Rebar 101

REBAR 101: FUNDAMENTALS
OF POST-INSTALLED REBAR
DESIGN USING QUALIFIED
ADHESIVE ANCHOR
SYSTEMS
Fundamentals of Post-installed Reinforcing Bar

Design Using Qualified Adhesive Anchor Systems
Angela Nepa
Hilti Field Engineer
Hawaii
Continuing education credits will be issued for all attendees of today’s

webinar. One (1.0) hour credit is approved by NCSEA. Instructions on
how to receive a certificate will be given at the end of the broadcast.
Rebar 101: Fundamentals of Post-installed Rebar Design Using Qualified Adhesive Anchor Systems 2
1
AGENDA
Fundamental Principles of Anchor and Rebar Theory

Building Code Requirements and Acceptance Criteria for Post-Installed Rebar
Adhesive System Selection
Installation and Location of Post-Installed Reinforcing Bars Procedure
Specification and Detailing - Best Practice
Rebar Design Resources
Summary
ADHESIVE ANCHORS ARE USED IN A VARIETY OF

CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS
Structural anchor bolts
Rebar doweling
Safety related applications
Attachments to solid and hollow masonry
Fastening metal fixtures or equipment
2
ADHESIVE ANCHOR APPLICATIONS CAN BE DIVIDED INTO
TWO MAIN CATEGORIES: ANCHORING AND REBAR
Rebar
Adhesive
Threaded Rod
+ Torque Controlled
Threaded Rod
Internally
Threaded Insert
Adhesive anchors are regulated by a variety of codes and standards

including ACI 318, ACI 355.4, CSA A23.3 as well as acceptance criteria issued
by the ICC Evaluation Service
THESE TWO APPLICATIONS ARE GOVERNED BY TWO

DESIGN THEORIES: ANCHOR AND REBAR THEORY
Anchor Theory Rebar Theory
Adhesive + Rod Adhesive + Rebar
+ +
3
ANCHOR THEORY IS WELL ESTABLISHED IN THE CODES
AND STANDARDS FOR ADHESIVE ANCHORS.
• Failure modes (in tension) include
• Steel
• Concrete Breakout
• Pull-Out / Bond Failure
• Side-Face Blowout and Splitting
• Limited to embedment depths of 20 bar diameters (20d)
Typically, the required strength is established as follows:

øRn ≥ U , where U is the factored load, ø is a strength reduction factor,
and Rn is the nominal resistance (generally taken as the 5% fractile)
For tension loads, splitting of the concrete is typically not relevant due to the
limitations placed on edge distance, concrete thickness, and anchor spacing.
A CLOSER LOOK AT REBAR APPLICATIONS…

Applications involving extension of existing construction with new elements using Hilti HIT-RE 500 V3 and Hilti HIT-HY 200
4
A CLOSER LOOK AT REBAR APPLICATIONS…
Structural strengthening applications using Hilti HIT-RE 500 V3
Applications in bridge rehabilitation with post-installed reinforcing bars
POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING BARS HAVE A FEW

FUNDAMENTAL DISTINCTIONS COMPARED TO ANCHORS
Post-installed rebar can be characterized as follows:
• Embedded in adhesive in a hole drilled into existing
structure on one side of the interface and cast into new
on the other side.
• Often installed with minimal edge distance resulting in
splitting as the failure mode.
• Typically not designed to resist direct shear loading in
the manner of an anchor bolt.
• Generally embedded as required to “develop” their yield
strength using the development splice length provisions
of the code.
Assumption of bar development is the most fundamental distinction

separating post-installed rebar from adhesive anchors.
5
TYPICAL REBAR APPLICATIONS FOR POST-INSTALLED
REINFORCING BARS
Tension lap splice
Shear dowels Starter bars
AGENDA

Summary
6
ICC-ES AC308 WAS AMENDED IN 2013 TO QUALIFY
ADHESIVE ANCHOR SYSTEMS FOR POST-INSTALL REBAR
1995 2002 2006 2013
Extensive
investigations begin…
ICC-ES amends AC 308
EOTA issues TR023 Assessment of Post-Installed

Reinforcing Bar Connections
Research – University of Stuttgart,

“Structural Behavior and Design of Bonded Reinforcing Bars”
H. Speith, doctoral thesis
TENSION TESTS COMPARE THE PERFORMANCE OF

POST-INSTALLED AND CAST-IN REINFORCING BARS
Comparison of bond stresses as a function of edge distance 1

