Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture

Prof. Mrs. Vatsala Misra

Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Lecture-11
Itsu Kanpur e kimashita ka When did you come to Kanpur?

(FL) everyone and welcome to the class well are you ready to today for the class are you ready to
learn Japanese well we have done a lot of things in our previous classes. We have learnt a lot of
articles lot of vocabulary lot of verbs. In our last class we did verbs forms and mass end forms.
So, well today we will do (FL) form which is the past tense of the verb and also with that we will
do new particles again some new vocabulary for you.

And some (FL) characters here in the class right away but before that I would like to ask you one
thing have you done your homework have you done the assignment I given you well then you
can check them right away whether what you have done is right or not.
(Refer Slide Time: 01:20)

So, here we are the first assignment was write kanji characters for the underlined words. So, the
words are here you have done these kanji characters in previous classes. It is just revision with
what you have done in your previous class. So, please you can see Kawakami is a name, Tanaka
is also a name, Mikan wa ni-hyaku-go-ju-en desu ni-hyaku-go-ju-en the next one I skyo wa getsu
yo-bi desu getsu is over here which means month.
You have already done check it out roku-ju-san sai roku-ju-san sai ki ki ookii, Nihon-go kurasu
way o-ji kara desu Nihan is what yours suppose to write yp-ji, ima gogo ichi-ji desu gogo Kore
wa watashi no hon desu. So you can see ki and hon are very similar all you need to do is cut the
ki and hon is made.
(Refer Slide Time: 03:16)

Well the next assignment is a (FL) a simple one match group A with group B so, you can see if
you done it properly over here Maekawa otona, otona means (FL) gogo, juppun, kazan hatsuka,
hatsuka you will see is the twentieth and you will not say (FL). But hatsaka for twentieth that is
an exception so, please remember that hyaku-en, nihon, tsuki, hondana, hondana is a book shelf
kawa and hito. So, well this was your assignment two you can check it
(Refer Slide Time: 04:54)
Well this assignment is there are lot of pictures and you would practice with your partner ask
about is daily schedule or tell him about your daily schedule. So, well look at the picture see
what is doing it says (FL) the (FL) okimasu the exercise is for you to practice verbs (FL)
okimasu unless A.M is given over here (FL) okimasu. Then you have him study so what is it
(FL) kaisha e ikimasu.

So, well over here he could be studying or working in office. So, he says (FL) kaisha e ikimasu I
go to office at 8 clock. And then (FL) or through our lectures id eating over here so, well (FL)
hiru-gohan tabemasu and because P.M is given so, well (FL) added. Then you have him drinking
tea or coffee so, let us see what it is (FL) P.M is given (FL) kocha o nomimasu nomimasu for
drinking and (FL) is for time.

So, always after time (FL) will be added and kocha of course is tea and then we have (FL) going
back home what time is it (FL) nchi e kaerimasu (FL) nchi e kaerimasu. And then again eating
food and this would be dinner time dinner. So, well (FL) ban gohan o tabemasu and then he is
watching TV so, well (FL) terebi o mimasu and again P.M could be added. And then the clock
says 11 o clock over here.

It is showing time so, we can say (FL) nemas so, this is how you have your schedule you can ask
your friend (FL) nemasu (FL) and any of the things that are listed over here.
(Refer Slide Time: 08:23)

Now there was an other assignment this is a picture over here of (FL) we say doing a lot of
things. So, let us see what he is doing or people different people over here or doing. So, the first
one is this over here of course this is a single picture with we can take it is two for practice. And
the first one is tabako o suimasu tabako is cigrattes or (FL) o suimasu so, smoking a (FL) then
the second one is (FL) eiga o mimasu he is watching a film. Then we have hon o yomimasu
yomimasu is read.

Then ongaku o kikimasu kikimasu is liten ongaku is music as you can see from the picture. And
then we have (FL) we call him he has guitar in his hand. He is playing the guitar so, gita-o
hikimasu which is hikimasu is play and then we have this boy or (FL) again playing with foot
ball asobimasu asobimasu is play. And then we have arukimasu which is walk or ikimasu means
(FL) so, you have verbs listed over here different verbs. You can look at the picture and practice
this with your partner.
(Refer Slide Time: 10:18)
You can see over here
(Refer Slide Time: 10:22)

When did you come to Kanpur when when of couse you know is itsu did you come to Kanpur
itsu Kanpur A kimashuta ka you have done verbs in masu form which is presentand masen which
is negative and present as well. So, well iki masu and iki and masen. So, remove the masu and
put masen for negative now iki mashita remove the masen and put mashita for past tense. So, in a
similar manner kimasu kimasu kimasen and kimashita.

