Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SCHOOL OF LAW
Diego Silang Bldg., A. Bonifacio St., Baguio City 2600, Philippines
Tel No. +63 74 444 8246 to 48 local 203
Learning Outcomes
B. To build proficiency and mastery in the application and interpretation of the law
to theoretical and actual judicial cases;
D. To establish confidence in the subject matter as adequate preparation for the bar
examinations.
To pass the course, the student must pass the following requirements as a minimum:
1. Satisfactory performance in all quizzes and examinations;
2. Satisfactory performance in class recitations; and
3. Submission of required written assignments or digests;
COURSE OUTLINE
(as of August 2019)
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Effectivity of Laws
E. Waiver of Rights
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Art. 8
The Philippine Legal System, Background
Doctrine of Stare Decisis (Non Quieta Movere)
Ting v. Ting, 31 March 2009
Ratio Decidendi
Obiter Dictum
Arts. 9
Dura Lex Sed Lex
Pp. v. Veneracion, 249 S 251
Roldan Jr. v. Madrona, 4 September 2002
Art. 10
Legislative Intent
Presumption
“Interpret not by the letter that killeth but by the spirit that giveth life”
Phil. Rabbit Bus Lines v. Arciaga, 148 S 438
Ursua v. CA, 10 April 1996
Art. 13
Computation of Periods
Year, Month, Day, Night
CIR v. Primetown, 28 August 2007
Labad v. University of Southern Phil., 9 August 2001
H. Applicability of Customs
Arts. 11 and 12
Custom, Defined
Requisites
Custom Proper Legem v. Custom Contra Legem
Art. 7
1. Lapse of a Law, Defined
2. Repeal, Meaning
3. Declaration of Unconstitutionality
Constitution
Supremacy of the Constitution
Garcia v. Drilon, 25 June 2013 on constitutionality of RA 9262
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Art. 16
Property: Lex Rei Sitae
Exception: Succession
Domicillary Theory
Renvoi
Aznar v. Garcia, 7 S 95
Bellis v. Bellis, 20 S 358
PCIB v. Escolin, 56 S 266
Art. 19
Theory of Abuse of Rights
Go v. Cordero, 4 May 2010
Villanueva v. Rosqueta, 19 January 2010
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D. Unjust Enrichment
Arts. 22 and 23
Action in Rem Verso and Solutio Indebiti, Distinguished
Restitution as a Remedy
Damages Recoverable
E. Unfair Competition
F. Thoughtless Extravagance
Arts. 20, 29, 30 and 35 in rel. to Art. 100 of Revised Penal Code
Rule 111, Section 1, 2000 Rules of Criminal Procedure
Proof of Guilt beyond Reasonable Doubt v. Preponderance of Evidence
Separate Civil Action
Necessity of Reservation
Suspension of Separate Civil Action
Rule 111, Section 2, 2000 Rules of Criminal Procedure
Effect of Acquittal in the Criminal Case upon Civil Liability
Guaring v. CA, 269 S 283
Manantan v. CA, 29 January 2001
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Art. 31, Civil Action based on Other Sources of Obligation except Crime: Law,
Contract, Quasi-Contract
Bonite v. Zosa, 162 S 173
K. Prejudicial Questions
Defined
Art. 36, in rel. to Rule 111, Secs. 6-7 of 2000 Rules of Criminal Procedure
Elements
Effect
Domingo v. Sps. Singson, 5 April 2017
Capili v. People, 3 July 2013
Beltran v. People, 20 June 2000
Diaz v. Merced, 109 P 155
A. Natural Persons
Civil Personality
Art. 40, Presumptive Civil Personality
Continental Steel v. Montano, 13 October 2009
Geluz v. CA, 2 S 801
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B. Juridical Persons
V. DOMICILE
Defined
Distinguished from Residence
Kinds of Domicile: Origin, Constructive and Choice
Arts. 50-51
Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 S 300
Reyes v. COMELEC, 25 June 2013
VI. MARRIAGE
Marriage Defined
Art. 1 in rel. to Art. XV, 1987 Constitution
Essential Requisites:
1. Legal Capacity
Art. 2, par. 1 in rel. to Arts. 1, 5, Art. 35, par. 1 and Art. 26, par. 1
Marrying Age under Family Code as compared to the Civil Code
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2. Consent
Art. 2, par. 2 in rel. to Art. 6, How Given
Formal Requisites:
3. Marriage Ceremony
Art. 3, par. 3 in rel. to Arts. 6 and 8
Prescribed Form or Rite
Proxy Marriage
Morigo v. People, 422 S 376
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Marriage Certificate
Art. 6 in rel. to Art. 22-24
Purpose and Value of Marriage Certificate
