SAN BEDA ALABANG

School of Law

ELECTION LAWS SYLLABUS

Atty. Gallant D. Soriano, MNSA

CHAP. I - GENERAL PRINCIPLES

A. Definition of Terms

1. Election
2. Suffrage

001. Garchitorena vs. Crescini, G.R. No. L-14514, Dec. 18, 1918
002. GMA Network vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205357, Sept. 2, 2014

B. Scope of Suffrage

1. Election
2. Plebiscite
3. Referendum
4. Initiative
5. Recall

C. Kinds of Election

1. General
2. Special

D. Philippine Election System

E. Theories on Suffrage

1. Universal Theories
2. Philippine Theory

F. Constitutional Provisions on Suffrage (Comparative)

G. Requisites for the Exercise of Suffrage

1. Qualified - Art.V, Sec. 1, 1987 Constitution

2. Not Disqualified - Sec. 118, B.P. 881 (O.E.C.)
3. Registered in Voters List - Sec. 10, B.P. 8189 (V.R.A.); Sec. 6(2), B.P. 9189 (O.A.V.A.); Sec. 4, B.P. 881 (O.E.C.)
4. No Further Qualification - (Sec. 1, Art.V, Constitution)

003. Maquera vs. Borra, G.R. No. L-24761, Sept. 7, 1965

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CHAP. II - QUALIFICATION & REGISTRATION OF VOTERS

A. Qualification for Suffrage:

1. Section 1, Article V, 1987 Constitution;

2. Section 117, B.P. 881 (Omnibus Election Code)
3. Section 9, R.A. 8189 (Voters Registration Act of 1996)

004. Macalintal vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 157013, July 3, 2003

005. Nicolas-Lewis vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 162759, August 4, 2006

B. Disqualifications from Voting - (Sec. 11, R.A. 8189 (Voters Registration Act)

C. Registration

1. Definition - (Sec.3(a), R.A. 8189 - V.R.A.)

2. Rationale -
3. Necessity - (Sec. 115, B.P. 881)
4. Duty to Register - (Sec. 4, B.P. 881)
5. Procedure - Sec. 115, B.P. 881; Sec. 3, R.A. 8189; R.A. 10367

006. Yra vs. Abano, G.R. No. 30187, November 15, 1928
007. Aportadera vs. Sotto, G.R. No. L-16876, November 30, 1961
008. Akbayan Youth vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066, March 26, 2001

CHAP. III - CHALLENGE, INCLUSION, EXCLUSION

A. Challenge to Right to Register - (Sec. 136, B.P. 881); (Sec. 18, R.A. 8189)

1. Who may challenge

2. Requirements and procedure
3. Opposition to challenge

B. Petition for Inclusion - (Sec. 139, B.P. 881); (Sec. 34 R.A. 8189)

1. Who may file

2. Requirements
3. When to file, where to file, when to decide appeal

009. Velasco vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 180051, Dec. 24, 2008

C. Petition for Exclusion - (Sec. 142, B.P. 881); (Sec. 35, R.A. 8189)

1. Who may file

2. Requirements
3. When to file, where to file, when to decide appeal

010. Asistio vs. Aguirre, .R. No. 191124, Apr. 27, 2010

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D. Annulment of Book of Voters - Sec. 145, B.P. 881; Sec. 39, R.A. 8189; Sec. 10, R.A. 7166

1. Who may file

2. Requirements
3. Where and when to file
4. Grounds
5. Limitation

011. Ututalum vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 84843-44, Jan. 22, 1990

CHAP. IV - QUALIFICATIONS AND DISQUALIFICATIONS

A. Definition of Terms

1. Qualifications
2. Disqualifications
3. Candidate

B. Qualifications of Candidates for National Elective Offices

1. President / Vice-President - Sec. 2, Art.VII, 1987 Constitution

2. Senate - Sec. 3, Art.VI, 1987 Constitution
3. House of Representatives - Sec. 6, Art.VI 1987 Constitution

C. Qualifications of Candidates for Local Elective Offices

1. Governor / Vice-Governor - Sec. 39, R.A. 7160

2. Mayor of (HUC) - Sec. 39, R.A. 7160
3. Mayor / Vice-Mayor (City) - Sec. 39, R.A. 7160
4. SP and SB - Sec. 39, R.A. 7160

1. Citizenship Requirement:

012. Labo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 86564, August 1, 1989

013. Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996

2. Residence Requirement:

014. Romualdez-Marcos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, Sept. 18, 1995
015. Aquino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120265, September 18, 1995
016. Mitra vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 191938, July 2, 2010
017. Rommel Jalosjos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 191970, April 24, 2012
018. Svetlana Jalosjos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 193314, Feb. 26, 2013

D. Disqualifications

1. Under the Omnibus Election Code - (Sec. 12, B.P. 811)

2. Under the Local Government Code - Sec. 40, R.A. 7160)

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a. those sentenced by final judgment for an offense involving moral turpitude.