This is fast for two come you can practice all the other verbs is well in a similar manner. So, over
here this is what we are going to do today. We are going to practice verbs in past tense well listen
to this dialogue now and see how much you can understand from the dialogue. And after that we
will do it right here in class.
(Refer Slide Time: 12:08)

(FL) so, well

(Refer Slide Time: 12:54)

I am show you could make out that the dialogue was between two people over here you can see
who those two are Rao san and tanaka san rao san is asking Tanaka san a lot of things. So,, well
we will see what he is asking him I will just read the dialogue right a way and then explain
tanaka san itsu kanpuru e kimaashita ka kyo nen kimashita Deri kara densha de kimashita ka Iie
hikaki de kimashita Hikoki de Deri kara Kanpuru made ichi-ji kan desu ne.
Hai ichi-ji-kan kakarimasu indo no seikatsu wa do desu ka watashi wa daijobu desu Shitsurei
desu ga, nihon-jin wa o-hashi de tabemasu ne. Are wa Aa are mo daijobu desu. So, well there are
a lot of new words over here and there is verb in past tenses well anda few you can see
expressions also. So, we will discuss them right a way over here tanaka san itsu Kanpuru e
kimashita ka.
(Refer Slide Time: 14:22)

Now we have done ikumasu which means go go somewhere then you have also done this wa
verb kaerimasu which means to return now there is a new verb over here kimasu. These two
verbs rin group 1 this is in group 3 of the verb division well this is a new verb over here kimasu.
This is when you go somewhere ikimasu this is when you return as I told you earlier either to
your home or to your country or to wherever you are staying at that time.

Now this verb also means come and you will use this verb when you present at that point as over
here tanaka san is present in Kanpur he is here. Rao san is also here in Kanpur so, then what does
he say tanaka san itsu Kanpuru e kimashita ka when did you come to Kanpur and not when did
you go to Kanpur. Please remember this is very very important when you are present at a certain
point. When you are talking about that place then always kimasu is used.
Tanaka san says kyo nen kimashta I came last year Deri kara densha de kimashita ka you have
done this particle they earlier in one of the previous lessons for mode of transport particle they
densha de kimashita Rao says Deri kara densha de kimashita ka did you come by train Iie hikaki
de kimashita I came by plane Hikoki de Deri kara Kanpur made ichi-ji kan desu ka now this is
new word for you used with time meaning sparn meaning time period.

Time spent over a certain activity ichi-ji kan over here we will do this practice this a little later
hai ichi-ji kan kakrimasu kakarimasu is it takes that much time. Hai ichi-ji-kan kakarikasu it
takes 1 hour indo no seikatsu wa do desu ka how do you find living in India watashi wa daijobu
desu oh it is alright with me Shitsurei desu ga Nihon-jin wa o-hashi de tabemasu ne again simple
phrase which we have done earlier.

Shitsurei desu ga I am sorry for asking so, directly but nihon-jin wa o-hashi de tabemasu ne o-
hashi is chopsticks de tabemasu ne. So, this particle de over here is what we have going to do
this is similar to this one densha de but usage is a little different over here densha de when it is
used it is for mode of transport hashi de when it is used. When you perform in activity with a
help of something.

So, hashi de tabemasu I eat with the help of chopsticks Are wa and he leaves the question
incomplete Aa are mo daijobu desu oh I am alright with that also. So, now we will practice all o
fit that we have done here.
(Refer Slide Time: 18:44)
This is of course written in descript
(Refer Slide Time: 18:49)

And the translation or explanation is in English

(Refer Slide Time: 18:58)
Now as I just told you we have done verbs in negative and present form today we will do verbs
in past form now look at this sentence Watasi wa Delhi e ikimasu I will go to delhi or I am about
to go to Delhi for the negative of course as I told you it is watashi wa Delhi e ikimasen I will not
go to Delhi now for the past tense how will you use it as I told you over here ikimasu ikimasen
an of course once you remove masen.

