IADC/SPE

IADC/SPE 19932

The Development of the Furrial Field With Innovative Drilling

Framed Within the Philosophy of Improvement of Quality of Work
by F.E. Perez, J.E. Sanguine, and J. Cumana, Lagoven S.A.
SPE Members

Copyright 1990, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference.

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1990 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference held in Houston, Texas, February 27-March 2, 1990.

This paper was selected for presentation by an IADC/SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the
paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors and are subject to correction by the author(s).
The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the IADC or SPE, its officers, or members. Papers presented at IADC/SPE meetings are subject to publication
review by Editorial Committees of the IADC and SPE. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should
contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Write Publications Manager, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836. Telex, 730989 SPEDAI,..

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

Since the completion of the first exploratory well
in 1986 until June of 1989, LAGOVEN has put on
stream a total of 15 wells averaging a daily produc-
tion of 100.000 BPD of medium API gravity oil in
this 32.000 acres field. To drill these deep, high
pressure, high temperature wells, a series of
tecnnological innovations has been introduced which
have allowed us to reduce the drilling time from 24
days/1000 ft to 4-7 days/1000 ft, averaging lately a
drilling cost of 358 $/ft which is 40% lower than
the world's average of 592 $/ft.
To reach this goal, LAGOVEN has developed and adap-
ted several techniques and operational practices,
together with a project directed to create the opti-
mum drilling organization all framed within the
scope of the philosophy of improvement of quality of
work. Among the most important ones we could men-
tion: the creation of a task force to manage the
drilling project, adjustments in the designs of sur-
face locations, well heads, drill and casing
strings, bit, muds, cement, perforating guns and the
implementation of dual completion s.ystems.
The objetive of this work is to describe the evolu-
tion of the drilling activity as well as of the
human resources that has allowed LAGOVEN to develope
The Fur rial field in a very optimized manner, by
applying the p~ilosophy of improvement of quality of
work.
The Furrial field is located in the north-eastern
part of Venezuela at 250 miles from Caracas (figure
1 ) . It represents one of the most important oil
discoveries made by the Venezuelan Petroleum Indus-
try in the last 25 years. For its development, a
highly intensified drilling program has been imple-
mented since 1986 averaging an effort of 2 to 3 rigs
per year, which has allowed us to drill 15 wells
until june of 1989, reaching a production of more
than 100.000 BPD. To optimize its drilling project,
LAGOVEN, S.A. has applied a managerial approach,
based on the philosophy of improvement of quality of
work, which is directed to ·categorize areas and
causes of inefficiencies so that methods and techni-
ques can be s.ystematically introduced to eliminate
. them, thereby improving the overall performance of
the organization.
This systematic approach has been applied to the
organizational structure, surface location designs,
well head programs, drill and casing string designs;
bits, drilling fluids and cement programs, perfora-
til'¥5 guns and completion s.ystems. As a result, the
drilling time has been reduced in 80%, with the con-
sequent impact on well costs, production accele-
ration, and the overall efficiency of the field
development.
METHODOLOGY

Improvement of Quality of Work (I. Q. W.) , is a mana-

References and illustrations at end of paper gerial approach being utilized by LAGOVEN, S.A. as
a means to improve the efficiency of the company as