1 Spieth, H., “Structural Behavior and Design of Bonded Reinforcing Bars,” doctoral thesis, University of Stuttgart
7
CAST-IN BARS AND QUALIFIED POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING
BARS BEHAVE THE SAME WITH SMALL COVER (~2”)
Comparison of bond stresses as a function of edge distance 1

1 Spieth, H., “Structural Behavior and Design of Bonded Reinforcing Bars,” doctoral thesis, University of Stuttgart
Splitting is the failure mode for slender elements with small concrete cover.
HOW ARE ADHESIVE SYSTEMS QUALIFIED TO VERIFY

“SAME AS CAST-IN” REINFORCING BAR PERFORMANCE?
ICC-ES AC308 lists the full range of tests required to qualify adhesive anchor systems for
post-installed reinforcing bar applications.
• The suitability of an adhesive system for post-installed reinforcing bar applications is

dependent on many factors.
• Systems that may be appropriate for anchoring applications will not necessarily fulfill the
requirements for safe and reliable reinforcing bar installations.
AC308 Table 3.8 details the test program for evaluation and qualification.
8
AC308 TEST PROGRAM IS EXTENSIVE
Rebar tests include:

• Service condition tests • Installation procedure verification
– Up to #8 (25M), 35d embedment • dmax , 60d embedment
• Reliability tests • Installation without air voids
– Sensitivity to: • Durability
– Hole cleaning – Resistance to alkalinity,
– Saturated concrete sulfur, corrosion
– Freeze/thaw • Seismic qualification (optional)
– Sustained loads at high temps
– Decreased installation temps
– Installation direction
Systems that may be appropriate for anchoring applications will not necessarily
fulfill the requirements for safe and reliable reinforcing bar installations.
ICC-ES AC308 TEST FOR BOND / SPLITTING BEHAVIOR
9
THESE TESTS DIRECTLY COMPARE CAST-IN AND
POST-INSTALLED BAR PERFORMANCE UNDER CONDITIONS
WHERE SPLITTING IS THE LIMITING FAILURE MODE
Characteristics
Stiffness
If the adhesive is too stiff, excessive shear lag can lead

to zipper-like failure of the near edge bar.
Properties
Material
If the bond is too “soft”, relaxation of the post-installed bar

may permit excessive opening of the joint between old and
new concrete, leading to loss of shear transfer or corrosion.
Adhesives and grout which have not been properly verified

for post-installed reinforcing bar applications should not be used.
AGENDA

Summary
10
HOW CAN YOU VERIFY THAT A PRODUCT CONFORMS WITH
THE LATEST CODE REQUIREMENTS?
EASY – look for an Evaluation Service Report (ESR) for that product.
What is an ESR?
• Product specific ESRs, which verifies code compliance*, are published by ICC-ES
based on testing performed in accordance with appropriate acceptance criteria (AC).
*ESRs do not specifically address Canadian codes but the qualification testing requirements are essentially identical in the US and Canada
ICC-ES Evaluation Reports play an important role in providing clear

evidence that products comply with codes and standards.
ICC-ES EVALUATION REPORT CONFIRMS THAT THE SYSTEM

SELECTED IS APPROPRIATE FOR USE
A CSI Division Number
B Report Holder
C Evaluation Subject
1.0 Evaluation Scope
2.0 Uses
3.0 Description
4.0 Installation
5.0 Conditions of Use
6.0 Evidence Submitted
7.0 Identification
11
ICC-ES APPROVALS FOR REBAR INSTALLATION USING HIT-RE 500-SD, HIT-
HY 200 SAFESET AND HIT-RE 500 V3 SAFESET
1995 2002 2006 2013 2015
ESR-3814 issued for HIT-RE 500

V3 SafeSet rebar system
Extensive
investigations begin… ESR-3187 is updated with HIT-
HY 200 SafeSet rebar system
April 2015
Hilti gains the first rebar approval
per updated code - ESR-2322, HIT-
RE 500-SD SafeSet rebar system
ICC-ES amends AC 308
EOTA issues TR023 Assessment of Post-Installed

Reinforcing Bar Connections
Research – University of Stuttgart,

“Structural Behavior and Design of Bonded Reinforcing Bars”
H. Speith, doctoral thesis
SIZE AND REQUIRED BOND LENGTH GUIDE THE TYPE OF

