CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY keeping w.

1.1 Understanding chemistry and its importance

 Explain the meaning of chemistry

 List some common chemicals used in daily life,
 State the uses of common chemicals in daily life,
 List examples of occupations that require the knowledge of chemistry
 List chemical-based industries In Malaysia,
 Describe the contribution of chemical-based industries in Malaysia

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1. Meaning of chemistry
What is chemistry ?
 the study of the composition, structure, properties and interactions of matter.

2. Common chemicals and their uses in daily life

3. Occupations that require the knowledge of chemistry

What career related with chemistry ?
 Biochemist /Chemical engineer /Cosmetic scientist /Doctor /Food technology
/Pharmacist / laboratory assistant

4. Chemical-based industries In Malaysia and their contribution

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY keeping w.
1.2 Synthesising scientific method

 Identify variables in a given situation.

 Identify the relationship between two variables to form a hypothesis
 Design and carry out a simple experiment to test the hypothesis, record and present data in a suitable form
 Interpret data to draw a conclusion
 Write a report of investigation
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Scientific Method - a systematic method used to solve problems in science

Observation → inference (smart guess) → identify problem →making hypothesis →

identify & control variables → carry out experiment → collect data → interprets data → lab report

Laboratory experiment report

1. Problem statement : question form [why/which/What/How/Is..?]
 Examples:
No Pattern
A) Is alloy harder than pure metal?
B) Does higher temperature results a higher rate of reaction?
C) How the presence of other metal affects the rusting rate of an iron nail?

2. Hypothesis: make a general statement

 Examples:
No Pattern
A) A is …….. than B
B) The A ………, the B ………
C) When A ………., it will …….
When B ………., it will …….
Example
Alloy is harder than pure metal
The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction.
When the iron nail coiled with a metal which is more
electropositive, it will not rust.
When the iron nail coiled with a metal which is less
electropositive, it will rust faster.

3. Variables:
Manipulated Change in experiment
Responding Result of the experiment
Constant No changes during experiment

4. Apparatus : instrument used (can be reused)

5. Materials : chemical used (mass /concentration / volume stated)(discard after used)
 Examples:
A) solution : 200cm3 of 0.1mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
B) solid : 2g of zinc powder
C) liquid : 2cm3 bromine water / 20cm3 distilled water
6. Procedures : passive sentences

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7. Results :
 Quantitative [tabulate data in table form (correct unit and decimal place)]
MV / unit
RV / unit

 Qualitative [describe observation in sentence]

8. Interpreting data: inference / explanations / chemistry equation / calculation/ graph

9. Conclusion : hypothesis accepted / rejected

1.3 Incorporate scientific attitudes and values in conducting scientific

investigations

 Identify scientific attitudes and values practiced by scientists in carrying out investigations,
 Practice scientific attitudes and values in conducting scientific investigations

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Enrichment Exercises

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