interpretation (PI), which is used for RTA and Analytical Simulation, is more streamlined and user friendly
now, as shown by the following enhancements:
• Flow Rate Transient Analysis (RTA) interpretation on multi-windows for different production histories, with
interpretation result table instantly in the same window of interactive diagnostic chart.
• Export the data of interpretation derivative curves and history matching production charts.
• Common charting features, such as, Zoom in, Export to Excel, and Copy bitmap, and others are now available for
RTA dignostic charts and production charts.
• Easily manage PI entities on the Input tree. All PI entities (RTA interpretation, Pressure transient plots and
others) are moved to the Input tree and organized under a Production interpretation folder.
• For old version projects loading into versions of 2015.1 and later, all PI charts, including the charts in processes
of RTA interpretation, Nonlinear regression, Pressure trainsient plot, and Rate trainsient plot, will be deleted
from the Windows pane. The contents of the charts are recorded, so you need to launch the process to re-
generate the display, and the system will display with the settings that were saved in the project.

Studio
Studio: Studio Client Petrel
2015.5
Automatic Connection Setting
The ability for a user to automatically connect to the last used repository can now be enabled directly from the
Repository settings tab within Studio settings in the Project settings dialog. Previously, this was enabled
through the user level configuration file, as explained in the Petrel Installation Guide. It can also be configured
through the application level configuration file, but the user level settings will take precedence.
Studio: Find

2015.4
Default Filters
Find can be configured in Petrel such that when Find is launched, default keyword filters are always automatically
applied, narrowing the scope of data displayed.
To enable default keyword filters, edit the FindConfiguration.xml file
(ProgramFiles\Schlumberger\Petrel2015\extensions\Schlumberger\Studio) and add multiple checked or unchecked
values for the keyword filter. Instructions on how to edit the file are listed within the file itself.
2015.3
WorldMap search
By default, Find searches now include a search of indexes from third-party content providers over the internet. If you
find data of interest using the WorldMap search, you can submit a request for more information about the data.
WorldMap provides the following capabilities and characteristics:
• Choose which 3rd party indexes to search (default is all)
• Left-click any dataset name to launch a web browser for more information about the dataset.
• Submit a request for more information about the data, if you find data of interest using the WorldMap search.
Data managers can control the data requests through a request approval workflow.

• Add a Map Service to visualize a WorldMap content provider's data coverage. This feature is only available if the
dataset's content provider has added it.
• Turn off automatic WorldMap searches if desired or disable/hide WorldMap searches for Petrel users.
Compare search results

With the Compare search results, Petrel users have the ability to perform comparison among indexed data from
the Search results or with the Studio selection (or Shopping cart).
This feature can be used to identify duplicates within a set of indexed data or compare common data from various
indexed sources (from the same or different data source types) without having to load them first to the Petrel project,
which will help in deciding which data to be retrieved to the project.
Note: Be aware that when comparing data from sources with different data models, the tool does not perform data
model mapping and therefore, might wrongly report differences where there are none.
Refine well selection

The dialog to refine the well selection when loading well data from the Studio repository using Find has been
improved. It now uses the Find index to display the selected wells and the well data, allowing better end-user
interaction and faster performance especially for large well data sets.
With this new dialog, you can refine the well data (such as: logs, markers, checkshots, etc) individually for a
particular well or for set of wells selected from the repository index and load them together to your Petrel project.

Note: Find Refine well selection is only enabled for silent mode load option; therefore, all transfer warnings will be
ignored during the loading process.
The Refine well selection dialog displays the selected wells from the repository index on the left pane and the
available repository well data in the right pane. When a well is selected on the left pane, the list of well logs and
well tops in the right pane will be filtered, based on the availability of that well, while the remaining well data (such
as, checkshot, point well data, etc.) will still be displayed, based on what are available in the repository.
Figure 68: Refine well data to be loaded with the wells from repository index

Studio: Worksteps
2015.4
Worksteps
A series of Studio related worksteps have been added to the Processes within the Workflow editor in order to
allow for automated data tagging and transfers to be done within workflows. These steps can be used to connect to
a specific repository as a designated user, build transfer lists, send and receive data between Petrel and Studio, and
assign data quality tags within the context of an automated workflow build in the Workflow editor.
The worksteps available are:
• Connect to Studio
• Get the object by identifier
• Add to Studio transfer list by object id
• Add to Studio transfer list

• Send current transfer list to studio
• Retrieve current transfer list from Studio
• Set Petrel object quality attributes
• Clear Studio transfer list
• Disconnect from Studio
Additional information on the worksteps and an example of how they are used can be found in the online Help.
Studio: Transfer
2015.4
Repository Data Table

SRD Adjustment
When retrieving checkshot data or time logs from Studio into Petrel, there may be instances where an SRD mismatch
exists between what is set in the Petrel project and what is set in the Studio repository. If this is the case, an SRD
conversion factor must be applied before the data can be sent into Petrel.
When checkshots or time logs are toggled on for transfer from Studio into Petrel from the repository data table, and a
mismatch exists, the new SRD Adjustment button will activate, allowing a conversion factor (replacement velocity
or time shift value) to be applied before the data is retrieved.
This is the same logic and functionality behind the SRD Adjustment tool available in the Studio Transfer dialog, and
detailed documentation can be found in the online Help.

Figure 69: SRD Adjustment option in the repository data table

Filter on Sync Status
With Petrel 2015.4, the option to view the synchronization status of each data item within the repository data table is
toggled on by default, and the column can be filtered to view only the data items with a selected synchronization tag.
The option to view the Sync status column in the repository data table can be controlled through Project Set up >
Project Settings > Studio Settings > Data Settings > Show Synchronization status on each row.
Figure 70: Filter on Sync Status in repository data table

Retrieve in Copy Mode
When data items are toggled on for transfer into Petrel from the repository data table, there is now the option to
transfer the data in copy mode.
This is the same functionality as the copy mode transfer that is also available in the Studio Transfer Tool, which
allows objects to be transferred with a new GUID, so that they do not overwrite the existing object. This can be
helpful to compare different updates made to items such as interpretations or maps without overwriting the original
item.
Figure 71: Retrieve in Copy Mode

Synchronize Stratigraphy
The synchronize stratigraphy option is now available when a well top collection is toggled on for transfer from the
repository data table into a Petrel project. This is the same functionality that is also available from the Studio transfer
tool.
Using Synchronize stratigraphy when transferring a well top collection into Petrel from Studio will reorganize the
well top collection’s stratigraphy in the Petrel project based on what the stratigraphic order is in the Studio
repository.
When you synchronize stratigraphy, all horizons that are in your project, but not in the repository, are moved to the
bottom of the stratigraphy column in your project and marked with an *.