ADHESIVE USED
• HIT-RE 500 V3 • HIT-HY 200 w/SafeSet

w/SafeSet • Anchoring applications
• Rebar applications • Small/medium rebar
• Large rebar • Shallow holes
• Deep holes • Shorter working time
• Longer working time • Shorter cure time
• Longer cure time
Required bar embedment is based on the development length and

splice provisions of the Code – ACI 318, Chapter 12.2 or CSA A23.3 Chapter 12.
12
FAST CURE ADHESIVE ANCHORING SYSTEM
HILTI HIT-HY 200-A SAFESET ADHESIVE
Cracked Uncracked
Concrete Concrete
Load type Static, seismic

Anchor size 3/8” – 1 1/4”
Rebar size #3 - #10 (10M-30M)
Hilti SafeSet HDB Yes
Hammer drill bit Yes
Diamond coring with
Yes
SafeSet Roughening Tool
Hilti HIT-Z Rod Yes ICC ESR-3187
Base material conditions Dry, Wet
Cure time (68°F/20°C) 30 mins
Work time (68°F/20°C) 7 mins
SLOW CURE ADHESIVE ANCHORING SYSTEM

HILTI HIT-RE 500 V3 SAFESET ADHESIVE
Cracked Uncracked
Concrete Concrete
Load type Static, seismic

Anchor size 3/8” – 1 1/4”
Rebar size #3 - #10 (10M-30M)
Hilti SafeSet HDB Yes
Hammer drill bit Yes
Diamond coring with
Yes
SafeSet Roughening Tool
Hilti HIT-Z Rod No
ICC ESR-3814
Dry, Wet, Water filled,
Base material conditions
Underwater
Cure time (68°F/20°C) 6 hrs
Work time (68°F/20°C) 20 mins
13
HILTI ADHESIVE ANCHORS ARE QUALIFIED FOR USE WITH
POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING BARS PER CHAPTER 12
Tension development length: ACI 318-11 12.2.3
where the confinement term (cb + Ktr)/ db shall not be

taken as greater than 2.5 and the design value of ld
shall not be less than 12 inches per 12.2.1.
Tension lap splices: ACI 318-11 12.15.1
Hilti adhesive anchors perform like cast-in reinforcing bars.
HILTI ADHESIVE ANCHORS ARE QUALIFIED FOR USE WITH

POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING BARS PER CHAPTER 12
Tension development length: CSA A23.3-14 12.2.2
where the confinement term (dcs + Ktr) shall not be

taken as greater than 2.5 db and the design value of
ld shall not be less than 300 mm per 12.2.1.
Tension lap splices: CSA A23.3-14 12.15.1
Hilti adhesive anchors perform like cast-in reinforcing bars.
14
AGENDA

Summary
INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF POST-INSTALLED

REINFORCING BARS IS CRITICAL TO PERFORMANCE
1 Locate existing reinforcement and other embedded items
2 Roughen the existing concrete surface
3 Ensure adequate concrete cover
4 Select the proper drilling method
5 Ensure hole cleaning
6 Proper selection of adhesive system
7 Proper injection of the adhesive and bar installation
15
LOCATING EXISTING REINFORCEMENT AND ROUGHENING
THE EXISTING CONCRETE SURFACE ARE THE INITIAL STEPS
1 2
Using a hand-held scanner to locate and map Roughening a concrete surface with a combihammer
existing reinforcing prior to drilling. and bushing tool
ACI 318-11 Section 11.6.9 requires roughening to a

“full amplitude of approx. 1/4 inch.” This may be
accomplished by mechanical means (i.e. - using a
combi/bushing tool), sand-blasting, or water-blasting.
SELECTING THE PROPER DRILLING METHOD HELP TO

ENSURE PROPER CONCRETE COVER
3
• Sufficient distance must be provided

from concrete face to facilitate
drilling without splitting and/or
spalling.
• Drilling alignment aids improve

drilling accuracy.
• ACI or CSA provisions for cover and

bar spacing should be observed.
16
SELECTING THE PROPER DRILLING METHOD HELPS
ENSURE PROPER CONCRETE COVER
4 Drilling with a Hilti rotary-percussive drill Core drilling with a hand-held Hilti wet
equipped with Hilti SafeSet technology core drill with water-capture technology
Hilti SafeSet system greatly simplifies the installation process.
THE BOND BETWEEN THE ADHESIVE AND CONCRETE IS

DIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY THE HOLE CLEANING.
5
It is critical that the Manufacturer Printed Installation Instructions (MPII)

are followed to ensure proper installation.
17
EVERY PACKAGE OF ADHESIVE CONTAINS THE
MANUFACTURER PRINTED INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Note: Shown for illustrative purposes only. Reference complete manufacturer installation instructions before installing your specific anchor.
PROPER HOLE CLEANING IS ESSENTIAL: AVAILABLE DUST