755
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE FURRIAL FIELD WITH INNOVATITE DRIJJLING :FRAMED
2 WITHIN THE PHILOSOPHY OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF WORK
a whole. Its application starts with the explo-
ration and drilling aspects and g:>es all the way
through the refining, marketing and delivery phases
of the oil business.
In a very simplified definition, the methodology
tries to close the g:~.p between the most efficient
and the actual performance of a given organization.
This is done with the direct p3.rticipation of the
organization supervisory team and the assistance, in
some cases, of an auditing team and representatives
from the human resources and equipment and materials
department.
The I.Q. w. project in the Furrial field was started
right after the "spud in" of the second well. The
data from each hole size of every well that was
being drilled in the area was collected and clas-
sified in reference to a predetermined target,
picked on the "basis of a theoretical operation in
which the performance was absolutely succesful and
efficient.
To apply the methodology to the drilling activity,
the I.Q.W. must be devided into four phases (figure
2) The identification of the inefficiencies,
their categorization and analysis, the implemen-
tation of problem solutions and innovations, and the
systematic evaluation of the actions taken, and the
results obtained. These actions are directed in a
first approach, to solve the problems in the engi-
neering, operational, human resources; and equipment
and material aspects; and in a second aproach, to
introduce innovations that will optimize the overall
drilling performance.
STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE AND INITIAL DRILLING
APPROACH
The stratigraphy of the area is characterized by the
presence of clays, shales and sandstones in the
first 8000 ft; high compacted shales to about 13.500
ft and high pressure sandstones, shales and limes-
tones to the 18.000 ft total depth.
Figure 3 shows that at the beginning of the opera-
tion, the casing program was designed with the
objective to isolate de normal pressure zones of La
Mesa and Las Piedras formations from the high
pressure zones that were anticipated to be found at
La Pica and Carapita formations. Similarly, and
based upon the asumption, that like in the nearby
Orocual field, from the Carapita formation the well
will fall into the low pressure Areo and Jabillos, a
9-5/8" casing was designed to isolate these two
petrophysically different zones. Finally the 7"
casing and the 4-1 /2" liner were programmed to pro-
tect the prospective zones for evaluation purposes.
756
IADC/SPE 19932
It is important to mention, that at the beginning of
the drilling project, the presence of a transition
zone, saturated with high pressure gas and water in
La Pica formation and the existence of a highly
pressurized gas saturated sand lens (marker "E") ,
some 200 ft above the recently discovered Naricual
reservoir, was also unknown.
DRILLING PROBLEMS
The Furrial basin area has its particular geology
and inherent drilling problems. The first two
exploratory wells in this area were quite difficult
and provided an unfortunate, but very useful, review
of all the potential troubles related to drilling.
These problems have been grouped, in accordance to
the I.Q.W. methodology, in three major areas
(figure 4): Human Resources, Engineering and Opera-
tional Procedures, and Equipment and Materials.
ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
In the engineering and operational procedures there
were three ma.jor problem areas that caused the most
impact on the drilling efficiency.
In the first place, gas and water influx problems
were encountered while drilling the transition zone
of La Pica Formation with the 17-1 /2" hole, in the
two initial wells. The influxes were associated
with the precense of abnormal pressure zones satu-
rated with gas and water and the need , at the
moment, of having to drill through them before
setting the 13-3/8" casing. This problem was aggra-
vated by the insufficient maturity of the methods
required to predict the depth of the transition zone
and the pressure associated with it.
Of the same degree of severity, was the hole unsta-
bility problem in the 12-1/4" hole, created by the
sloughing of the water sensity shale of the Carapita
formation once it was exposed to water based mud.
As a result, bridge plugging and mechanically stuck
pipe were common troubles in the first two wells
with the consequent side tracking remedial actions.
The third and most time consumming problem was the
drill pipe sticking one encountered while drilling
the 8-1 /2" hole, specially in the production zones
of the Naricual formation. This problem was mainly
due to the presence of long high permeable sand-
stones combined with an inneficient drill string
design which provided an excesi ve surface contact
between the formation and drill collars; these two
factors, coupled with the overbalanced mud weight
used as a result of the undefined pore pressure of
the.production zone and the unadecuate setting depth
of the 9-5/8" casing, besides aggravating the diffe-
rential sticking problems, which led to sidetrac-
king, created a skin factor due to the wellbore
damage resulting from the mud invasion.
IADC/SPE 19932 F. Perez, J. Sanguine, and J .- Cumana
HUMAN RESOURCES
The human resources problems were identified through
an I.Q.W. technique whereby a percentage of the ove-
rall engineering and operational problems were cate-
gorized in three main groups: drilling organiza-
tion, degree of expertise and service company
technical assistance.
The drilling organization structure that operated