For past you can put ikimashita so, watashi wa Delhi e ikimashita I went to Delhi now you have
done time expressions like (FL).
(Refer Slide Time: 20:10)
(FL) so, you can use all these ototoi, senshu, kyo hen, kino you can use all these and say
watashwa ototoi Deri a ikimashita watashiwa senshu deri a ikimashita watashiwa kyonen Deri a
ikimashita or you could say watashiwa kino deri a ikimashita instead of watashiwa. Again you
can practice this again over here you can use any the vocabulary that you have done. For
example you could say Tanaka san or Tomodachi sensei.

Tananka san wa ototoi Deri a ikimashita Tomodachi wa kyonen Deri a ikimashita Sensei wa kino
Deri a ikimashita and of course Deri you can again you can change the name of the place and
make new sentences with that. So, this is how mashita is going to be used you can replace the
verb also later on.
(Refer Slide Time: 21:51)

Well you could practice the verbs with new over here ikimashita, kaerimashita, tabemashita,
nomimashita, yomimashita, nemashita benkyo shimashita all the verbs that you have done in
mash form and mashen form. You can now practice those in mashita form.
(Refer Slide Time: 22:51)
Now you can see something on your screens over here tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made
nemashita.
(Refer Slide Time: 23:03)

Oto sen wa 10:00 kara 12:00 made hataraki mashita Otosan wa 10:00 kara 12:00 made hataraki
mashita. So, you can use time like this and use the verb in mashita form. For example otosan wa
9:00 kara 10:00 made shinbun o yomimashita shinnbun o yomimashita. So, Otosan wa are sensei
wa 9:00 kara 10:00 made shinbun o yomimashita. So, you can practice like this way time from a
certain time till a certain time some activities was performed.
Tanaka san wa 9:00 kara 11:30-ji made nemashita Tanaka san wa 11:00 kara 5:00 made
nemashita Tanaka san wa 1:00 kara 6:00 made mashita and of corse with time as we have done a
number of times you can also use gozen and gogo. And practice with your partner.
(Refer Slide Time: 25:14)

Also now what you can do is as you can see over here tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made
nemashita is what we did last time. You can change the verb over here Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara
10-ji made kikimashita, Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made mimashita, tanaka san wa 8-ji kara
10-ji made mimashita, Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made yomimashita, tanaka san wa 8-ji kara
10-ji kara made shimashita.

But these do not seem complete some how so, what did they do from 8 o clock till 10 o clock
kikimashita but what did they listen. So, well what you can do now is Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara
10-ji made ongaku kikimashta that is how you can put it you have done particle o also last time.
So, you can put it over here again you can try Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made terbi o
mimashita terebi is television terebi o mimashita mimashita is to see.

Once again Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made shinbun o yomimashita shinbun is newspaper
yomimashita to read. Once again Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara 10-ji made shukudai o shimashita
shikudai is homework shimashita shimash is to do. So, shimashita is did Tanaka san wa 8-ji kara
10-ji made shukudai o shimashita. So, you can practice like this later on and also of course you
can again add gozen and gogo befor time and practice with your partner.

Revise your verbs like this learn your verbs like this learn the new vocabulary learn to use
particle o learn to use particles kara and made. And verb in past form again we are going to
practice verbs in past form so, over here there are few pictures for you.
(Refer Slide Time: 27:58)

Look at the pictures and ask what they did yesterday (FL) shigoto shimashita so, you can ask
these question from this time till this time what did he do well from this time to this time
whatever is in the picture. Whatever you can see in the picture try to say that we will practice the
second one is well well from 9 till a 11:30 Tanaka san wan (FL) tanaka san wa (FL)
benkyoshimashita.

So, well he is readind so, you can say benkyoshimashita benkyoshimashita is one more for you
(FL). So, you can give this person over here a name it could be tanaka san or (FL) or any other
name you want to put so, Rao san wa (FL) well what I sit tell me quickly shinbun o
yomimashita. So, now you practice this tell me what it is those all (FL) asobimashita (FL)
asobomashita.
So, I hope you got it in past tense now you understood how to make past tense for verbs. How to
use them well practice them with your partner at home. So, that you remember them and you can
use them easily later on in conversation.
(Refer Slide Time: 30:48)

Now in our conversation we had particle de one form of particle de will have already done we
have studied which is mode of transport by what method by what means. You travel from one
place to another generally by train, by plane, by cycle, by ship whatever mode of transport you
use well particle de is going to be used at that place. Now over here we have another usage of
particle de which is with the help of something.