CONTROL SYSTEMS SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS
5
Traditional Installation Method
or
18
SELECTING THE PROPER ADHESIVE AND INJECTION
METHOD WILL HELP ENSURE CORRECT INSTALLATION
6 7
• Can the adhesive be injected and the bar installed • Available battery dispensers simplify the injection
within the gel time of the adhesive? of the adhesive into the hole.
• Is the appropriate injection equipment available, • Piston plug systems provide positive feedback to
including all necessary accessories, to ensure the operator for controlling the injection process
correct dispensing and mixing? and dramatically improves injection quality and
• Is the adhesive suitable for the concrete temp, efficiency.
moisture conditions, hole orientation and drilling
method?
• What effort is required to inject the adhesive?
MANUFACTURER TRAINING - US
Manufacturer IBC 2012 / 2015
Manufacturer Adhesive ACI & CRSI

Anchor Installer Training Adhesive Anchor Installer
Certification program
Your name here
Hilti can help the contractor understand correct installation steps and prepare for the
Adhesive Anchor Installer Certification or manufacturer advanced training.
19
MANUFACTURER TRAINING - CANADA
Manufacturer CSA A23.3-14
Manufacturer Adhesive ACI & CRSI or Equal

Anchor Installer Training Adhesive Anchor Installer
Certification program
Your name here
Hilti can help the contractor understand correct installation steps and prepare for the
Adhesive Anchor Installer Certification or manufacturer advanced training.
HILTI ADHESIVE ANCHOR PORTFOLIO WITH

POST-INSTALLED REBAR QUALIFICATION
2
HIT-HY 200
SafeSet
Fast Cure Hybrid
Concrete
HIT-RE 500 V3
SafeSet
Slow Cure Epoxy
Required bar embedment is based on the development length and

splice provisions of the Code – ACI 318 Chapter 12.2 or CSA A23.3 Chapter 12.
20
AGENDA

Summary
CRITICAL ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN SHOULD BE CLEARLY

INDICATED IN THE CONNECTION DETAIL
Specifications and details may include:
a• Adhesive system
•
b Bar type and size
c• Required bar embedment
•
d Hole diameters and drilling method(s)
e• Preparation/roughening of existing concrete surface
•f Inviolability of existing reinforcement and embeds
•
g Installer training/certification requirements
•
h Inspection/proof loading requirements
Substitutions based on a simple specification of bond stress may not be

sufficient to ensure proper execution of the work.
21
CONNECTION DETAIL EXAMPLE:
DOWELS AT NEW SHOTCRETE WALL
a
Hilti HIT-RE 500 V3 SafeSet
CONNECTION DETAIL EXAMPLE:

NEW BALCONY EXTENSION
b
f
c a
HIT-RE 500 V3 SafeSet
e HIT-RE 500 V3 SafeSet a
22
SPECIFYING WITH HILTI HIT-RE 500 V3 AND HIT-HY 200
SAFESET SYSTEMS IN THE GENERAL NOTES
a d
AGENDA

Summary
23
REBAR DESIGN CENTER
Product code/approval documents Continuing Education Courses and Webinars
PROFIS Rebar and PROFIS Engineering Product Submittals
Technical Data (load tables) Educational White Papers
Specification Text and CAD Details

www.hilti.com/rebar www.hilti.ca/rebar
DESIGN MADE EASY…

1 PROFIS Rebar Software 2 Hilti Post-Installed Reinforcing
Bar Supplement
• Web-based software
• Quick reference guide for
• Design post-installed rebar
– Non-contact lap splices
connections per ACI 318
– Shear dowels
– Starter bars
• https://profisrebar.hilti.com
• Design examples
24
A NEW PUBLICATION IS AVAILABLE WHICH PROVIDES FURTHER
DETAILS INTO POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING BAR DESIGN
Download the publication in PDF format

https://www.hilti.com/technical-guides or https://www.hilti.ca/technical-guides
AGENDA