during the project initiation, had to report to the
technical and operational managers simultaneously,
as a result a fully integrated staff with in-
tensified loops of comunication was not completely
established, creating some degree of inefficiency in
the decision making process of the Furrial operation.
The degree of expertise of the operational and
engineering groups that drilled the first two wells,
did not completelY satisfied, under our I.Q.W.
standards, the high levels required to efficiently
perform the design and surveillance phases of these
type of wells. This fact was aggravated by the low
degree of technical assistance that was being
supplied by the majority of the companies that were
servicing the Furrial operation.
These last two areas of problems were evident
results of the depression that hit the drilling
activity in Venezuela, like in the rest of the
world, in years prior to the Furrial project.
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
The I.Q.W. methodology had its first aplications in
this category in several Lagoven projects that pre-
ceded Furrial. Like in the human resources area,
the I.Q.W. methodology assigns a percentage of the
engineering and operational problems to the equip-
ment and materials area. In the drilling process,
this area of problems had two main sources: main-
tenance of rig equipment and quality of parts and
materials (pumps, drill pipe, cement displacement
plugs and cement and mud additives, etc.).
I.Q.W. MANAGERIAL APPROACH - PROBLEM SOLUTIONS AND
INNOVATIONS
All actions and innovations directed to solve the
drilling problems and to increase the overall effi-
ciency of the drilling activity of the Furrial
Field, were implemented in a systematic aproach
following a preditermined path designed by the I.Q.-
w. project.
Special consideration was given to the human resour-
ces area because of the high dependi bili ty of the
success of the actions and innovations to be taken
in the engineering and operational area, on the
efficiency of the organization.
757
3
The most important actions taken in the human re-
sources area are the following (Figure 5):
Human Resources:
Drilling Organization
- Three audits to the human resources area of the
drilling project with the assistance of especia-
lized national and international groups, were
performed in a period of 3 years.
- A task force group was estructured to manage the
drilling and completion operation of the furrial
area, as a result the decision making process was
reduced to only one level of management.
- A special project was carried out to design the
optimum drilling organization, not only for the
Furrial drilling project but also the rest of the
drilling activities of Lagoven. As part of this
project, an individual evaluation of the ex-
pertise and degree of trainning of each member of
the organization was conducted, as a result an
intensive trainning program was established to
level up the expertise of each individual.
Degree of Expertise
- A team of operational advisors were contracted
and assigned as drilling superintendents to each
rig ... Technical assistance agreements were signed
with three engineering firms to provide espe-
cialized support in the design and surveillance
phases of critical technical areas such as muds,
cement, drilling and casing string designs and
the completion of the well.
- Based on the results of the optimum drilling
organization designs, an efficient reallocation
of the drilling human resources of the company
was achieved, strengthening by this means the
Furrial organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FURRIAL FIELD WITH INNOVATIVE
DRILLING FRAll'lED WITHIN THE PHILOSOPHY OF IMPROVEMENT
OF QUALITY OF WORK
Since the completion of the first exploratory well
in 1986 until June of 1989, LAGOVEN has put on
stream a total of 15 wells averaging a daily produc-
tion of 100.000 BPD of medium API gravity oil in
this 32.000 acres field. To drill these deep, high
pressure, high temperature wells, a series of
tecnnolqgical innovations has been introduced which
have allowed us to reduce the drilling time from 24
days/1000 ft to 4. 7 days/1000 ft, averaging latelY a
drilling cost of 358 $/ft which is 40% lower than
the world's average of 592 $/ft.
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE RJRRIAL FIELD WITH INNOVATITE DRIJJLING l!RAMED
·4 WITHIN THE PHIIDSOPHY OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF WORK
To reach this goal, LAGOVEN has developed and adap-
ted several techniques and operational practices,
together with a project directed to create the opti-
mum drilling organization all framed within the
scope of the philosophy of improvement of quality of
work. Among the most important ones we could men-
tion: the creation of a task force to manage the
drilling project, adjustments in the designs of sur-
face locations, well heads, drill and casing
strings, bit, muds, cement, perforating guns and the
implementation of dual completion ~stems.
The objetive of this work is to describe the evolu-
tion of the drilling activity as well as of the
human resources that has allowed LAGOVEN to develope
The Furrial field in a very optimized manner, by
applying the philosophy of improvement of quality of
work.
Service Company Technical Assistance
A ~stematic evaluation was established to cate-
gorize the human resources capability and the
especialized technical assistance that each
service company receives from their international
research· centers. Based on this categorization,
a job distribution was made benefitting in much
higher percentage those companies that offered
the best technical assistance in their jobs.