Figure 72: Synchronize stratigraphy option in repository data table

Retrieve Well Tops Only
When transferring well tops from Studio to a Petrel project using the repository data table, it is now possible to use
the Retrieve well tops only option. This is the same functionality available within the Studio transfer tool which
allows you to retrieve well tops without also retrieving the wells that the tops belong to.
In order to activate this option, go to Project Setup > Project Settings > Studio Settings > Transfer Settings >
enable retrieval of well tops only.
Figure 73: Retrieve well tops only from the repository data table

Display and Edit Custom Well Attributes
Any user-defined custom well attributes that exist for wells within a Studio repository can now be displayed and
edited from within the repository data table in Petrel. These edits can then be transferred into the Petrel project
where the attributes will be updated.
The custom well attributes can be viewed by selecting the Show User Defined Properties check box while in the
Wells tab of the repository data table.
Figure 74: Display and edit custom well attributes within the repository data table

Display and Edit Custom Well Top Attributes
Any user defined custom top well attributes that exist for a specific well top collection within a Studio repository can
now be displayed and edited from within the repository data table in Petrel. These edits can then be transferred into
the Petrel project where the attributes will be updated.
The custom well top attributes can be viewed by selecting the Show User Defined Properties check box while in
the Well top tab of the repository data table and by selecting a specific well top collection in the drop down menu.
Figure 75: Display and edit custom well top attributes within the repository data table

2015.3
Blocked Data
With Studio 2015.4, a data administrator can delete and block data from the Studio Manager data table to prevent it
from being reintroduced to the repository.
A Petrel user trying to transfer a blocked data item or one of its children back to Studio, using Petrel 2015.3 and
above, will receive an error and the transfer of this data will not go through.
Figure 76: Caption – Transfer error message of sending blocked data

A typical workflow where the delete and block is needed, is when performing a seismic reparenting. In this case, the
superseded survey should be deleted from Studio and blocked. This additional step can now be done automatically
when the reparenting is triggered from Studio Manager and a comment is now generated to tag the surveys
participating in the reparenting.
Automatic Connection
Automatic connection to the Studio repository can be enabled so that, when you open a project, you are
automatically reconnected to the last Studio repository that you accessed from that project. If the project was never
connected before, then the Studio connection dialog will display and you will be able to define your connection
settings.
The automatic connection is only available when connecting to a repository using Windows authentication with SQL
Server or single sign on (SSO) with Oracle.
Please refer to the Petrel Installation Guide to learn how to enable this option.
Synchronization enhancements

The confirmation dialog when launching the synchronization can be made optional.
Go to the Studio Transfer settings in the Project settings dialog and clear the Display confirmation message
when synchronization starts check box. In this case, the synchronization will launch automatically as scheduled
without requesting a confirmation from the Petrel user.
Furthermore, the Studio transfer status now includes both send and retrieve transfer summary. Previously, only the
retrieve status was shown; this has been fixed.

2015.2
Transfer
In Petrel, when sending an object to the repository where the parent of the object already exists, the object path will
be based on the path of the parent in Studio. This is to ensure the path consistency of the objects in Studio during the
re-foldering workflow.

Studio: Modeling
2015.1
3D Grid: Collaborate & Find
3D Grids, including pillar grids and stairstep grids, with the exception of simulation grids (that is, 3D grids with
dependency on aquifer, thermal boundary condition, LGRs, contact sets, or streamlines), are now supported by Studio
for collaboration and Find workflows.
3D Grids are enabled in Studio as managed objects. For those managed objects, no unit nor coordinate system
conversion is applied during the Studio transfers. Therefore, the collaboration workflows are only enabled if the
working Petrel project has a matching frame of reference and matching user-defined units in Studio.
The frame of reference includes the following settings:

• Petrel unit system
• coordinate reference system (CRS) (that is, the CRS characteristics, not the CRS name)
• distance unit
• velocity unit
• area unit
• standard depth index unit
• volume unit
• time unit
• simulation unit system
• reference elevation depth
• reference elevation time
• time zone
• daylight saving time (DST)
• unit of all predefined templates
When no matching frame of reference is found, the list of available frame of references in Studio and their
discrepancies with the working project settings is displayed, which allow you to take appropriate actions: either to
make the necessary changes in your project to match the Studio settings, or to contact your Studio administrator and
request for a new frame of reference in Studio.
You can use Find to filter and retrieve 3D Grids from Petrel or Studio indexes. Before loading 3D Grids into your Petrel
project, you should use the ‘frame of reference’ filter to display all the Petrel and Studio data that match the working
project frame of reference and that can be loaded into Petrel, without risking any unit and/or coordinate system
mismatches.

The 3D Grids can be transferred to or from Studio at different levels: grid or property. For instance, this allows you
and other Petrel users to collaborate on a specific property without having to transfer the entire 3D Grid. Be aware
that transferring a 3D Grid from the Petrel Input tree or in silent mode from Find will not transfer its properties. Those
must be transferred individually or by using the Studio Transfer tool.
Full collaboration is enabled including notifications, alerts, and filters.
Metadata (including name, path and quality attributes) of 3D Grids and their properties stored in Studio can be
viewed under the Managed objects tab in the Repository data table. As with any Studio data, they can be loaded into

the Petrel project from the Repository data table and their quality attributes can be updated by a Petrel super user.
Studio: Microseismic
2015.1
Microseismic & Treatment data: Collaborate & Find
Microseismic and Treatment data are now supported by Studio for collaboration and Find workflows. The Treatment
data consist of Treatment intervals and Treatment stages and are hosted under a well in Petrel. Microseismic data
consist of Microseismic stages and Microseismic event sets and are linked to the wells through the Treatment stage.
The transfer to or from Studio is enabled at the Treatment interval, Treatment stage, Microseismic stage, and
Microseismic event set level. When a Treatment stage is transferred to or from Studio, all its related Microseismic
stages and Perforations are transferred as well. The Microseismic event sets still have to be transferred on their own.
Microseismic event sets contain event properties that are transferred together with the event set, but cannot be
viewed in Studio. Spatially aware event properties will be stored in Studio with the CRS of the Petrel project from
which they are transferred. No CRS conversion will be performed when transferring the properties into Studio. A CRS
conversion will only apply when transferring those properties back to Petrel if the storage CRS in Studio is different
from the targeted Petrel project CRS.
Full collaboration is enabled including notifications, alerts, and filters.