Who Issues
Distribution of Copies
Distinguished from the Marriage License
Art. 26, par. 1 in rel. to Arts. 15 and 17, par. 3 of the Civil Code
DOJ Opinion No. 11 (17 January 1990)
Lex Loci Celebrationis Rule
Exceptions, Art. 35, pars. 1, 4, 5, 6, Art. 36-38
C. FOREIGN DIVORCE
Art. 26, par. 2 in rel. to Arts. 15 and 17, par. 3 of the Civil Code
History of Provision
Effects of Foreign Divorce
Republic v. Manalo, 24 April 2018
Fujiki v. Marinay, 26 June 2013
Tenchavez v. Escano, 15 S 355
RP v. Iyoy, 21 Sept. 2005
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Convalidation of Cohabitation
Art. 34
Period of Cohabitation
Absence of Legal Impediment
Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 S 1 as compared to
Ninal v. Bayadog, 14 March 2000
De Castro v. De Castro, 13 February 2008
RP v. Dayot, 28 March 2008
Sy v. CA, 330 S 550
Cosca v. Palaypayon, 237 S 249
Family Code of the Philippines / Civil Code of the Philippines in rel. to Code of Muslim
Personal Law (PD 1083)
Pacasum v. Zamoranos
Jarillo vs. People, 29 September 2009
Tamano v. Ortiz, 29 June 1998
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Arts. 41-44 in rel. to Arts. 381 and 384, Civil Code of the Philippines
Presumptive Death / Absence
Requisites for Declaration of Presumptive Death
Republic v. Nolasco, 17 March 1993
Tadeo-Matias v. RP, 25 April 2019
Republic v. CA, 477 S 277
Republic v. Bernudes, 449 S 57
Valdez v. Republic, 8 September 2009
Bienvenido v. CA, 237 S 676
Manuel v. People, 476 S 461
Calisterio v. Calisterio, 330 S 201
Art. 35 (5)
Mistake defined
Effect of Other Misrepresentation
7. Incestuous Marriages
9. Psychological Incapacity
Art. 36 in rel. to Art. 2, Canon 1095 of the New Code of Canon Law
History of Provision
Psychological Incapacity and Insanity, Distinguished
Psychological Incapacity and Vice of Consent, Distinguished
Tilar v. Tilar, 12 July 2017 on civil vs. ecclesiastical dissolution of marriage
Characteristics of Psychological Incapacity
Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA and Lao, 266 S 324 (17 January 1997)
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Art. 36 Petitions as “Sui Generis” : Rigidity vs. Flexibility as to the Molina Doctrine
Prescriptive Period
Art. 39
Mallion v. Alcantara, 506 S 336
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Art. 48
Maquilan v. Maquilan, 8 June 2007
RP v. Cuison-Melgar, 486 S 177 (31 March 2006)
Corpus v. Ochoterena, 435 S 446
Macias v. Macias, 410 S 365
Sin v. Sin, 355 S 285
Ancheta v. Ancheta, 4 March 2004
Tuason v. CA and Tuason, 256 S 158 (10 April 1996)
Pacete v. Carriaga, 17 March 1994
E. VOIDABLE/ANNULLABLE MARRIAGES
2. Insanity
3. Fraud
Art. 45, par. 3 in rel. to Art. 46
Concealment Defined
Villanueva v. CA, 27 October 2006
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 S 97
Buccat v. Buccat, 72 P 19
Art. 45, par. 4 in rel. to Arts. 1335, 1336, 1337 of Civil Code of the Philippines
Art. 12, pars. 5 and 6, Revised Penal Code
Villanueva v. CA, 27 October 2006
Macarrubo v. Macarrubo, 27 February 2004
Pp. v. Santiago, 51 P 68
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Reyes v. Zaballero, 89 P 39
5. Impotency
Effects of Annulment
Arts. 50-51 in rel. to Arts. 43-44
F. LEGAL SEPARATION
Grounds
Art. 55 (1) to (10) in rel. to Arts. 101 and 128
Arts. 247, 333 and 334, Revised Penal Code
Ong v. Ong, 505 S 76
Banez v. Banez, 374 S 340
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Defenses
Art. 56
1. Condonation / Pardon
2. Consent
3. Connivance
5. Collusion
6. Prescription
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Effects of:
3. Reconciliation
Arts. 65-67
Procedure
On Pending Case
On Final Decree of Legal Separation
On Property Relations
Registration Requirements
Rule 130, Rules of Evidence on Marriage Privilege Rule and Marital Communication Rule
Chan v. Chan, 24 July 2013
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Arts. 74-81
Definition and Purpose
Form and Essential Elements
Terms, Conditions and Stipulations
Governing Law
Effect if Marriage Does Not Take Place
Arts. 82-87 in rel. to Art. 725 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
Definition and Purpose
Requisites
Revocation