019. Dela Torre vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 121592, July 5, 1996
020. Villaber vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 148326, Nov. 15, 2001

b. those sentenced by final judgment for an offense punishable by 1 year or more of

imprisonment, within 2 years after serving sentence.

021. Moreno vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 168550, Aug. 10, 2006
022. Dominador Jalosjos Jr. vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 193237, October 9, 2012
023. Risos- Vidal vs. Comelec and Joseph Estrada, G.R. No. 206666, Jan. 21, 2015

c. those removed from office as a result of an administrative case.

024. Grego vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 125955, June 19, 1997
025. Reyes vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120905, March 7, 1996

d. those with dual citizenship

026. Mercado vs. Manzano, G.R. No. 135083, May 26, 1999
027. Lopez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 182701, July 23, 2008
028. Sobejana-Condon. vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 198742, Aug. 10, 2012
029. Maquiling vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, Apr. 16, 2013
030. Agustin vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 207105, Nov. 10, 2015

e. fugitives from justice in criminal and non-political case here and abroad.

031. Rodriguez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120099, July 24, 1996

f. permanent residents in foreign country or those who have acquired the right to
reside abroad.

032. Caasi vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88831, November 8, 1990

g. one who has violated Sec. 80 (campaign period); Sec. 83 (removal, destruction of
lawful election propaganda); Sec. 86 (regulation of propaganda through mass media)

033. Pangkat Laguna vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 148075, Feb. 4, 2002

h. one who spent in his election campaign an amount in excess of that allowed by
law.

034. Ejercito vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 212398, Nov. 25, 2014

E. Remedies for Questioning the Qualifications of a Candidate

1. Before Election - (Sec. 78, B.P. 811) - Petition to deny due course to or cancel a
certificate of candidacy. ground - material representation in the COC

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035. Loong vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 93986, December 22, 1992

2. After Election - (Sec. 253, B.P. 811) - quo warranto; ground - ineligibility or disloyalty

036. Gonzales vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 192856, March 8, 2011

F. Effect of a Disqualification Case

037. Cayat vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 163776, April 24, 2007

CHAP. V - CERTIFICATE OF CANDIDACY

A. Definition of Terms

1. Candidate - (Sec. 79, B.P. 881)

2. Certificate of Candidacy - (Sec. 73, B.P. 881)
3. Requirements - (Sec. 73, B.P. 881)
4. Contents - (Sec. 74, B.P. 881)

038. De Guzman vs. Board of Canvassers, G.R. No. L-24721, Nov. 3, 1925
039. Jurilla vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 105435, June 2, 1994
040. Amora vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 192280, Jan. 25, 2011

B. Filing of Certificate of Candidacy

1. Person Holding Public Appointive Position - (Sec. 66, B.P. 881)

041. PNOC-EDC vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 100947, May 31, 1993

2. Person Holding Public Elective Position - (Sec. 67, B.P. 881)

042. Quinto vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 189698, February 22, 2010

3. Effect of Filing of Certificate of Candidacy Re Partisan Political Activity

043. Lanot vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 164858, Nov. 16, 2006
044. Penera vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 181613, Nov. 25, 2009

C. Filing of Two Certificates of Candidacy

1. General Rule - (Sec. 73, B.P. 881)

2. Exception - (Sec. 73, B.P. 881)

045. Loreto-Go vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147741, May 10, 2001

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D. Death, Disqualification, Withdrawal of a Candidate

1. Events - (Sec. 77, B.P. 881)

2. Who - (Sec. 77, B.P. 881)
3. When - (Sec. 77, B.P. 881)
4. Remedy - (Sec. 77, B.P. 881)
5. Substitute Candidate Defined