Many Find filters have been added to narrow down and retrieve specific Microseismic data and Treatment data and
their associated wells.
Find filters for Microseismic data (under Microseismic):

• Event Properties (only available for Petrel index): to display Microseismic event sets that match the selected
properties.
• Linked to Treatment Wells: to display Microseismic event sets that are linked to Treatment wells through a
Treatment Stage.
• Microseismic start & end time (only available for Petrel index): to display Microseismic event sets that
match a specific date/time range.
• Data type - Microseismic event: to display only Microseismic event sets.
Find filters for Treatment data (under Well):

• Treatment stage: to display wells associated with a given Treatment stage or interval.
• Microseismic Event Sets: to display wells associated with a given Microseismic stage or event set.
• Treatment start & end time: to display wells that match a specific Treatment date/time range.
• Perforation start & end: to display wells that match a specific Perforation date range
All Microseismic and Treatment data stored in Studio can be viewed in the Repository data table under the Wells
tab.
The Storage CRS and the Original CRS of the spatially aware Microseismic event properties can be displayed in the
Microseismic event set tab.

Studio: Foundation
2015.1
Geopolygon: Collaborate & Find
Geopolygon is a new data object in Petrel representing closed polygon data with holes and attributes. It does not
support Z values; converting a native Polygon to a Geopolygon will flatten the shape, as the Z value will not be
preserved. The Geopolygon is supported by Studio for collaboration and Find workflows. Performance on data transfer
with the Geopolygon can be, on average, about 20 times faster than when transferring a similar polygon in Petrel
2014.x or earlier versions. The Find workflows allow you to visualize the indexed Geopolygons in a Petrel window and
perform a spatial search by using the Geopolygon boundary. Geopolygons stored in Studio can be viewed by using the
Repository data table in a specific Geopolygons tab under Shape.

Studio: Drilling
2015.1
Find
Drilling data are now being indexed in Petrel and Studio, enabling Find for the following data objects: Bottom Hole
Assembly (BHA), Geological Target, Drillers Target, Risk, Survey program, and Planned well path. Those data objects
can easily be retrieved by using the Data type filter and the search results selection can be narrowed down by using
the new associated search filters.
Risk URL
A Drilling risk can be associated with an URL. The URL and URL display are added to Studio and can be displayed in
the Repository data table.

Studio: Production
2015.1
Find
The most commonly used well level observed data have been added to the Petrel and Studio Find indexes, and
enabled as search filters in order to identify wells based on KPIs. Those includes:
• Average gas/liquid/water production rate
• Average of first 30/60/90 days of gas/liquid production rate
• Average ratio: gas-oil, oil-gas, and water-gas
• Total gas/liquid recovery till date

• Best 30/90 days average of gas/liquid production rate
• First/last production date for gas/liquid production
• Observed data
• Time on production

Studio: Geology
2015.1
New Well Model
Studio supports the new well model, new trajectory types for surveys and plans, and the new sidetrack/lateral well.
In 2015.1, all the old model wells transferred from Studio to Petrel will be migrated to the new model, following the
same migration rules as Petrel. The Find workflows have been enabled for both surveys and plans and lateral wells.
Since 2014.1, Studio supports the new well model where a well can have multiple surveys and plans, a definitive
survey and an active plan. The following behaviors are specific to the new model well during the Studio transfers:
• When a new model well is transferred, Studio always transfers its definitive survey and active plan.
• The surveys and plans of a new model well always show in the Studio transfer tool, even when they are hidden
in the Petrel Input tree.

• Studio prevents transfers to or from Studio if the definitive survey and active plan of the well in the source are
not set, while the well in the target has at least one of them.
In 2015.1, all the old model wells transferred from Studio to Petrel will be migrated to the new model. The migration
rules are the same as Petrel and are outlined in the Petrel 2015.1 Well Migration Reference document available
under the Help subfolder of your Petrel 2015.1 installation. Old model wells stored in Studio have to be transferred or
round-tripped from Petrel 2015.1 to Studio to be upgraded. We will provide some best practices and steps to help you
with this activity.
The following additional trajectory types are supported for surveys and plans:
• Surveys: XYTvd, DxDyTVD
• Plans: Automatic, XYZ, Explicit
Also Studio supports the new sidetrack/lateral well. The Tie–in well and tie-in surveys and plans are preserved, and
all the transfer, display, delete, filter, and Find workflows have been enabled.
When updating the trajectory of a well, the trajectories of the associated lateral wells are not recalculated
automatically. This might cause the tie-in MD of the lateral well to be outside the parent trajectory. Therefore, it is
recommended to validate (by using the Trajectory spreadsheet in Petrel) the trajectory of the associated lateral wells
after updating the tie-in trajectory of a well and before sending it to Studio. Should there be corrections made to the
trajectory of the associated lateral wells, then they also need to be sent to Studio.
When updating the trajectory of a well, the trajectories of the associated lateral wells are not recalculated
automatically. This might cause the tie-in MD of the lateral well to be outside the parent trajectory. Therefore, it is
recommended to validate (by using the Trajectory spreadsheet in Petrel) the trajectory of the associated lateral wells
after updating the tie-in trajectory of a well and before sending it to Studio. Should there be corrections made to the
trajectory of the associated lateral wells, then they also need to be sent to Studio.
Surveys and plans have been added to the Petrel and Studio Find indexes. You can filter on the surveys and plans
using the Data type filter, and/or use filters on the status (definitive, active or none) or on the trajectory type. The
Related items filter has been enhanced to allow for instance retrieval of the surveys and plans of a well, or the
lateral well of a main well and vice versa.

The Main well option has been added to the Related items filter that returns wells, surveys, and plans associated
with the main well and vice versa.
Raster Log
The Raster logs data model has been changed to allow a proper parent-child association with the well. It now
behaves like any other well logs in Studio.
For example, in the Repository data table, Raster logs now display under the Well log tab with all the relevant
information, including well name and UWI. A repository filter can be built to show or get notifications on wells with

Raster logs. In Find, the well’s details indicates if it is associated with a Raster log and the Logs filter allows for
retrieving wells with raster logs.
Upgrade considerations: Legacy Raster logs in Petrel are automatically upgraded to the new model when opening
a project with Petrel 2015.1. On the other hand, Legacy Raster logs stored in the repository prior to 2015.1 have to be
transferred or round-tripped from Petrel 2015.1 to Studio to be upgraded. If the same Raster log exists in Petrel and
Studio, but the data in Studio has not been updated to the new model yet, then the synchronization status in both
sides will be shown as no counterpart ( ) until the data is transferred from Petrel to Studio.
Note that if you still have old model Raster logs in your repository, they will show as individual data type
(independently from the Well logs) in the ‘All items’ tab of the Repository data table (Data type = RasterLog), in the
repository filter or in Find. Our recommendation is to upgrade your old raster logs as early as possible by following
those steps for each of your 2015.1 repositories.
1. Create a new 2015.1 Petrel project compatible with your repository (CRS and Time Zone must be set)
2. Connect to the repository and open the Repository data table.
3. In the ‘All items’ tab filter to only see legacy Raster logs:
a. Filter by data type =’RasterLog’
b. Select all the rows (by clicking the upper left corner of the table)
c. Select ‘Retrieve’
d. All the legacy raster logs are now loaded into the Petrel project
4. On the Home tab, under the ‘Transfer’ Group, select Synchronize -> Send updates.