You perform another activity as is given over here enpitsu de kakimasu hashide tabemasu well.
(Refer Slide Time: 31:44)
Watashi wa pen de kakimasu so, I write with a pen with the help of a pen now I use a pen to
perform an activity. So, pen can be replaced with penshiru penshiru or enpiksu Wata shi wa hashi
o hashi chopsticks de tabemasu so, watashi wa pen de kakimasu, watashi wa enpiksu de with the
help of I write watashi wa spoonu spoonu de tabemasu, Watashi wa o hashi de tabemasu with the
help of these things.

I perform a certain activity so, over here depending on what you are using the verb is going to
change tabemasu or kakimasu or any other verb that you want to use you can use. So, particle de
can used with these verbs over here and what tool your using to perform a certain activity as is
given over here. Enpitsu de kakimasu, hashi de tabemasu.
(Refer Slide Time: 33:37)
Now you can practice well look at the picture and see what the gentle men is doing what can you
see what is he doing he I talking on the phone. So, what is he using to talk he is using a telephone
so, (FL) de (FL) so, you can add denwa over here denwa is a phone denwa de hanashimasu
denwa de hanashimasu. You can see denwa de hanashimasu well look at this picture now and see
what they are doing their writing with the pencil.

So, enpitsu de kakimasu as is given over there what is this gentle man doing tanaka san wa o-
hashi de gohen o tabemasu o-hashi de tabemasu. So,well o-hashi chopsticks are being used for
tabemasu so, this is how you will use particle de what tool is being used to perform a certain
activity.
(Refer Slide Time: 35:08)
Now we have been doing time 9:00 ji kara 10:00 made 11:00 ji kara 11:30 made 3:00 ji kara 7:00
made okay, 4:00 ji kara 5:00 made you perform a certain`activity (FL) benkyo shimasu (FL)
hanashimasu is to talk (FL) nemasu to sleep (FL) asobimasu well during a certain time during a
certain period you perform a certain activity. So, what is this called this time sparn this period it
is called kan (FL) benkyo shimasu.

So, you study for an hour from 9:00 clock till 10:00 for an hour for a period of one hour so, that
period of one hour is called~kan kan okay kan over here as is written kan denotes time duration.
(Refer Slide Time: 37:01)
For example ni-ji means 2 o clock whereas 2-ji-kan means two hours spent in doing some work
so, Watashi wa 2-ji kan nemashita, 3-jikan terebi o mimashita, Ni-shu-kan yasumimashita. So,
over here you can see (FL) benkyo shimasuta so, ichijikan Benkyo shimasuta (FL) hanashimasta.
This is just san juppun hanashimasta (FL) memasta 4ji kan nemasta (FL) asobimasta ijikan for a
period of one hour for 4 hours, for one hour for that is a sparn of time.

(FL) performed this activity so, please learnt to use kan so, you can tell for exactly how long you
performed a certain activity over here now we can practice.
(Refer Slide Time: 38:43)

After number you have to use kan after time kan is used and not ichikan-ji please remember it
comes after the time over here. You have ichi-ji-kan, ni-ji-kan, ichi-ji-kan-han, ni-ji-kan-juppun,
san-ji-kan, yo-ji-kan, go-ji-kan, roku-ji-kan, shichi-j-kan, hachi-ji-kan, ku-ji-kan, ju-ji-kan-han.
So, this is how it goes and over here you will see that yo or 4 o clock is yo and not (FL) or shi it
is yo-ji and again for shichi-ji it is shichi and not (FL).

Please remember that in a similar manner for 9 o clock it is ku-ji and not kyu-ji so, please
practice this and remember it properly.
(Refer Slide Time: 40:36)
Now how to use kan we can practice over here you have the time (FL) denwa de hanashimashita,
nanji kan hanashimashita ka, ichi-ji-kan hanashimashita again you have time (FL) benkyo
shimashita, ja nanji kan benkyoushimashita ka, ni-ji-kan benkyo shimashita. So, you can ask
your partner now in a similar manner (FL) nanji kan nemashita ka. So, you can tell san-ji-kan
nemshita and practice this one with your partner.