Summary
25
SUMMARY
• Acceptance criteria (AC308) now qualifies adhesive • Cast-in bars and qualified post-installed reinforcing
anchor systems for post-installed reinforcing bar bars behave the same with small cover (~2”).
applications.
• Qualified adhesive anchor systems can be
• The suitability of an adhesive system for post- designed like a cast-in reinforcing bar using ACI
installed reinforcing bar applications is dependent 318, Chapter 12 or CSA A23.3 Chapter 12.
on many factors.
• Installation and location of post-installed reinforcing
• Systems that may be appropriate for anchoring bars is critical to performance and should be
applications will not necessarily fulfill the appropriately detailed and specified.
requirements for safe and reliable reinforcing bar
installations.
• Assumption of reinforcing bar development is the
most fundamental distinction separating post-
installed rebar from adhesive anchors.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
ICC-Evaluation Service
• www.icc-es.org
Hilti Online
• www.hilti.com or www.hilti.ca
Technical manuals:
• Hilti North America Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Guide
• Hilti North America Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Supplement
Research papers:
“Recommended Procedures for Development and Splicing of Postinstalled Bonded
Reinforcing Bars in Concrete Structures,” ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 110, No. 3, pp.
437-447, Charney, F., Pal, K., and Silva, J. (2013).
“Structural Behavior and Design of Bonded Reinforcing Bars”, doctoral thesis,
University of Stuttgart (in German), Spieth, H. (2002).
26
THANK YOU
Hilti Technical Support

(877) 749-6337
https://ask.hilti.com/
www.hilti.com/engineering
www.hilti.ca/engineering
27

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REBAR 101: FUNDAMENTALS

Fundamentals of Post-installed Reinforcing Bar

Continuing education credits will be issued for all attendees of today’s

Fundamental Principles of Anchor and Rebar Theory

ADHESIVE ANCHORS ARE USED IN A VARIETY OF

Structural anchor bolts

Safety related applications

Attachments to solid and hollow masonry

Fastening metal fixtures or equipment

Adhesive anchors are regulated by a variety of codes and standards

THESE TWO APPLICATIONS ARE GOVERNED BY TWO

Typically, the required strength is established as follows:

A CLOSER LOOK AT REBAR APPLICATIONS…

Applications in bridge rehabilitation with post-installed reinforcing bars

POST-INSTALLED REINFORCING BARS HAVE A FEW

Assumption of bar development is the most fundamental distinction

Tension lap splice

Shear dowels Starter bars

Fundamental Principles of Anchor and Rebar Theory

1995 2002 2006 2013

ICC-ES amends AC 308

EOTA issues TR023 Assessment of Post-Installed

Research – University of Stuttgart,

TENSION TESTS COMPARE THE PERFORMANCE OF

Comparison of bond stresses as a function of edge distance 1

Comparison of bond stresses as a function of edge distance 1

HOW ARE ADHESIVE SYSTEMS QUALIFIED TO VERIFY

• The suitability of an adhesive system for post-installed reinforcing bar applications is

Rebar tests include:

ICC-ES AC308 TEST FOR BOND / SPLITTING BEHAVIOR

If the adhesive is too stiff, excessive shear lag can lead

If the bond is too “soft”, relaxation of the post-installed bar

Adhesives and grout which have not been properly verified

Fundamental Principles of Anchor and Rebar Theory

ICC-ES Evaluation Reports play an important role in providing clear

ICC-ES EVALUATION REPORT CONFIRMS THAT THE SYSTEM

1995 2002 2006 2013 2015

ESR-3814 issued for HIT-RE 500

EOTA issues TR023 Assessment of Post-Installed

Research – University of Stuttgart,

SIZE AND REQUIRED BOND LENGTH GUIDE THE TYPE OF

• HIT-RE 500 V3 • HIT-HY 200 w/SafeSet

Required bar embedment is based on the development length and

Load type Static, seismic

SLOW CURE ADHESIVE ANCHORING SYSTEM

Load type Static, seismic

Tension development length: ACI 318-11 12.2.3

where the confinement term (cb + Ktr)/ db shall not be

Tension lap splices: ACI 318-11 12.15.1

Hilti adhesive anchors perform like cast-in reinforcing bars.

HILTI ADHESIVE ANCHORS ARE QUALIFIED FOR USE WITH

Tension development length: CSA A23.3-14 12.2.2

where the confinement term (dcs + Ktr) shall not be

Tension lap splices: CSA A23.3-14 12.15.1

Hilti adhesive anchors perform like cast-in reinforcing bars.

Fundamental Principles of Anchor and Rebar Theory

INSTALLATION AND LOCATION OF POST-INSTALLED

1 Locate existing reinforcement and other embedded items

2 Roughen the existing concrete surface

3 Ensure adequate concrete cover

4 Select the proper drilling method

5 Ensure hole cleaning

6 Proper selection of adhesive system

7 Proper injection of the adhesive and bar installation