The old model raster logs that you have retrieved from the repository will be sent back and upgraded to the new
model in Studio.
Stratigraphy Association
A Stratigraphic event can be linked to a Surface, a Well top horizon, or a Seismic horizon in Petrel. This link is
retained during the Studio transfers. While the Stratigraphic charts are not supported in Studio, preserving this link
allows you to reestablish the association when the Surface, Well top horizon or Seismic horizon is transferred back to
Petrel. In Studio, both the Event GUID and the Geological age are preserved. This enables new Find workflows where
Surfaces and Seismic horizons can be retrieved from the Petrel and Studio indexes based on their geological age.
Note that the Find index will store the geological age in Ma instead of seconds, as it was before. If you index
geological age with Petrel or Studio 2015 and search with 2014 or earlier, the attribute will not be displayed
correctly. In 2014, Find will read a value which is Ma and interpret it as seconds, then converting it to Ma (hence, it
will be tiny).
Studio: Geophysics

2015.1
Horizon Metadata
The dataset on which a Horizon was last interpreted is preserved in Studio and added to the Petrel and Studio
indexes. In Find, this metadata can be used to filter the data and/or to organize the search results. It allows better
management and access to the seismic horizons.
Petrel preserves the dataset on which a 2D or 3D Horizon was last interpreted on. When the Horizon interpretation is
transferred to Studio, it is preserved and indexed together with its seismic metadata.
The seismic metadata consists of the following information: vintage, seismic user, seismic sample interval, bulk value
format, storage type, acquisition date, wave type, stack, stack type, angle, offset, azimuth, and last processing step.
The metadata is stored as read-only attributes of the 2D and 3D Horizons. It can be displayed in the Repository data
table under the Horizon 3D and Horizon 2D tabs. It can be used as a repository filter or Find filter or to build a custom
tree of the search results, for better management and access to the seismic horizons.
Note that Petrel and Studio indexes from previous version use a different value sets/names for seismic attribute bulk
value format than the one used by the object in Petrel, for example, SByte or Signed byte or 8-BIT instead of Integer 8
bit.
These inconsistencies have been resolved, but the existing indexes will still show the old values. To get the benefit
of this fix, it is recommended to update the project index and re-index the repositories.

Studio: General
2015.1
Time Zone
We have improved how we handle the date time data & history dates by systematically converting them to/from the
server time zone during the Studio transfers.
In Petrel, the date time data display in the project time zone and the history dates display in the local time zone. Both
will be converted to the server time zone when transferred to Studio.
When displayed in the Repository data table, the date time data stored in Studio will be converted to the Project time
zone.
These various conversion rules for display or transfer require the Project Time Zone to be set when connecting to

Studio. It cannot remain ‘Undefined’. If it has not been set when connecting to Studio, an error message will display,
recommending setting the project time zone to the server time zone to avoid time zone conversion during the
transfers.
In Find, the date time data will also display in Project time zone. However, if the Project time zone is ‘Undefined’, they
will display in local time zone.

A few points may require attention as Petrel and Studio become time zone aware in 2015.1 and some specific
behaviors can be observed due to the Time Zone conversion to/from Studio.
• When upgraded to 2015.1, Studio will consider that all the date time data & history dates already stored in the
repository are in server time zone and a conversion may apply when the data is transferred to a Petrel project:
o On data time data, if the Petrel project time zone is different from the server time zone
o On history dates, if the local time for the Petrel project is different from the server time zone
The create and update dates of domain objects were already converted during the Studio transfers prior to
2015.1. This may cause some discrepancies when comparing the create date of an object stored in the database
prior to 2015.1 and the create date of the same object in a Petrel project, which is extracted from the history and
was not converted.
If your repository is in multiple time zones, then your data will have to be separated into single time zone
datasets.

• Some datatypes in Petrel have names that contain time information, for example: time series log (time step time)
and completion (start date). The following limitation should be taken in consideration when transferring this type
of data:
o Transferring to a Studio repository with a different time zone will cause the time information to be
converted, however, the name of the object remains the same.
o Transferring from a Studio repository with a different time zone will cause the time information to be
converted and the name of the object to be updated with the converted time.
• Date data in Petrel that are set to 00:00 by default might be converted to the previous day in Studio if the server
time zone is at least 1 hour earlier than the Petrel project time zone.
• For time series data, such as Pumping data or Microseismic Event data, that spanned during a Daylight Saving
Time (DST) change where the clock time jumps backward and an hour is skipped, a retrieve from Studio may
result in an overlap in the time series for events that happened during the skipped hour. In this situation, the
Petrel user should temporarily unset the DST setting and transfer the time series again from Studio.
Transfer Performance
Transfer performances have been improved for the following datatypes:
• Retrieval from Studio to Petrel of 3D Horizon interpretation (~6x faster)
• Transfer to or from Studio of Polyline set and Polygon data (~20x faster)

Technology
Technology: Shale: General
2015.1
Petrel modules
Pad Well Design, Pad Placement, Move Pad Well, Drainage calculator, and Well cost estimator are now modules in
Petrel.
These modules were previously installed as an extension to Petrel. They have now been moved to Petrel as full
modules and no longer need the extension to be installed. Licensing is through a Shale Core, or a Shale Suite license

on top of the other cores.
Technology: Shale: Geosteering

2015.2
Display measured distance
While geosteering a well, the delta THL, delta TVD, dip, and relative dip from one point to another can be calculated
and displayed on the curtain section.
The measure tool computes these values to assist in geosteering the well, and it is primarily used by the driller to
measure the distance from the bit to target.