Art. 86 in rel. to Art. 50, 43 (3) and Arts. 134, 764, 769, 1144-1145, Civil Code
Arts. 88-104
History
When Mandatory
Effect of Waiver of Rights
Property Excluded
Arts. 92, 95
Villanueva v. CA, 427 S 439
Ching v. CA, 423 S 371
Tan v. CA, 273 S 229
Disposition:
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Arts. 96, par. 2 and Art. 98 in rel. to Art. 739, Civil Code
Liquidation Procedure
Arts. 102-104
De Ocampo v. Delizo, 69 S 216
Vda. De Consuegra v. GSIS, 37 S 315
Arts. 105-133
History and Concept
Distinguished from Absolute Community Regime
When Applicable
Applicability of Ordinary Partnership Rules
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Liquidation Procedure
Arts. 129-133
Separation of Property
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Art. 147
Co-Ownership, Concept
Maxey v. CA, 129 S 187
Valdes v. RTC, 31 July 1996
Diño v. Diño, 19 January 2011
Buenaventura v. CA, 31 March 2005
Maquilan v. Maquilan, 8 June 2007
Gonzales v. Gonzales, 478 S 327
Flora v. Pardo, 420 S 396
Mercado v. Fehr, 414 S 288
Carino v. Carino, 2 February 2001
Tumlos v. Fernandez, 330 718
Malang v. Moson, 338 S 393
Art. 148
Actual Joint Contribution, Concept
Bangayan v. Bangayan, 3 July 2013
Metrobank v. Pascual, 547 S 246 (2008)
Francisco v. Master Ironworks, 451 S 494
Frenzel v. Catito, 11 July 2003
Joaquin v. Reyes, 434 S 260
Mallilin Jr. v. Castillo, 333 S 628
Saguid v. CA, 10 June 2003
Juaniza v. Jose, 89 S 306
Adriano v. CA, 27 March 2000
Family Home
Arts. 152-162
Definition
How Constituted/ Requisites
Trinidad-Ramos v. Pangilinan, 20 July 2010
Modequillo v. Breva, 31 May 1990
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Art. 149 in rel. to Art. 1 and Art. XV and Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Family Relations, Coverage
Art. 150
Guerrero v. RTC, 229 S 274
Scavias v. CA, 273 803
Suit Among Members of the Same Family/ Necessity of Earnest Efforts toward
Compromise
Art. 151 in rel. to Art. 2035, Civil Code of the Philippines
Hiyas Savings v. Acuna, 500 S 514
Martinez v. Martinez, 461 S 562
Hontiveros v. RTC of Iloilo City, 309 S 340
Vda. De Manalo v. CA, 16 January 2001
Prohibited Compromise
Arts. 2034-2035 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
Uy v. Chua, 18 September 2009
Santos v. CA, 475 S 1
Mendoza v. CA, 19 S 756
Versoza v. Versoza, 27 November 1968
A. LEGITIMATE CHILDREN
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Arts. 170-171
Liyao v. Tanhoti-Liyao, 7 March 2002
Estate of Juan Dizon v. CA, 366 S 499
B. ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN
Compulsory Recognition
Gotardo v. Buling, 15 August 2012
Rivero v. CA, 458 S 715
Pp. v. Abella, 6 January 2010
People v. Bayani, 8 October 1996 as compared to
People v. Manahan, 29 September 1999
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Who May File and When to File Action for Compulsory Recognition
Art. 175, par. 2
Reyes v. Mauricio, 24 November 2010
Estate of Ong v. Diaz, 540 S 480
Guy v. CA, 502 S 151
Rivero v. CA, 458 S 714
Briones v. Miguel, 440 S 455
Herrera v. Alba, 460 S 197
Marquino v. IAC, 27 June 1994
Tayag v. CA, 209 S 665
People v. Bayani, 8 October 1996
Republic v. Abadilla, 29 January 1999
C. LEGITIMATED CHILDREN
Effects of Legitimation
Rights of Legitimated Children
Action to Impugn Legitimation
D. ADOPTED CHILDREN
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IX. SUPPORT
Arts. 194-208
Rule 61, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
Concept and Extent
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How Given
Art. 203, par. 3 and Art. 204
Arts. 206-207, Right of Third Persons Who Pay
Lacson v. Lacson, 499 S 677
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Disciplinary Measures
Arts. 223-224
Concept
R.A. 6809
Effects
Art. 236
Arts. 364-380, Civil Code of the Philippines in rel. to Art. 178, Revised Penal Code
XIII. ABSENCE
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Meaning
Ordinary Absence and Qualified Absence, Distinguished
Stages of Absence
Provisional Absence
Arts. 381-383, Civil Code of the Philippines
Remedies
Who May Be Appointed Provisional Representative
Declared Absence
Arts. 384-386
Period
Bienvenido v. CA, 24 October 1994
Presumptive Death
Arts. 390-392
Purpose
Periods
A. Classification by Nature