An information scheme was set up to notify the
service companies of Lagoven' s short term plans
in the drilling activities. As a result, a better
human resources administration and quality of
service has been observed.
It is important to mention that the . I.Q.W.
methodology has been expanded to incorporate into
the project, personal at all levels with the purpose
of making each member of the organization a key
element of the efficiency team which will allow the
optimization effort to be achieved even in the the
simplest job of the group.
Engineering and Operational
Once the human resources area was strengthened, all
the accumulated experience and intensive analysis
and studies conducted within the engineering and
operational groups, were used to introduce changes
and innovations in the technical and operational
designs and procedures in tubulars, bits, cement and
drilling fluids, that not only solved the existing
problems but also increased substantially the
overall efficiency, which as will be seen later,
represented significant savings in time and costs.
Tubulars
- The experience of the first wells was rapidly
applied to the subsequent wells, quickly improv-
ing performance. The first action was to conduct
a study of the methodology used to predict
758
IADO/SPE 19932
abnormal formation pressures. This study included
the specilized technical assistance of James Gill
and Hottman, who used, the transit time from
sismic logs to determine the depth and pore
pressure of the transition zone. Operationally,
an adjustment of the "D" exponent was made, so
that this parameter could be used to detect the
transition zone in real time.
As a result, the 13-3/8" casing was set at the top
of the transition zone of LA PICA Formation, where
the sufficient pressure integrity that was ob-
tained, made it possible to drill the- 12-1/4" hole
saf'ely to the top of the Naricual Reservoir. As
indicated by figure. 6, the 13-3/8" casing setting
depth was reduced from 9500 ft to 5500 ft. This
change, besides eliminating all influx problems in
the 17-1/2" hole, allowed us to move the 20" ca-
sing depth from 4500 ft to 1500 ft eliminating
consequently the 30" conductor.
In addition, another engineering study, enabled us
to change the 9-5/8" casing from intermediate to
production casil·~, which led us to replace the
16000 ft long 7" casing by a 1500 ft liner. This
well configuration together with the results of
the reservoir evaluation, gave the premises to a
production optimization study which resulted in a
dual completion ~stem with two 3-1 /2" tubings
(figure 7), thereby increasing the capacity of
production of the wells by a factor of two.
Another important change was in the design of the
bottom hole assembly (B.H.A.) used to drill the
8-1/2" hole. In fact, instead of a rigid B.H.A., a
pendular type was used, which combined with the
replacement of a great number of drill collars by
hevy wate drill pipe, minimized the contact area
between the drill string and the bore hole, re-
ducing significantly the differential sticking
problems.
Drilling Bits (figure 8)
A ~stematic evaluation resulted in the stan-
darization of PDC bits in the 12-1/4" hole which
increased the rate of penetration from 20 to 30
FPH and reduced the number of bits from 6 to 1 ,
reducing the drilling time in 5 d~s/well.
- The improvement made in the BHA design of the
8-1/2" hole has made possible to have better con-
trol on the parameters applied to the bit, in-
creasing its efficiency from 60 to 80 hours and
its rate of penetration from 4 to 6 FPH which
reduced the overall time of the 8-1 /2" hole sec-
tion in 30%.
- In the 5-7/8" hole, the use of natural diamond
bits to drill the Jabillos and Caratas formations
increased the rate of penetration from 4 to 7 PPH,
and eliminated the use of 6 conventional bits.
IADC/SPE 19932 F. Perez, J. Sanguine, and J .- Cumana
Cement (Figure 9)
- All cement jobs performed by the Venezuelan
petroleum industry until 1987 used national class
"A" and imported class "H" cement in special
occasions. As the sources of problems of the
cement failures were being identified for the
Furrial fiel~ and other deep well fields, the
overall results indicated the need of the deve-
lopment and manufacture of class "H" cement in
Venezuela. This class "H" cement, besides
improving the cement results, reduced the amount
of additives required to adjust its
characteristics to the high pressure and high
temperature of these deep wells.
- In addition to the standarization of the Venezue-
lan class "H" cement, some important technical
practices were introduced to improve the primary
cement jobs of the casing strings:
o Optimization of the number and location of the
casing centralizers, based on the ~ometry of the
hole determined with the caliper log.
o Use of sodium silicate instead of bentonite in
the cement slurry, improving the slurry rheo-
logy and the cement bond to the formation.
o Use of gas migration agents when cementing the
9-5/8" casing in the Carapi ta formation,
specially in the tail cement which had to be
placed in front of the {!1313 saturated "E" lens .
The combination of these two actions led to a reduc-
tion in cement failures from 31% to 13%.
Drilling Fluids (Figure 10)
- The hole unstabili ty problems encountered while
drilling the 12-1/4" hole in the first two wells,
were mainly due to the incompatibility between
the mud s.ystem being used and the water sensitive
characteristics of the Carapi ta shale. The ana-
lysis conducted by Intevep (PDVSA's Research Ins-
titution) concluded that oil base mud was the
best s.ystem to keep the shale from sloughing. The
system was field tested and then standarized,