The Dip value, as shown in the diagram above, is the dip of the line from one point selected to the second point and
from horizontal, or atan (Delta TVD / Delta THL). The Relative dip calculated is the angle between the formation bed
and the planned well trajectory. Both dips are in the direction of the curtain section, and assumed to be perpendicular
to the curtain section.
Horizon added while steering

A horizon added while steering will be included when applying curtain section changes.
If a horizon is added to curtain section 2 between the selected horizons in a steering operation of curtain section 1,
such as translation/rotation, then the horizons will be included in the steering operation when applying curtain
section changes from curtain section 1 to curtain section 2.
2015.1
Geosteering in the vertical track
Geosteering in the vertical track provides you with the ability to interactively correlate a segment of the realtime log
with the offset well log by stretching, squeezing, and translating a ghost curve.
This equates to rotating the block in the curtain section up or down by a certain dip angle in the case of stretching
and squeezing, and translating the block up and down a certain offset Y, when translating in the vertical track. The
synthetic log in the horizontal track is updated simultaneously, based on the manipulation of the realtime log in the
vertical track, and can be used to verify the correlation. To geosteer in the vertical track, change the mode to Ghost
manipulation. Select a segment in the curtain section, then manipulate the green line in the vertical track.
Note: Non-gamma ray curves, such as resistivity, can be used to geosteer on the vertical track using the same

procedure. However, the synthetic curve will only be generated for a gamma ray curve.
Create a tie-in point on a curtain section

You can create a tie-in on a curtain section during the geosteering of a well.
While geosteering a well, a point or segment already interpreted and seen on the real-time log might indicate the top
of a horizon that is encountered. A tie-in point can be created on the curtain section, and the horizon(s) shifted by an
offset or TVD using the Tie-in point tool. Changing the shift value recalculates the synthetic log, which is used to
match the real-time log.
To tie-in, change the mode to the tie-in point. You have an option to tie-in by providing one of the following:
• Offset
• TVD of formation that you want to tie-in to
• Or select a point that you want to tie, then click another point that you want to tie-in to.
Straighten the block while removing a hinge

You can now straighten the block while removing a hinge.
To straighten the block instead of leaving the block as interpreted, select the Straighten the block check box. This
will interpolate a line from the surrounding two hinges or boundaries. This change will be recorded for cloning or
applying a curtain section with changes.
Display multiple wells in a curtain section

You can hide wells or display additional offset wells nearby the curtain section.
By default, the curtain section will show the realtime well in the curtain section. You can hide this well or display
additional offset wells nearby the curtain section. The projection method used for the trajectory displayed is
orthogonal to the curtain section, and the color of the well displayed is from the well settings.
If the well head location of the well is changed, or the active trajectory is changed, the displayed wells will update
automatically. If the well is deleted, the well will be removed from display on the curtain section.
For curtain sections that are copied, the displayed wells must be turned off or on. If you switch between curtain
sections in the geosteering window being used, the displayed wells remain the same.
You can post up to five additional wells by selecting wells from input pane. You can hide the realtime well from a
curtain section setting.
Display 3D property of a model in a curtain section

A 3D Property of a model can be displayed on the curtain section similar to a seismic backdrop. This allows for visual
guidance for geosteering of the well with 3D property model data.

You can post 3D property by selecting a property from the Model pane. When several properties are posted, the
priorities are Seismic, 3D model, and then, gamma.
Display a curtain section in a 3D window

A curtain section can be displayed in a 3D window, along with the planned well that was used to create the curtain
section.
You can post a curtain section by toggling on the curtain section when the 3D window is active. This provides data
integration and another dimension in the ability to visualize the curtain section in 3D, along with the offset wells,
well tops, surfaces, seismic data, and any other data that Petrel supports in the 3D window. Changes made in the
curtain section in the Geosteering window will be updated and displayed simultaneously in the 3D window.
Multiple curtain sections can be displayed together in the 3D window.
To track the cursor in the 3D window, click Track cursor or Track all cursors. The cursor will be tracked in the 3D
window as the cursor is moved in the Geosteering window. No other window is supported. The cursor is not
tracked in the Geosteering window if moved in other windows.

Explicit grouping of well logs
Well logs can now be grouped into separate tracks.
Enter in the Track # to indicate which track to visualize the corresponding Well log. This will group Well logs
explicitly into separate horizontal tracks. By default, the same template is grouped as the same track.
Reset curtain section input dialogs

You can now reset the curtain section input dialogs. When creating a new curtain section, an option to reset the
curtain section is available. Click the Reset button to clear the inputs of the curtain section.
New curtain section style settings

The new settings have been added for the curtain section and well logs, and a new tab is included for settings for the
well path.
The following are the newly available settings:

• Well log
o Track setting: Logarithimic
o Log setting: Individual style, range, hide option
o Display setting: show hinge line, grid
• Well path
Annotate realtime well
• Curtain section
o Transparency apply both 3D/Geosteering window
o Hide realtime

Annotation for the realtime well in a curtain section
The realtime well can now be posted with annotations, such as TVD, THL, MD, INC, AZI.
Geosteering report includes new information

The geosteering report has been updated to include new information that will help to interpret well tops using Well
section window.
You can generate a Word document report of a curtain section that includes all interpretation activities and input
data from the geosteering process. This information, along with a screen capture of the Curtain section, allows for a
better interaction between the Geology and the Drilling departments.
The report now includes the following:

• Well information
o Planned Well
o Realtime well

• HL and MD of the intersections of Horizons and realtime well
• THL and MD of the faults
• THL and MD of the hinges
Convert points/polygon set now with realtime well name as

suffix
The converted points/polygon set now has a suffix of the realtime well name. When right clicking on a curtain
section, select convert to points/polygon set. This will output the points/polygon set. The names of each will include
the realtime well name suffix to the separate horizon names.
Keyboard shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts, now available in the curtain section, can be used for various functions.
The following keyboard shortcuts are available in the curtain section.
Key Shortcut Function

R Rotate selected horizon
T Translate Selected Horizon
F Slanted Fault:
G Ghost manipulation
S Tie-in point
Ctrl+Z Undo
Ctrl+Y Redo

Geosteering Tool palette
A new Geosteering Tool palette is available, which includes the tools previously on the Geosteering window
toolbar and new tools, as shown below.
To access the Geosteering Tool palette with a Geosteering window open, on the Geosteering tab, in the
Curtain section group, click Geosteering editing:
The following tool palette appears:

The Geosteering Tool palette can also be selected from the Tool Palette by clicking the Tool groups icon and
then, selecting the Geosteering check box.
The tool palette includes the following functionality:
Rotate Allows you to apply a hinge or regular rotation to the surface.

selected
horizons
Translate The first action during a real-time geosteering exercise is a vertical translation to adjust the beds
selected as a result of dipping or faulting during correlation. The translation can be upwards or
horizons downwards.
Allows you to steer by dragging or squeezing and stretching the ghost curve in the vertical track.
Ghost
It also allows you to correlate the model with the input log in the horizontal log track above the
manipulation
curtain section. This is an alternative method that correlates the logs by applying bed
adjustments similar to the Hinge rotate, Rotate surface, or Vertical translate actions on the
curtain section.
Allows you to create and edit tie-in points on the curtain section.
Tie-in point
Undo Allows you to undo the previous operation. The first time the curtain section is generated, this
icon is inactive. It is highlighted on the first geosteering action taken. Clicking it repeatedly will
take you back to the first action taken.
Redo Allows you to redo the operations in the order they were made.