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B. Classification By Ownership
1. Res Nullius
RP v. Guzman, 18 February 2000
a. Property of State – Art. 420-422, Art. XII, Sec. 1-3, 1987 Constitution
3. Private Property
C. Other Classification
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5. By reason of Designation
a. Generic
b. Specific
6. Existence in Point in Time
a. Present
b. Future
7. Contents and Constitution
a. Singular
i. Simple
ii. Compound
b. Universal
8. Susceptibility to Appropriation
a. Non-appropriable
b. Appropriable
i. Already appropriated
ii. Not yet appropriated
9. Susceptibility to Commerce
a. Within the Commerce of Man
b. Outside the Commerce of Man
A. Definition
C. Other Specific Rights Found in Civil Code -- Arts. 429, 430, 437, 438, 444
1. Right to Exclude
Doctrine of Self Help vs. Doctrine of State of Necessity;
Elements -- Art. 429 in rel. to Sec. 1, Art. 11 of the Revised Penal Code
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1. General Limitations
a. Police Power
b. Taxation
c. Eminent domain
RP v. CA, 31 March 2005
ATO and MCIAA v. Gapuco, 30 June 2005
RP v. Lim, 29 June 2005
2. Specific Limitations
(GR Nos. 134269, 134440, and 144518, TLC v. AAVA, Aquino, et al. v. AAVA,
and AAVA v. Municipality of Muntinlupa, July 7, 2010)
Fajardo v. Freedom to Build, 1 August 2000
Ayala Corp. v. Ray Burton, 294 S 48
3. Limitations From Scattered provisions of Civil Code - Arts. 431, 432, Arts. 2191, 677-
679, 670, 649 & 652, 637, 676, 644, 684-687
a. Latin Maxim: Sic Utere Tuo Ut Alienum Non Laedas – Art. 431
b. Act in State of Necessity – Art. 432
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2. No Unjust enrichment
3. All Works, Sowing and Planting are Presumed made by Owner and at His Expense,
Unless contrary is Proved.
4. Accessory Incorporated to Principal such that it cannot be Separated without
Injury to Work Constructed or Destruction to Plantings, construction or works – Art.
447
5. Bad Faith involves Liability for Damages and Other Dire Consequences
6. Bad Faith of one Party Neutralizes Bad Faith of the Other – Art. 453
7. Ownership of Fruits – To Owner of Principal Thing:
Exceptions:
a. Possession in Good Faith
b. In Usufruct
c. In Lease
d. In Antichresis
C. Kinds of Accession
a. Natural
b. Industrial
c. Civil
2. Accession Continua
Over Immovables
Owner is a Builder, Planter, Sower (BPS) Using Material of Another Art. 447
BPS Builds Plants or Sows on Another’s Land Using His Own Materials – Art. 448-454:
Options Open to Land Owner if BPS in Good Faith
i. To acquire building, planting and sowing
ii. To sell to BP or to lease land, but BPS may refuse if value of land
considerable more than bp; then forced lease by LO and BP
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Options in case Owner in Bad Faith and BPS in Good Faith – Arts. 447 and 454
Pershing Tan v. CA, 148 S 54
Options in case LO is not the BPS who is not the OM –Art. 455
b. Accession Natural
ii. Avulsion
Martinez v. Mun. of San Mateo, 6 P 3
iv. Formation of Islands – Art. 461-465 but see : PD 1067, Water Code
Joqualing v. CA, 194 S 607
Over Movables
c. Specification
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C. Who are Entitled to bring Action - Rule 64 Sec. 1 par. 2, Rules of Court.
V. CO-OWNERSHIP
A. Definition
B. Characteristics
2. Partnership
3. Conjugal partnership of gains or absolute community of property
4. Joint Account
In re Estate of Guzaman v. Rodriguez, 31 January 2018
D. Sources of co-ownership
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2. To share in the benefits in proportion to his interest, provided the charges are borne
by each in the same proportion (Art. 485)
5. To oppose any act of alteration; remedy of other co-owners re: acts of alteration
(Art. 491)
6. To protest against any acts of majority which are prejudicial to minority (Art. 492 par.
3)
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1. Concept of Condominium
2. Essential requisites for Condominium
3. Rights and Obligations of Condominium owner
Leviste Management v. Legaspi Towers, 4 April 2018
H. Extinguishment of Co-ownership
a. By a third person
b. By one co-owner as against the other co-owners – Requisites:
