Heat Transfer (GNEG356)

Homework Assignment – 1

Name: Deadline: Feb 25, 2019

Steady State Conduction Heat Transfer

Total Marks: 25

Important points for assignment submission

Take a one-sided printout of the homework assignment (including this page) corresponding to your name and roll
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 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

The ‘Ganga-jalis’ at City Palace, Jaipur

Contained within the Maharaja's City Palace in Jaipur are the two largest single items of sterling silver, two huge water
vessels known as Gangajalis.. Each of the silver urns has a capacity of 4,091 L, weighs 345 kg and stands at 1.6 metres,
recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the largest single object constructed from silver.
They were created over a two year period between 1894 and 1896 by two Jaipur silversmiths and were fashioned from a
total of 14,000 silver coins. The pair of silver water jars avoided the use of soldering sections together, so they are
considered as a solid single piece of silver. The silver urns were constructed under the direction of maharaja Madho Singh
II's for his visit to London 1902 to attend the coronation of Edward VII. These silver containers were filled with Ganges
water, shipped to Bombay and loaded on the ship which sailed to London. The sea voyage to London would have taken
around six months (one way).
Madho Singh II was poised and a devout person who drank only Ganges water on his trip to England. He knew that the
Ganges water has the mystic and amazing potency of not getting spoiled or infected even as you stored it in a closed
container (If you do not believe it, try storing the ordinary chlorinated tap water for a week vis-à-vis the Ganges water!).
In addition, he knew that Ganges water has other benefits which may even be beyond the exact explanations of the then
modern scientific understanding.

Assuming that these Gangajalis were kept on the ship deck exposed to the sunlight, the average diurnal irradiation (for 8
hours) of the sun being 400 W/m2. Further, as far as the exposed surface area of the jar is concerned, it can be assumed to
be that of an equivalent spherical container holding the same volume. The shining outer silver surface can be assumed to
have a reflectivity of 89%. Given that the thermal conductivity of pure silver is 407 W/mK, estimate the temperature of
the Ganges water at the end of the day, that was given to the Maharaja to drink.
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

Heat is generated in a 2.5-cm-square copper rod at the rate of 35.3MW/m3. The rod
is exposed to a convection environment at 20◦C, and the heat-transfer coefficient is
4000 W/m2 ・ ◦C. Calculate the surface temperature of the rod.
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

A long stainless-steel rod [k =16 W/m・ ◦C] has a square cross section 12.5 by
12.5 mm and has one end maintained at 250◦C. The heat-transfer coefficient is
40 W/m2 ・ ◦C, and the environment temperature is 90◦C. Calculate the heat lost by
the rod.
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

The one-dimensional system of mass M with constant properties and no internal heat generation shown in the
figure is initially at a uniform temperature Ti. The electrical heater is suddenly energized, providing a uniform
heat flux 𝑞0𝑛 at the surface x = 0. The boundaries at x = L and elsewhere are perfectly insulated.

(a) Write the differential equation, and identify the boundary and initial conditions that could be used to
determine the temperature as a function of position and time in the system.

(b) On T - x coordinates, sketch the temperature distributions for the initial condition (t ≤ 0) and for several
times after the heater is energized. Will a steady-state temperature distribution ever be reached?
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

A certain material has a thickness of 30 cm and a thermal conductivity of

0.04 W/m・ ◦C. At a particular instant in time, the temperature distribution with x,
the distance from the left face, is T =150x2 −30x, where x is in meters. Calculate
the heat-flow rates at x=0 and x=30 cm. Is the solid heating up or cooling down?
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

Heat is generated uniformly in a stainless steel plate having k =20 W/m・ ◦C.
The thickness of the plate is 1.0 cm and the heat-generation rate is 500 MW/m3.
If the two sides of the plate are maintained at 100 and 200◦C, respectively, calculate
the temperature at the center of the plate.
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

A long cylindrical rod, initially at a uniform temperature Ti, is suddenly immersed in a large container
of liquid at T∞<Ti. Sketch the temperature distribution within the rod, T(r), at the initial time, at steady
state, and at two intermediate times. On the same graph, carefully sketch the temperature distributions that
would occur at the same times within a second rod that is the same size as the first rod. The densities and
specific heats of the two rods are identical, but the thermal conductivity of the second rod is very large.
Which rod will approach steady-state conditions sooner? Write the appropriate boundary conditions that
would be applied at r = 0 and r = D/2 for either rod.
 Heat Transfer (GNEG356)
Homework Assignment – 1

One hundred circumferential aluminum fins of rectangular profile are mounted on

a 1.0-m tube having a diameter of 2.5 cm. The fins are 1 cm long and 2.0 mm thick.
The base temperature is 180◦C, and the convection environment is at 20◦C with
h=50 W/m2 ・ ◦C. Calculate the total heat lost from the finned-tube arrangement
over the 1.0-m length.