JACOB KOUNIN

Ripple Effect- The teacher corrects one student or

Accountability- The teacher holds all members of
calls attention to one student for his or her
the class responsible for their learning and
misbehavior and it ripples to other students causing
behavior.
them to behave better

Dangles- The teacher continues to find materials,

.
reviews lesson plans, and talks with individual
Satiation- The students have focused on one
students when the class as a whole is ready for
learning aspect too long and begin to lose interest,
instruction
make more mistakes and misbehave.
Slowdowns- The teacher, when teaching, moves

Desists- The teacher engages in a effort to stop a too slowly and stops instruction too often. Thus the

misbehavior students lose interest or learning momentum

Flip-flops- The teacher is engaged in one activity Stimulus Bound- The teacher has the students

and then returns to a precious activity that the engaged in a lesson and then something attracts

students thought they had finished. his or her attention, she or he loses the instructional
focus and momentum while dealing with the other
Fragmentation- The teacher engages in a type of issue.
slowdown

Thrust- The teacher teaches too slowly or too fast

Group Alerting- The teacher obtains and holds the or switches back and forth, thus failing to acquire
attention of the class, both at the beginning of a and hole an appropriate momentum for students to
lesson and as the activities change within a lesson learn.

Group Focus- The teacher keeps the attention of Truncation- The teacher engages in a dangle, yet
all members of the class at all times, which assists fails to resume the original, dropped activity.
in maintaining an efficient classroom and reducing
students' misbehavior
Withitness- The teacher perceives everything in all
areas of the classroom at all times.
Jerkiness- The teacher fails to develop a
consistent flow of instruction, thus causing students
to feel lesson momentum jerks from slow to fast

Movement Management- The teacher keeps

lessons and groups engaged at an appropriate
pace, with smooth transitions and varying activities

Over-Dwelling- The teacher dwells on an issue

and engages in a stream of talk clearly longer than
the time needed for students' understanding

Overlapping- The teacher supervises and attends

to more than one group activity at the same time