giving excellent results. This s.ystem was later
optimized by allowing the existence of the maxi-
mum permissible free water content which helped
increase the penetration rate by 50% and reduce
the chemical additive . consumption by some 15 to
20}6.
- In addition, an effort was made to optimize the
drilling fluid density for each hole size through
the use of R. F. T. pressure logs; special atten-
tion was given to the 8-1/2" hole where not only
the drill pipe sticking problem due to pressure
diferential was completely eliminated, but also
759
5
the penetration rate was increased in 3CY/o, and
the wellbore damage created by the oil base mud
was reduced significantly with a consequent 12%-·
increase in productivity.
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
In order to eliminate the two sources of problems
related to the rig equipment maintenance and quality
of parts and materials, two main actions where
taken. In the first place, a group was created:
within the organization to desing and implement, •
with the support of the local contractors a rigorous
and intensive preventive maintenance program; and
secondly, with the assistance of the materials engi-
neering groups and the mud and cement chemical addi-
tives specialists of Intevep and LAGOVEN, a quality
control program was applied reducing, therefore, the
negative impact of these two factors in the optimi-
zation process that was taking place in the drilling
project.
Results
Ali these actions, applied to the three different
areas, have allowed Lagoven to achieve considerable
reductions in time and costs. For the time repre-
sentation, an I .Q. W. index based in days per 1000 ft
was used. As illustrated in Figure 11, the drilling
time was reduced from 24 d~s/1000 ft in 1985 to an
average of 6. 9 d~s/ 1000 in 1988, and an estimated
4.7 d~s/1000 ft for 1989. These reductions in
drilling time were translated into significant
savings in the drilling costs reaching in some of
the latest wells a minimum of 350 $/ft, which compa-
red to the world's average of 592 $/ft, places our
costs some 40% lower.
Short Term Goals
The continuos aplication of the I.Q.W. methodology
in our drilling operations, has enable us to iden-
tify some prospective areas which could be optimize
to reduce even more our drilling time and costs.
The most important areas are the following:
The evaluation of new diamond bits combined with
high speed turbine for the 8-1/2" hole.
- The instalation of a work station s.ystem to fully
integrate the data adquisi tion, transmi tion and
real time interpretation of the data being
gathered by the mud logging units of each rig.
- The implementation of the last phase of the opti-
mum drilling organization project, directed to
establish a fully integrated special studies
group with the means to perform long term techno-
logical evaluations.
 DEVELOPMENT OF THE :FURRIAL FIELD WITH INNOVATIT.E DRIJJLING FRAMED
.6 WITHIN THE PHILOSOPHY OF IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF WORK
- The implementation for evaluation purposes of the
incentive drilling contract modality in the
development drilling projects of our deep land
operations.
The transfer of the I. Q. W. methodology- to the
service companies to improve their efficiency of
their technical assistance.
Future Deep Drilling Projects
The high performance achieved during the Furrial
development drilling operations has been extrapo-
lated into the exploratory projects being carried on
by the same drilling organization in the near by
Corozo, Boqueron and Amari lis areas. Once the
exploration phase is completed, the I.Q.W. methodo-
lqgy will be fully implemented to optimize the
development phase of these new fields.
Environmental Quality
All I.Q.W. lagoven projects address with special
attention the environmental aspect. The Furrial
field, like most of the ~1onagas State, is an agri-
cultural area of great importance to Eastern Vene-
zuela, therefore, especial projects have been
directed to minimize the ecological impact of the
drilling activity on this area. Of great importance
is the one conducted with the participation of
Eastern Venezuela University which consists of the
optimization of a process to dispose the drilling
fluids residuals by aglomerating the cuttings and
treating the remanent free water so that it can be
safely disposed on the field. Consequently, the mud
disposal pits surface area of the drilling location
was reduced by 50% therefore minimizing the
ecological impact.
760
IADC/SPE 19932
Such as it was presented, this efficient managerial
approach based on the philosophy of Improvement of
Quality of Work, has permitted Lag oven to develop
the Furrial field in a very optimized manner. Its
aplication has proven to be succesful not only in
the drilling phase of the development of the field,
but also in its production and reservoir survei-
llance, making the overall exploitation scheme a
succesfull operation.
NOMENCLATURE
I.Q.W. Improvement of Quality of Work.
R.O.P. Rate of Penetration (FT/HR)
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to express their appreciation for
the great amount of work done by the operational and
engineering groups of the Furrial Drilling Project
whithout whose remarkable achievements this publica-
tion could not have been possible.
References
1. Sa.nguino J., Roberti G., Duran E., Sanchez B.,
Gutierrez J., "Reportes anuales de la actividad
de Perforaci6n en El Furrial". Quiriquire, Fdo.
Monagas, Venezuela, Dec. 1986, Dec. 1987 and Dec.
1988.
2. Martorano P. "Mejoramiento a la calidad del tra-
bajo aplicada a la actividad de Perforaci6n en el
Furrial-reportes", Quiriquire, Fdo. Monagas, Ve-
nezuela, Dec. 1988.
 SPE 19 q 3 2