i. Unequivocal acts of repudiation of co-ownership (acts amounting
to ouster of other co-owners) known to other co-owners and shown
by clear and convincing evidence
ii. Open and adhere possession, not mere silent possession for the
required period of extraordinary acquisitive prescription
iii. The presumption is that possession by co-owner is not adverse
Herrera-Fangonil v. Fangonil, 28 August 2007
Galvez v. CA, 24 March 2006
Heirs of restar v. Heirs of Cichon, 22 November 2005
Aguirre v. CA, 29 January 2004
Salvador v. CA, 243 S 239
Partition or Division
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V. POSSESSION
C. Degrees of Possession
1. Possession without title whatsoever and in violation of the right of the owner, e.g.
possession of a thief or a usurper of land
D. Cases of possession:
1. Possession for oneself, or possession exercised in one’s own name and possession
in the name of another – (Art. 524)
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2. Of continuity of initial good faith does not lose this character except in the case
and from the moment possessor became aware or is not unaware of improper or
wrongful possession: 3:1 Rule
1. Res communes
2. Property of public dominion
3. Right under discontinuous and/or non-apparent easement
I. Acquisition of Possession
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J. Effects of Possession
VI. USUFRUCT
B. Historical considerations
C. Characteristics of Usufruct
1. lease;
2. servitude;
E. Classes of Usufruct
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1. By origin:
a. Voluntary
b. Legal – Art. 321 cc; Art. 226 Family Code
c. Mixed
3. By object of usufruct
a. Rights – (Art. 574)
b. Things
i. Normal
ii. Abnormal, irregular or quasi-usufruct
F. Rights of Usufructuary
a. Right to possess and enjoy the thing itself, its fruits and accessions
i. Fruits consist of natural, industrial and civil fruits
ii. As to hidden treasure, usufructuary is considered a stranger (Art. 566;
436)
iii. Fruits pending at the beginning of usufruct (Art. 567)
iv. Civil fruits (Art. 569, 588)
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H. Obligations of Usufructuary
i. Requisites of inventory
a) Immovables described
b) Movables appraised
c) Notice to owner
a. To take care of the thing like a good father or a family (Art. 589)
a. To deliver the thing in usufruct to the owner in the condition in which he has
received it.
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7. Prescription
A. Definition
1. It is a real right, i.e., it gives an action in rem or real action against any possessor of
servient estate.
2. It is a right enjoyed over another property (jus in re aliena) i.e., it cannot exit in
one’s own property (nulli res sua servit).
3. It is a right constituted over an immovable by nature (Land and buildings), not over
movables.
4. It limits the servient owner’s right of ownership for the benefit of the dominant
estate. Right of the limited use, but no right to possess servient estate. Being an
abnormal limitation of ownership, it cannot be presumed.
5. It creates a relation between tenements
6. It cannot consist in requiring the owner of the servient estate to do an act, unless
the act is accessory to a praedial servitude (obligation propter rem)
7. Generally, it may consist in the owner of the dominant estate demanding that the
owner of the servient estate refrain from doing something (servitus in non
faciendo); or that the latter permit something done over the servient property
(servitus in petendo), but not in the right to demand that the owner of the servient
right to demand that the owner of the servient estate do something (servitus in
faciendo) except if such act is an accessory obligation to a praedial servitude
(obligation propter rem).
8. It is inherent or inseparable from estate to which they actively or passively belong
(Art. 617)
9. It is intransmissable, i.e., it cannot be alienated separately from the tenement
affected, or benefited.
10. It is indivisible (Art. 616)
11. It has permanence, i.e., once it attaches, whether used or not, it continues and
may be used at anytime.
C. Classification of Servitudes
1. As to recipient of benefits:
a. Real or Praedial
b. Personal (Art. 614) [But note that under Roman Law, usufruct together with
usus habitation and operae servorum were classified as personal servitudes]
2. As to course of origin:
a. Legal, whether for public use or for the interest of private persons (Art. 634)
b. Voluntary
Villanueva v. Velasco, 27 November 2000
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G. Modes of Extinguishment
1. Merger
2. Non-User for 10 years
3. Impossibility of Use
4. Expiration of the Term or Fulfillment of Resolutory Condition