(FL) so, what are you going to say terebi-o mimashita so, what should your next question be
nanji kan terebi o mimashita ka, ichi-ji kan han terebi o mimashita. So, please practice it like
that.
(Refer Slide Time: 42:13)
Now we been doing enough of practice here in class this is simple expression for you we have
done this expression earlier also. Expression (FL) I told you earlier was excuse me (FL) well this
is little different this means sorry.
(Refer Slide Time: 42:47)

And you will see how what are they doing they are standing in a train in a subway. And it is
crowd it probably and then (FL) somehow manages to hurt him step on is foot. So, what does he
do (FL) it means it is hurting (FL) means it hurting and then once you hears that what does he
say he says sumimasen I am sorry. So, well you know the expression you know this word you
know it as excuse me you can use it as sorry also depending on the situation.
(Refer Slide Time: 43:33)
Now lot of practice, lot of lot of new words lot of grammar over here now simple just look at
these kanji characters and try to memorize them.
(Refer Slide Time: 43:51)

You have done this word shu in senshu, konshu.

(Refer Slide Time: 44:02)

Shu was in senshu, konshu raishu so, well this is what we have going to do today shu. You
remember doing this ichi this ju, this tho so, one kanji here there is another kanji over here. This
covers it and this is a radical which has a meaning. So, this is how you make it over here it is not
proportionate at that moment like this. This is shu, shu means week now.
(Refer Slide Time: 44:55)

This radical means road or pass or through going through continuous over here now this
character comes from a paddy field where rice is also spread over and it takes a while maybe
maybe a week, maybe more, maybe a little less to collect all the rice. And put it back into the bag
so, thus we have shu which is a period of 7 days for this kanji for shu which is a period of 7 days
that is how long it to would take to collect rice which is scadered all over the field.

So, this is shu I will make it once again for you 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 so, it is a 11
stroke character like this. I hope you got it right so, a 11 stroke character over here for you shu.
There are other kanjis also we will do that you can see a 11 stroke character. There is another one
kan this word kan which you did just now means period of time.
(Refer Slide Time: 46:35)
If you remember we did this characters this means sun now if you just elongate this a little and
make another (FL) over here. And do this does it look like something to you well it means a gate
and this character (FL) which means sun. So, basically what it means is the sun between two
gates which is means in between meaning (FL) and also mean kan.
(Refer Slide Time: 47:18)

So, over here once again 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1,2, 3 and 4 so, this is kan for you over here at 12
stroke character. Now we been doing this word denwa a lot denwa means phone telephone
denwa is made out of a lot of lot of kanji characters 2, 3 kanji characters combined to make one
character. So, over here this means (FL) which is (FL) this is den this means to speak and this
means (FL). So, den wa this whole character means to speak.
So, (FL) talk through this so, this is a den wa please (FL) do the explaining of these two
characters later not today. I just want to you to learn this word which is den wa and remember
these this kanji for denwa that is all. We will do the characters later.
(Refer Slide Time: 49:02)

Once again I will make it for you den wa is remember it is write here. This is word you have
done so, I want to you to remember the word with this character.
(Refer Slide Time: 49:33)
Now some kanji characters these words we have covered in a previous classes and in this classes
well maishu, konshu, senshu, raishu, shumatsu shumatsu is a new word shumatsu means week
end, nishukan a period of two weeks. So, you can learn this new vocabulary.
(Refer Slide Time: 50:20)

There is more vocabulary which we covered in the lesson shinbun, ongaku, shukudai,
kakarimasu, kirimasu, oyogimasu, o-hashi, denwa.
(Refer Slide Time: 51:01)

Well now.
(Refer Slide Time: 51:06)
You have some work to do at home you have your assignments here group A and group B. You
have to match these the words in Japanese are given here. And the meanings are here in group b
match group A with group B.
(Refer Slide Time: 51:28)

And then you look at the pictures what are these people doing so, I want you to write verbs over
here. What these pictures show.
(Refer Slide Time: 51:47)
Look at the picture and practice with your partner by asking him or her about his daily schedule.
So, over here we have to practice time expressions that we have done.
(Refer Slide Time: 52:02)

And now of course you could always ask your ask your partner from morning till evening. What
time they perform what activity so, this way you can practice your verbs. You can practice your
time you can practice the vocabulary that we have done. And you feel comfortable in
conversation. So, with that we will end the class today there is a lot of work for you to perform at
home to do at home. So, do that and come prepare for the next class so, (FL) mata aimashoo
(Refer Slide Time: 52:45)
Arigatou gozaimasu Thank you.