046. Monsale vs. Nico, G.R. No. L-2539, May 28, 1949
047. Pontawe vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-59343, April 24, 1985
048. Villanueva vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-54718, December 4, 1985
049. Miranda vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 136351, July 28, 1999
050. Papandayan vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147909, April 16, 2002
051. Luna vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 165983, Apr. 24, 2007
052. Tagolino vs. HRET, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013
053. Cerafica vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205136, December 2, 2014

E. Duty of the Comelec

1. Officers Mentioned - (Sec. 76, B.P. 881)

2. Nature of Duty - (Sec. 76, B.P. 881)

054. Abcede vs. Imperial, G.R. No. 147741, May 10, 2001
055. Cipriano vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 158830, Aug. 10, 2004

F. Denial or Cancellation of Certificate of Candidacy

1. Procedure - (Sec. 78, B.P. 881)

2. Ground - (Sec. 78, B.P. 881)
3. Where to file - (Sec. 78, B.P. 881)
4. When to file - (Sec. 78, B.P. 881)
5. Decision - (Sec. 78, B.P. 881)

056. Garvida vs. Sales, G.R. No. 122872, Sep. 10, 1997
057. Loong vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133676, April 14, 1999

CHAP. VI - CAMPAIGN, PROPAGANDA, CONTRIBUTIONS, EXPENSES

A. Election Campaign or Political Partisan Activity

1. Campaign - (Sec. 79, B.P. 881)

2. Included - (Sec. 79, B.P. 881)
3. Not Included - (Sec. 79, B.P. 881)
4. Prohibited Acts - (Secs. 80, 81, 83, 89, B.P. 881)

058. Pangkat Laguna vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 148075, February 4, 2002
059. Lanot vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 164858, Nov. 16, 2006
060. Penera vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 181613, Nov. 25, 2009

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B. Election Propaganda

1. Lawful Election Propaganda - Sec. 82, B.P. 881; Sec. 3, R.A. 9006 (FEA)

2. Prohibited Election Propaganda - (Sec. 85, B.P. 881)

061. Adiong vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 103956, March 31, 1992
062. ABS-CBN vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 133486, Jan. 28, 2000
063. SWS vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 147571, May 5, 2001
064. Chavez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 162777, Aug. 31, 2004
065. Garcia vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 170256, Jan. 25, 2010
066. Ejercito vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 212398, Nov. 25, 2014

C. Contributions and Expenses

1. Contribution - (Sec. 94(a), B.P. 881)

2. Expenditure - (Sec. 94(b), B.P. 881)
3. Person - (Sec. 94(b), B.P. 881)
4. Limitations on Expenses - (Sec. 13, R.A. 7166 -S.E.A.)
5. Prohibited Contributions - (Secs. 95, 96, 97, B.P. 881)
6. Lawful Expenditures - (Sec. 102, B.P. 881)
4. Statement of Contribution and Expense - (Sec. 14, R.A. 7166, F.E.A.)

067. Pilar vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 115245, July 11, 1995

CHAP. VII - BOARD OF ELECTION INSPECTOR & WATCHERS

1. Board of Election Inspectors (BEI)

A. Composition of the BEI - Sec. 3, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369

B. Qualifications and Disqualifications
C. Powers

2. Watchers

A. Official Watchers of Candidates - (Sec. 178, B.P. 881)

B. Other Watchers - (Sec. 180, B.P. 881)
C. Qualifications of Watchers - (Sec. 178, B.P. 881)
D. Rights and Duties of Watchers - (Sec. 179, B.P. 881)

CHAP. VIII - CASTING OF VOTES

A. Ballot

1. Authentication of ballot - (Sec. 24, R.A. 7166 S.E.A.)

2. Failure to authenticate - (Sec. 24, R.A. 7166 S.E.A.)

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068. Libanan vs. HRET, G.R. No. 129783, Dec. 22, 1997
069. Punzalan vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 126669,  April 27, 1998

B. Procedure in Voting - (Sec. 18, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

1. Challenge of Illegal Voter

1. Who may challenge - (Sec. 199, B.P. 881)

2. Who may be challenge - (Sec. 199, B.P. 881)
3. Grounds - (Sec. 199, B.P. 881)
4. Other grounds - (Sec. 200, B.P. 881)
5. Procedure - (Sec. 200, B.P. 881)
6. Records of Challenges and Oaths - (Sec. 202, B.P. 881)