5. Renunciation (as distinguished from Non-User)
6. Redemption between Owners
7. Other causes not mentioned in A. 631
a. Annulment / Rescission of the Title constituting the Easement
b. Termination of the Right of the Grantor
c. Abandonment of the Servient Estate
d. Eminent Domain
e. For ROW- if no longer necessary
H. Legal Easements
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VIII. NUISANCES
B. Kinds
1. As to Nature
a. Nuisance Per Se
b. Nuisance Per Accidens
Monteverde v. Generoso, 52 P 123
Velasco v. Manila Electric, 40 S 342
2. As to Effects
a. Public
b. Private
D. Remedies
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a. civil action
b. extra-judicial abatement
3. Defenses
a. estoppel
b. public necessity
c. non-existence
d. impossibility of abatement
B. Purposes
C. Registration as a System of Notification, not a Mode of Acquiring Ownership: Mirror
Principle
Navotas Industrial v. Cruz, 12 September 2005
Amancio v. CA, 16 September 2005
Lucena v. CA, 25 August 1999
Rural Bank of Sta. Ignacia v. Dimatulac, 29 April 2003 (not applicable to
banks)
I. OCCUPATION
II. LAW
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A. Instances:
1. A. 120, Family Code
2. A. 438, NCC
3. A. 461, NCC
4. A. 681, NCC
III. DONATIONS
C. Elements
2. Object
a. all property v. specific property
b. present v. future property
3. Cause
a. act of liberality
b. if on account of donee’s merits or services not constituting demandable
debt
c. not contrary to law, morals
Liguez v. Lopez, 102 P 577
4. Formalities
a. over movables
b. over immovables
c. effect if formalities not complied with
Bautista v. Poblete, 13 September 2005
Quilala v. Alcantara, 3 December 2001
Tan Queto v. Pombuena, 2 February 1987
D. Kinds
1. as to effectivity
a. inter vivos, inc. donation in praensenti
b. mortis causa
2. as to cause
a. simple
b. remuneratory
c. onerous (as distinguished from contract)
Secretary of Education v. Heirs of Dulay, 480 S 452
RP v. Silim, 2 April 2001
Roman Catholic Archbishop v. CA, 19 June 1991
De Luna v. Abrigo, 18 January 1990
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3. as to object
a. corporeal
b. incorporeal, alienable rights
E. Parties to Donation
1. Donor
a. Owner of Property / Capacity to Dispose
b. When determined
c. Minors
d. Guardians/ Trustees
Lavarez v. Guevarra, 29 March 2017
Beaterio v. CA, 137 S 459
2. Donee
a. Acceptance, necessity
b. By Whom
c. When and How Made
Sumipat v. Bumanga, 13 August 2004
d. Effects
e. When to revoke
1. Irrevocability, exceptions
2. Joint Donations
3. Subrogation
4. Effect if Donor Reserves the Right to Dispose of the Thing Donated
5. Officiousness
b. Breach of Condition
Santos v. Alana, 16 August 2005
CJ Yulo v. Roman Catholic Bishop, 31 March 2005
Arcaba v. Batocael, 22 November 2001
c. Acts of Ingratitude
Sps. Eduarte v. CA, 9 February 1996
d. Inofficiousness
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PART I- INTRODUCTION
A. Succession
B. Basic Kinds of Succession (A. 778-780 in rel. to A. 84, Family Code and A. 725-773,
NCC)
1. Succession Inter Vivos v. Succession Mortis Causa
Arellano v. Pascual, 15 December 2010
Del Rosario v. Ferrer, 20 September 2010
Maglasang v. Heirs of Cabatingan, 2 June 2002
Austria-Magat v. CA, 1 February 2002
Bonsato v. CA, 95 P 481
Reyes v. Mosqueda, 187 S 661
2. Succession Mortis Causa:
a) Forced (A. 886, et. seq.)
b) Testamentary (A. 779)
c) Legal/ Intestate (A. 960, et. seq.)
d) Mixed (A. 780)
3. Void Contractual Succession (in rel. to A. 84 of the Family Code of the Phil)
Vitug v. CA, 183 S 755 on survivorship agreement
In Re Guzman, 31 January 2018 on joint accounts
C. Elements of Succession Mortis Causa (A. 774 in rel. to A. 775,776, 777, 781 and 782)
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4. Parties to Succession
a) Decedent (A. 775)
b) Heirs: Kinds, Qualifications (A. 782)
Mendiola v. Sangalang, 7 June 2017
1. Primary Forced Heirs (CF: Art. 165, 172,174, 175-176, Family Code)
Sps. Tumbokon v. Legaspi, 12 August 2010
Vizconde v. CA, 286 S 217
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F. Shares / Legitime
1. Free Portion v. Free Disposable Portion
2. Fixed Legitime v. Variable Legitime
3. Legitimate Children and Descendants (A. 888)
Aguilar v. Siasat, 28 January 2015
Sps. Bolanos v. Bernarte, 17 November 2010
Concepcion v. CA, 468 S 438
Joaquin v. Reyes, 434 S 260
Rivera v. Heirs of Villanueva, 21 July 2006
Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 S 468
Babiera v. Catotal, 333 S 487
Geronimo v. Santos, 28 September 2015
6. Surviving Spouse (A. 900, 892, 895, 893, 899, 894, 903)
Enrico v. Heirs, 534 S 418 as compared to
Catalan v. CA, 6 February 2007
Quita v. CA, 22 December 1998
7. Illegitimate Children (A. 901, 895 in rel. to A, 176, Family Code, A. 899, 894)