Geosteering window default tracks (behavioral change)
For the newly created Geosteering window, both the vertical and horizontal tracks are displayed by default.
Cursor tracking in 3D Window

To track the cursor in the 3D window, in the Geosteering window, toggle on cursor tracking. Then, select Track
this cursor or Track all cursors in the 3D window. The cursor will be tracked in the 3D window as the cursor is
moved in the Geosteering window. No other window is supported. The cursor is not tracked in the Geosteering
window if moved in other windows.
Technology: Shale: Pad Well Design

2015.1
Pad Well Design now generates advanced plans

Pad Well Design now generates advanced plans instead of proposed wells (which are retired in 2015+). This provides
better functionality with Well Design such as interactive editing, well positioning, and others.
Technology: Shale: Pad Placement

2015.1
Geopolygons as a restriction data type
In Pad Placement, geometric restrictions include Geopolygons as a restriction data type. This allows you to use
geopolygons as a geometric restriction providing correct handling of holes.
Pad will not be placed in the holes if a restriction location is set to “inside”. If set to “outside” pads will be placed
outside and in the holes, but not the area denoted by the geopolygon.

Technology: Shale: Microseismic
2015.3
Generic (ASCII) Loader
Import microseismic ASCII event data
It is possible to import microseismic event data from generic ASCII files.
Import pumping ASCII data

It is possible to import pumping data from generic ASCII files.
Time Plot Analysis Window

The Time plot analysis window allows time-dependent data visualization and analysis. It supports the analysis of
observed data (pumping data), microseismic events and data created by microseismic evaluation plug-in.
The Time plot analysis window allows you to plot several properties on the Y-axis, while the X-axis represents time.
You can also display one property as a histogram (Microseismic event statistic every 2 minutes).
Figure 77: Example of Time plot analysis window with pumping data and microseismic event statistics
The time plots analysis window supports the following features:

• Inspector tool to read out the value of plots
• Automatic modes when you display real time data
• Display histogram (bar) bin size of 2 minutes
• Relative time plot with different treatment stages of data
• Petrel time player, which indicates time step with vertical line
Note: Time range of the plot will be automatically adjusted by the selected data range. You can control time range by
selecting corresponding treatment stages, which have time range information.

Custom Domain Object (CDO) Upgrader
The Custom Domain Object (CDO) Upgrader converts microseismic event set and pumping data created in a
Microseismic Evaluation (MSE) project to Petrel platform supported microseismic and pumping data new objects. The
upgrade happens in two stages: a first bulk upgrade of CDO objects that is automatically triggered upon project load.
This is the bulk CDO upgrade requiring minor user interaction for property template assignment. The second part of
the upgrade consists of a manual CDO upgrade using the new Microseismic evaluation 2015 plug-in, which can be
done at a later time if needed.
The Petrel project upgrade of CDO objects covers the following aspects: Petrel project time zone, Upgrade of
Microseismic Evaluation (MSE) microseismic event set to Petrel microseismic event set, Upgrade of pumping data to
Petrel observed data, and Upgrade of Other Microseismic evaluation objects.

2015.2
Microseismic events: Style/Color settings
When displaying microseismic events by using the Associate to event attribute option for colors, the color bar now
uses, by default, the rainbow color table.

Event Filter Editor Enhancements
It is now possible to filter microseismic events by depth by selecting Event location – Depth in the Event property
drop-down list when creating a new property filter.
The minimum and maximum values are automatically populated. You can copy them to set up the filter.
Time shift for the pumping data

Microseismic data are usually synchronized to GPS time and values displayed in the local time zone. Pumping data
are in the local time zone, but the clock time of the computer recording the data series is never synchronized to GPS
time and sometimes, rarely, is even connected to internet to properly set the time. The time may be whatever time a
you manually entered into your computer clock. As a result, pumping data times can be incorrect.
Therefore, pumping and microseismic data often need to be plotted within the same time extents. It requires the
pumping data shift option. The Time shift functionality for the pumping data allows you to synchronize the time
values with the microseismic data in the Time Plot Analysis window.

2015.1
Microseismic event data
Microseismic event location data and attributes are loaded directly into Petrel using .rdv format files. Display events
in the 2D and 3D windows with user-defined color and size, including setting display color and size by event
attributes using the Style tab.
Microseismic stages and folders

The Microseismic data tree structure organizes multiple event sets into microseismic stages grouped into user
created microseismic folders. You have the flexibility in choosing the organization that best fits your data. Folders can
contain multiple sub-folders and multiple stages. Stages can contain multiple microseismic event sets.
Microseismic stages are linked to one or more treatment stages to define the relationship between observed
microseismic events and stimulation activities.
Figure 78: Microseismic data tree

Event filter editor
Create filter definitions for either single property event filters or multi-property logical filters (AND, OR, NOT). Filter
application tab allows review and selection of filter application to event sets.
Figure 79: Event filter editor

All applied event filters are quickly enabled and disabled using the ribbon button in the completions tab.
Time player and real time display

Petrel time player plays microseismic events in time in the 2D/3D window as they occurred, or viewed and played
within a discrete user-defined sliding time window. Time player is integrated with other Petrel time-defined data and
is synchronized in the same time player.
Real time microseismic data is displayed in the 2D or 3D window as data is added to the real time file being loaded.
You can verify real time loading in the task manager.
Figure 80: Time player and real time display

Pumping data
Load data .rdv format pumping data in well folders. All pumping data is also located in Global observed datasets.