2. Illiterate and Disabled Voter

1. Rule - (Sec. 196, B.P. 881)

2. Requisite - (Sec. 196, B.P. 881)
3. Limitation - (Sec. 196, B.P. 881)

C. Closing of Polls - (Sec. 19, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

D. Notice of Designation of Counting Centers - (Sec. 20 R.A. 8436, as amended by

R.A. 9369)

E. Counting Procedure - (Sec. 21, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

1. Electronic Returns - (Sec. 22, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

F. Random Manual Audit - (Sec. 29, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

G. Manual Elections; Procedure for Counting - (Sec. 210-211, B.P. 881)

1. Procedure - (Sec. 206 B.P. 881)

2. Manner of Counting - (Sec. 25, R.A. 7166)
3. Appreciation of Ballots

a. General Rule
b. Other basic rules

070. Villagracia vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 168296, Jan. 31, 2006

H. Election Returns

1. Preparation
2. Result of Election
3. Certificate of Votes

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CHAP. IX - CANVASS AND PROCLAMATION

A. Composition of Board of Canvassers

1. Provincial
2. City
3. Municipal

B. Prohibitions on Members of the Board

C. Canvassing by Board of Canvassers (Provincial, City, District, Municipal)

D. National Board of Canvassers (Senators and Party-list Representatives) - (Sec. 27,

R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

E. Congress as National Board of Canvassers (President and Vice-President) - (Sec.

28, R.A. 8436, as amended by R.A. 9369)

F. Authentication of Electronically Transmitted Election Results - (Sec. 30, R.A. 8436,

as amended by R.A. 9369)

G. Duty of the Board of Canvassers

071. Guiao vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-68056, July 5, 1985

H. Manual Elections: Procedure for Canvass and Proclamation - (Sec. 25, R.A. 6646;
Secs. 28-30, R.A. 7166; Sec. 225, 232, B.P. 881)

CHAP. X - PRE-PROCLAMATION CONTROVERSY

A. Definiton - (Sec. 241, B.P. 881)

B. Purpose

C. Rationale

D. General Rule - (Sec. 16, R.A. 7166; S.E.L.)

E. Exception - (Sec. 15, R.A. 7166)

F. Exception to exception - (Sec. 15, R.A. 7166)

G. Characteristics

072. Lagumbay vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-25444, January 31, 1966
073. Villamor vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 169865, July 1, 2006

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CHAP. XI - ELECTION CONTEST

A. Jurisdiction of Election Contest

074. Galido vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 95346, January 18, 1991
075. Alvarez vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 142527, March 1, 2001

B. Definition of Terms

1. Election Contest
2. Election Protest
3. Quo Warranto

C. Election Protest

1. Grounds
2. Issue
3. Requisites

076. Rosal vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 168253, Mar. 16, 2007
077. Sema vs. HRET, G.R. No. 190734, Mar. 26, 2010
078. Vinzons-Chato vs. HRET, G.R. No. 199149, Jan. 22, 2013
079. Maliksi vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 203302, March 12, 2013

D. Quo Warranto

1. Definition
2. Requisites

080. Sampayan vs. Daza, G. R. No. 103903, September 11, 1992

081. Frivaldo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996

3. Quo Warranto (Elective Office vs. Appointive Office)

082. Maquiling vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 195649, April 16, 2013

CHAP. XII - ELECTION OFFENSES

A. Aspects of Election Offense

1. Criminal Aspect
2. Electoral Aspect

083. Sunga vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 125629, March 25, 1998

B. Enumeration of Election Offenses

084. People vs. Ferrer, G.R. No. L-8957, April 29, 1957

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085. Mappala vs. Judge Nunez, A.M. No. RTJ-94-1208, Jan. 26, 1995
086. People vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 115022, August 14, 1995
087. Orceo vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 190779, Mar. 26, 2010
088. Causing vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 199139, Sept. 9, 2014

C. Characteristics of Election Offenses

089. De Jesus vs. People, G.R. No. L-61998, February 22, 1983
090. People vs. Bayona, G.R. No. L-42288, February 16, 1935

D. Jurisdiction over Election Offenses

091. BANAT vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 177508, Aug. 7, 2009

092. Arroyo vs. DOJ, G.R. No. 199082, July 23, 2013

-END-

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