Ara v. Pizarro, 15 February 2017
Aruego Jr. v. CA, 254 S 711
Estate of Juan Dizon v. CA, 366 S 499
Guy v. CA, 502 S 151
Cruz v. Cristobal, 498 S 37
Heirs of Maramag v. Maramag, 5 June 2009
Imperial v. CA, 8 October 1999
Rivera v. Heirs of Villanueva, 496 S 135
Maloles v. CA, 31 January 2000
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2. Elements:
a) Reservista
Solivio v. CA, 182 S 121
b) Prepositus
c) Reservable Property
d) Reservatarios
Nieva v. Alcala, 41 P 915
Tioco v. Camacho, 144 S 281
A. Wills
4. Governing Law (A. 795, A. 815-819 in rel. to Art. 16-17 and 2263, NCC)
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5. Soundness of Mind
a) When Determined (A. 798)
b) Meaning of Soundness of Mind (A. 799)
c) Presumptions (A. 800)
d) Supervening Capacity v. Supervening Incapacity (A. 801)
Ortega v. Valmonte, 478 S 247
Bagtas v. Paguio, 22 P 227 as compared to
Abquilan v. Abquilan, 49 P 450
Bugno v. Ubag, 14 P 163
Torres v. Lopez, 48 P 772
Sancho v. Abella, 58 P 728
Betts v. CA, 92 S 332
Ramirez v. Ramirez, 39 S 147
Heirs of Montinola v. CA, 158 S 247
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iii. Where
Yap Tua v. Yap Ca, 27 P 579
De Gala v. Gonzales, 53 P 104
Caneda v. CA, 222 S 781
Perry v. Elio, 29 P 134
c) Marginal Signatures
i. Who
ii. Where
iii. Single Page v. Multiple Pages
Abangan v. Abangan, 40 P 476
Avera v. Garcia, 42 P 145
Icasiano v. Icasiano, 11 S 422
d) Pagination/ Numbering
i. Purpose
ii. How
Samaniego-Celada v. Abena, 30 June 2008
Fernandez v. Vergel, 46 P 922
Lopez v. Liboro, 81 P 429
Abangan v. Abangan, 40 P 145
e) Attestation Clause
ii. Mandatory Contents
iii. Language
iv. Subscription
v. Strict Compliance v. Substantial Compliance
vi. Effect of Defects in Attestation Clause
vii. Effect of Absence of Attestation Clause
Lopez v. Lopez, 12 November 2012
Azuela v. CA, 12 April 2006
Testate Estate of Abada, 13 January 2005
Noble v. Abaja, 450 S 265
Caneda v. CA, 222 S 781
Taboada v. Rosal, 188 S 195
Maravilla v. Maravilla, 37 S 673
Vda. De Ramos v. CA, 81 S 393
Aldaba v. Roque, 43 P 478
Fernandez v. Vergel, 46 P 922
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g) Special Cases:
i. Blind testator
Garcia v. Vasquez, 32 S 490
Alvarado v. Gaviola, 226 S 347
ii. Deaf-Mute
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7. Presumption of Revocation
Gago v. Mamuyac, 49 P 902
9. Nullity of Revocation
a) Falsity of Cause (A. 833 as compared to A. 850)
1. Republication of Wills
a) Concept
b) How Made (A. 835)
c) Effects (A. 836)
d) Limitations
1. Concept
2. Necessity of Probate (A. 838 in rel. to Rule 76, Sec. 1)
Lasam v. Umengan, 6 December 2006
Pascual v. CA, 15 August 2003
Reyes v. CA, 281 S 277
Baluyot v. Pano, 71 S 86
Cuenco v. CA, 53 S 360
Ventura v. Ventura, 106 P 1159
Guevara v. Guevara, 74 P 479 and 98 P 249
In re: Pilapil, 72 P 546
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4. Kinds of Probate
Ante-Mortem (A. 838)
Post-Mortem (Rules 76-77)
K. Institution of Heirs
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8. Shares in Institution
a) as designated by testator (A. 851-853)
b) in the absence of designation of shares (A. 846)
L. Substitution of Heirs
1. Simple/Pure Institution
2. Conditional Institution
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b) Kinds of Conditions
c) As to the Legitime (A. 872 in rel. to A. 1080, 1083)
d) Sabinian Doctrine (A. 873 in rel. to A. 727 and A. 1183)
e) “No-Contest and Forfeiture Clauses”
Miciano v. Brimo, 50 P 867
Santos v. Buenaventura, 18 S 47
f) Condition Not to Marry/ Remarry: When Valid and Void (A. 874)
Morente v. Dela Santa, 9 P 387
1. Determination of Net Estate (A. 908, in rel. to A. 1059, 772 and 1381, NCC)
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O. Disinheritance
4. Causes of Disinheritance:
b) Of Parents and Ascendants (A. 920 in rel. to Art. 228-232 of the Family
Code)
c) Of Spouse (A. 921 in rel. to Arts. 63 [4] and 41-43 of the Family Code)
Baritua v. CA, 183 S 565
1. Definition
2. Purposes
3. Who May be Charged (A. 925)
Robles v. Santiago, 109 P 218
Debuque v. Climaco, 99 S 353
Vera v. Navarro, 79 S 608
4. Classification
a) By Object / Subject Matter (A. 924)
b) By Person Burdened or Benefited
i. Legacy Proper
ii. Sub-Legacy (A. 926)
iii. Pre-Legacy (A. 926-928)
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a) If Belonging to the Testator (A. 948, 951, 929, 953, 952 in rel. to Rules 89-
90)
Santos v. Buenaventura, 18 S 47
10. Void Ab Initio Legacies (A. 930, 933, 924, 929, 941 [2])
1. Concept
2. Legal Succession v. Forced Succession
3. When Intestacy Takes Place (A. 960)
a) Absence of an Applicable Valid Will
b) Absence of a Qualified Heir
4. Basic Rules
a) Order of Intestate Heirs, Only Relatives by Consanguinity, Exceptions