Nine new stimulation templates are available for pumping data. Templates use common stimulation units.
Figure 81: New stimulation templates

Treatment stages and intervals
Create flexible treatment interval and treatment stage relationship. Treatment intervals define the length of wellbore
stimulated. Treatment stages define the beginning and ending time of a stimulation stage. Well treatment intervals
and treatment stages are stored in the well folder of the stimulated well.
Figure 82: Treatment intervals and treatment stages

The relationship between detected events and stimulation activities is defined by linking one more treatment stages
to the microseismic stage. The link is established either during the data import workflow, or later in the treatment tab
of the microseismic stage settings.
Figure 83: Microseismic stage link to Treatment Stage

Spreadsheet QC for microseismic events and pumping data
Spreadsheet display of both microseismic event data properties and pumping data attributes is available. The
Microseismic event data spreadsheet uses color coded groups and group selection for display. Both spreadsheets
have copy selected cells to clipboard feature.
Figure 84: Microseismic spreadsheet

Figure 85: Pumping data spreadsheet
Time zone conversion

Time zone conversion from local time zone to project time zone is available during import of both microseismic event
data and pumping data. Time zone conversion is also performed when transferring data via Studio. Time zone
conversion includes optional specification time zone of data and is using daylight saving time (DST).

Figure 86: Project settings for Project time zone

RPT, Studio, and Studio Find support
RPT/Studio support of microseismic data including event sets, stages and folders. RPT/Studio support also includes
pumping data, treatment data, stages, and intervals. Time zone conversion is performed when transferring
microseismic event data and treatment data to and from Studio.
Figure 87: Studio: Project data table

Figure 88: Studio transfer tool

Figure 89: Reference project tool

Technology: Foundation
2015.2
Release license automatically after predefined Petrel idle
time
Petrel introduces a setting to release the Petrel license after a predefined time of inactivity to avoid unnecessary
license allocation when the software is not in use. Upon license release, you will be presented with a license lost
dialog and the option to exit Petrel or save the project and exit Petrel.
Find wells based on UWI with Petrel Search

The Petrel Search option (Ctrl-F) now supports a search for wells based on UWI or Name. The search result will
display both identifiers (second one in brackets) where the order is defined by the Well identification parameter in
the Well settings tab of the Petrel project Settings dialog.

2015.1
Add licenses while Petrel is running
Petrel 2015.1 introduces the option to check out functional Stack on Start license modules while Petrel is running.
This enables easy access to additional functionality needed for the workflow at hand and avoids to exit and restart
Petrel to select additional functional license modules.
License settings
The Petrel license selection dialog offers a new settings tab which allows users to configure the behavior of the
license selection by adding or removing option and additional information. In addition further settings are available
through the Petrel configuration file to allow enterprises tailoring the license selection process to specific company
needs.
Companion file support

A number of spatially enabled data objects create a companion file when exported from Petrel, which contain
detailed Coordinate Reference Information. When available, companion files are recognized by Petrel on import to
ensure spatial integrity of the Petrel project.
Cursor tracking
Cursor tracking has been enhanced with the option to apply the cursor tracking style (size, colors, etc.) to all visible
windows. This usability improvement avoids changing the cursor tracking style for each window individually.
Project Time Reference

Petrel 2015.1 introduces support for a project time reference, which enables users to set a time zone reference for a
project through an option in the project settings dialog.
• Projects created in previous versions will be assigned the “Unspecified” time zone. As with any change to the
frame of reference, you should exercise caution when changing time zones.
• When importing Point well data with a Timestep attribute, you may specify a file time zone; data will be
converted to the project time zone (PTZ).
• Project time zone mismatch will restrict data transfer in the RPT and Studio.
• Note your choice of PTZ does not affect the display of object history; this is always in the time zone specified for
the computer.

Figure 90: The Import Point well data dialog has a Time zone field to allow conversion to project time zone

Geopolygons
A new data object for representing closed polygon data with holes and attributes for cultural data and prospect risk
evaluation maps. The key features of geopolygons are:
• Importing Shapefiles containing polygons creates geopolygon objects.
• Improving the handling of polygons with holes.
• Being able to create and edit geopolygons interactively in the 2D window with a new set of tools.
• Being able to be transferred with the Reference project tool and Studio.
Shapefile loader
Petrel 2015.1 introduces a new shapefile loader to support closed polygons or polygons with holes loaded using the
new Geopolygon object.
Dynamic point labeling

Petrel 2015.1 introduces dynamic point labeling for point data based on the number of points displayed and the
distance from the camera. This significantly improves performance when visualizing point data with labels.
RPT preview
Petrel 2015.1 offers an option to preview the data transferred through RPT. This enables users to inspect dependent
data that will be transferred based on the current selection.

Make/edit polygons process dialog
The “Input” and “Result” blue arrows in the Make/edit polygons process and seismic Mixer have been enhanced
with the following new usability features:
• The arrow doubles as a tooltip, listing the valid objects for the drop site.
• You can click on the magnifier icon to see a list of valid objects in the project.
• Typing in the drop site performs a search for valid objects in the project.
Petrel Search
Petrel search (Ctrl-F) in 2015.1 has been extended to include commands and window modes in the search result and
directly launch them from there. The search has been optimized to return faster and more targeted search result
based on the input.
• Search results now include Processes, Commands and Tools.
• Additional keyboard controls are available (Ctrl+Up/Down, PgUp/PgDn) for the navigation of the search results
list.

Players
The Players dialog can now be customized to include all the players you are working with. The player sections can
be collapsed when you are not working with them.
Figure 91: The Players dialog contains only the players you add. Player sections can be collapsed.
Full screen mode

• Full screen mode (F11) now also minimizes the Ribbon.
• A modified Full screen mode (Shift+F11) is provided, which unpins the Explorer panes rather than hiding them
Data management perspective

A new Data management perspective has been created to draw together the tabs containing the Input/Output,
Quality control and Monitoring/Reporting functions.

Technology: Guru
2015.5
Guru Quality reporting: New test templates
New to Petrel 2015.5 are an additional 28 test templates designed to carry out quality assurance, tracking, auditing,
and reporting on key data objects and interpretations across the full Petrel workflow.
The new test templates include data validation checks for migration from Petrel into Studio, image rich quality checks
of seismic, seismic horizon, 3D grids, structural frameworks, volumetric cases, and general image capture tests on
any suite of properties on any type of data object.
These test templates are available to import into any Petrel project. To access the templates, select Import
templates from the ‘Quick access toolbar’.

3D pillar grid test templates
Enhancements to the comprehensive suite of test templates for 3D grids, including 3D grid-well penetration QC and
grid property bulls-eye analysis.
• Grid-well penetration QC will critically examine the interactions between wells and the provided 3D grid,
showing the distribution of wells that intersect the 3D grid, which zone and faults they intersect.

• Grid property bulls-eye test template analyzes if a 3D grid property has localized distortions associated
with wells. The test shows the clustering of local minima and maxima values of the 3D grid property relative
to the wells penetrating the supplied grid.