b) Rule of Preference of Lines, Exceptions
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5. Relationships
a) Concept
b) As to Degrees and Lines (A. 963-966)
c) As to Legitimacy (Arts. 168, et. seq., Family Code)
d) As to Blood Tie (A. 967)
6. Vacancies in Intestacy (A. 968-969 in rel. to A. 982 and A. 1018)
1. Basic Principles
a) Principle of Exclusion
b) Principle of Concurrence
c) Iron-Barrier Rule or Rule of Absolute Separation
2. Of Legitimate Decedent (A. 996, 983, 1000, 998, 991, 997, 1001, 1005, 995,
1003, 1009-1011)
Rivera v. Ramirez, 27 June 2012
Manungas v. Loreto, 22 August 2011
Gonzales v. CA, 298 S 324
Manuel v. Ferrer, 247 S 476
Ramirez v. Bautista, 14 P 528
Santillon v. Miranda, 14 S 563
Pisuena v. Heirs of Unating, 31 August 1999
Arcenas v. Cinco, 74 S 118
In Re: Chanliongco, 79 S 364
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1. Concept
2. Who May Inherit: General Rule (A. 1024-1025)
Halili v. CA, 12 March 1998
Resurreccion v. Javier, 63 P 599
Nepomuceno v. CA, 139 S 217
4. Relative Incapacity
a) By Reason of Possible Undue Influence (A. 1027)
b) By Reason of Public Morality (A. 739)
In the Matter of the Probate of the Will of Roxas de Jesus, 27 March 2006
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5. Form
a) Acceptance (A. 1049-1050)
b) Repudiation (A. 1051-1052)
4. Methods of Collation
a) Collation of Values (A. 1071, 1073, 1074, 1075)
b) Collation in Kind (A. 1076)
3. Extra-Judicial Partition
a) By Testator/Decedent during Lifetime/Partition Inter Vivos (A. 1080)
JLT Agro v. Balansang, 11 March 2005
Zaragoza v. CA, 341 S 309
Chavez v. IAC, 191 S 211
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3. Characteristics
c. Imprescriptible
d. Indefeasible
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h. Reliance on titles
6. Governing Laws
7. Administration
2. Indefeasibility
3. Prescription
4. Collateral Attack
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3. By prescription
Heirs of Lacamen v. Heirs of Laruan, G.R. No. L-27088 July 31, 1975
4. By accretion
5. By reclamation
7. Administrative Methods
a. Homestead Patent
Balboa vs. Farrales, 51 Phil. 498 [1928]
Ybañez vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, 194 SCRA 743 [1991]
Ramoso vs. Obligado, 70 Phil. 86 [1940]
Pamintuan vs. San Agustin, 43 Phil. 561 [1922]
c. Free Title
Commonwealth Act No. 691, as amended by Republic Act No. 63
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Heirs of Tengco v. Heirs of Aliwalas, G.R. No. 77541. Nov. 29, 1988
Cruz v. Secretary of ENR, G.R. No. 135385. December 6, 2000, Read separate
opinion by Justice Puno
V. CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENT
1. Citizenship Requirement
2. Individuals
3. Filipino Citizens
Sec. 3, Article XII, 1987 Constitution
5. Aliens
6. Corporations; limitations
JG Summit Holdings, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 124293. Jan. 31, 2005
RD of Rizal v. Ung Siu Temple, G.R. No. L-6776. May 21, 1955
Republic v. T.A.N. Properties Inc., G.R. NO. 154953. June 26, 2008
Roman Catholic Apostolic Administrator of Davao v. Land Registration
Commission, G.R. No. L-8451. December 20, 1957
7. Condominiums
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1. Possession
2. Prescription
3. Non-Registrable Property
6. Jurisdiction
7. Evidence
8. Survey
9. Application
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10. Remedies
c. Appeal
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h. Quieting of Title
Heirs of Luzuriaga vs. Republic, G.R. No. 168848. June 30, 2009
Republic v. Vera, G.R. No. L-35778 January 27, 1983
Sps. Veranga vs. Republic, G.R. No. 149114. July 21, 2006
2. Jurisdiction
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3. When Filed?
5. Subsequent Registration
Spouses Chu v. Benelda Estate Devt. Corp, G.R. No. 142313. March 1, 2001
DBP vs Acting RD of Nueva Ecija, UDK No. 7671 June 23, 1988
Dela Merced vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 140398. September 11, 2001
Egao v. CA, G.R. No. L-79787 June 29, 1989
Fule v. Legare, G.R. No. L-17951. February 28, 1963
Power Commercial and Industrial Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 119745. June 20, 1997
Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 100709. November 14, 1997
1. Attachments
3. Foreclosure
4. Adverse Claim
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5. Lis Pendens
X. NON-REGISTRABLE PROPERTIES
1. Fraudulent Registration
2. Forgery
3. Loss
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4. Double titles
Calalang v. Register of Deeds of Quezon City, G.R. No. 76265. April 22, 1992
De Santos v. IAC, G.R. No. L-69591. January 25, 1988
Mathay v. CA, G.R. No. 115788. September 17, 1998
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