Volumetric case test templates
For a provided volumetric case, the volumetric case QC test template will perform an examination of the volumetric
case results, including bulk volume, net volume, pore volume, and hydrocarbon volume shown per zone on the
overlying grid horizon, as well as reporting key statistics.

Studio test templates
Four test templates designed to critically evaluate and assess the key attributes of wells and seismic data that are
stored within the Petrel project before being transferred to Studio 2015.
• Well headers, paths and logs within a Petrel project are accessed to see if they conform to a set of
editable standards and criteria, resulting in a summary report illustrating their status.
• Seismic data location test template will perform a simple check to see if seismic is being stored
internally within the Petrel project.

Structural framework test templates
A new suite of test templates that will assess the quality of structural and fault frameworks. Examining input
interpretation horizons and faults, as well as characterizing their modeled geometries.

Sequential capture test templates
Two sequential image capture test templates have also been introduced to 2015.5 – capture seismic sections and
basemaps and capture multiple properties from any data object type (for example, seismic attributes, grid properties,
fault properties).
• Capture seismic section test template will step through a seismic cube in either inline or crossline
orientations at a prescribed step increment in a pre-configured Intersection or Interpretation window,
capturing high resolution images, which can either be outputted to disk or included in a summary report.

• Capture multiple properties test template will capture images of a pre-configured window, sequentially
turning on properties, functions or attributes from a supplied folder. Images can either be outputted to disk
or included in a summary report.
2015.1
Petrel Guru

You can search the standard online Help and the premium Guru content via the same interface with improved search
results and filtering functionality.
Petrel Guru and the Help center have been integrated in Petrel 2015. The Help center search has been improved to
return more relevant results for a given search term. With the Guru license, both the standard online Help and the
premium Guru content can be searched from the same interface. Filters such as ‘Domain’ and ‘Page type’ can be
applied to both the standard online Help and the premium Guru content.
Accessing Petrel Guru

If you open Petrel Guru from the Petrel Classic interface, the Ribbon-based content is displayed. To display the menu-
based help in the Petrel Classic interface, from the help menu, choose Classic Help center. This version of the content
is not installed automatically with Petrel; you must choose to install it when installing Petrel.
From the ‘Help center icon’ in the tab toolbar or by pressing F1 on the keyboard.
From the ‘Right-click context menu’ on objects in the windows or panes, or hover over items in the Domain tab and
press F1 on the keyboard.


Petrel Guru features
• Improved search results for the standard online Help
• Search both the standard online Help and the premium Guru content from the same interface.
• Apply Filters such as ‘Domain’ and ‘Page type’ to both the standard online Help and the premium Guru content.

Guru Quality reporting
The Quality reporting tools allow you to carry out quality assurance, tracking, guidance, auditing and reporting at all
steps of the Petrel workflow.
Guru Quality reporting provides a testing and reporting framework. You can import a library of tests or create your
own custom tests. Tests can be applied to all aspects of Petrel, to any data object type in any part of the Petrel
workflow and be written in any language.
Accessing Guru Quality reporting

From the ‘Quick access toolbar’.

From the Quality Control domain tab in the Data Management user perspective.
Guru Quality reporting features

• The Test and report manager allows you to efficiently store and access tests and reports and view results as
well as calibrate and run tests. You can also import libraries of tests and view the nature of any particular test.
• The Create custom template allows you to create new tests using the Quality reporting worksteps and provide
detailed or general information on the test.
• Reports are automatically generated. Using the data supplied into the test and the calculations defined in the
test, the Quality reporting tool captures images and statistics associated with the test to automatically produce a

Quality report.
• Reports can be automatically shared or saved as Word or HTML documents, as well as printed and edited.

Technology: Gridding
2015.2
Structural grid segmentation
In 2015.2, the usability of the stairstepped grid for Geomodeling and Reservoir Engineering workflows has been
improved through the default creation of two properties, instead of one, during the grid creation. The two properties
are called Regions and FaultBlock. The Regions property is the same as the 2015.1 default Regions property. The
FaultBlock property represents 3D isolated regions that are bounded by unconformities and faults.
Regions and FaultBlock properties are created by default for each grid; these are useful for understanding grid
segmentation. These properties act, to some extent, as the 3D equivalent of pillar grid segments, and should be used
in downstream workflows such as, property modeling, specifying contact and fluid regions, volume calculation, and
for selecting regions for sector modeling.

The fault block boundary option in the Structural gridding dialog controls the creation of the FaultBlock property. By
default, blocks are bounded by unconformities and faults; therefore, all conformable horizons are unticked in the
dialog.
Note: The division of the model into fault block is calculated in 3D. Therefore, you need to ensure a complete 3D
isolation of your Structural Framework inputs (that is, faults intersecting the boundary horizons entirely and the Fault
network is completely sealed). This is where adding intermediate boundary horizons can help achieve the
segmentation for which you are looking.
You can modify the selection to have a refined or coarsened grid segmentation represented by the FaultBlock
property. The first and last horizon will always be taken into consideration, regardless of the selection status. The
Regions property is generated as though all horizons had been selected as Fault block boundaries.

Figure 92: Same J Section of Gullfaks model showing the Regions (left) and default FaultBlock (right) properties

Tick or untick horizons to modify the FaultBlock property in order to either combine regions from multiple adjacent
zones, or to further split your model into several zones. For a structural model that has been built with a fine zonation
to match well tops, for example, you can create a more suitable initial FaultBlock property for downstream use by
selection of those conformal horizons that define the boundaries between the major zones in your reservoir.
NB: If the selection would produce identical Regions and FaultBlock properties, only the Regions property will be
created.
You can also create different segmentations of your structural grid after the grid has been created by creating
alternative region properties using the two default properties together with suitable property and zone filters in the
Property Calculator.


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Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 8 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 9 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 10 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 11 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 12 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 13 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 14 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 15 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 16 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 17 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 18 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 19 1 March 2016

Contextual tab for editable triangle mesh object

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 20 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 21 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

A locally cached seismic volume is post-fixed [Disk Cached].

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 22 1 March 2016

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 23 1 March 2016

• A ribbon in the Operations group of the Seismic objects contextual tab

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 24 1 March 2016

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 25 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 26 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 27 1 March 2016

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 28 1 March 2016

Figure 1: New Simplified sphere style display for 3D horizon interpretation

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 29 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 30 1 March 2016

Schlumberger Private – Customer Use

Distinctive features of the Mixer

Petrel Platform What’s New Guide 2015 31 1 March 2016

Petrel 2015 What's New

Petrel 2015 What's New