Fig. 1 - FURRIAL GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

INEFFICIENCIES CATEGORIZATION AND ANALYSIS

INEFFICIENCIES IDENTIFICATION DATA GRTHERIHii RHO ANALYSIS
DIAGRAH OF CAUSE <liRAPHIC TECNHIOUE>

~~
RHO EFFECT

0 _..,.. U-BAR -HISTOiiRAHS

.. .. . .
......
I..-DISPERSION -TENDENCY

SYSTEMATIC EUALUATIOH
OF RESULS PROBLEH SOLUTIONS
RHO

1-~-
--------
IHHOUATIOHS

FIG. 2 PHASES OF THE I. Q. W. METHODOLOGY

INITIAL CASING DESIHC

@ 18118•
11111•
Fig. 3 - STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE AND INITIAL DRILLING APROACH

761
 !HUMAN RESOURCES!

DRILLING
ORC:RNIZRTION STRUCTURE
EXPERTNESS OF' THE EHGIHEERIHC:
AND OPERATIONAL GROUPS

LOW DRILLING RATES

Fig. It - MAJOR AREAS OF DRILLING PROBLEMS

I AUDITS TO THE DRILLING ORGANIZATION

I TASK FORCE TEAM CREATION
I DESIGN OF THE OPTIMUM DRILLING ORGANIZATION
I CONTRACT OF OPERATIONAL AND ENGINEERING ADVISERS
I EXPERIENCE PERSONAL REALLOCATION
I EVALUATION OF THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROVIDED
BY EACH SERVICE COMPANY

Fig. 5 - ACTIONS TAKEN IN THE HUMAN RESOURCES AREA

/A'/T/J9L d.PT/N/?£1

13-3/8n
(f 8888'

9-S/8"
111888•
7~·
15158'
CP 16888'
18888'

Fig. & - OPTIMIZATION OF CASING PROGRAM

762
 _j .
SPE 9 93 2

13518~ ~~~~~~
15151~

18888'
Fig. 7 - DUAL COMPLETION SYSTEM

12 1/lf" 8 1/2"
PUC BITS OPTIMUM B.H.A.

~i ~
FPH # BITS
1
~i ~i
FPH BIT LIFE
s 7/8"
DIAMOND BITS

~- ~-
FPH # BITS
Fig. 8 - DRILLING BITS

31 X
I CLASS "H" VENEZUELAN CEMENT
I OPTIMIZATION OF CENTRALIZERS
I GAS MIGRATION AGENTS

CEMENT FAILURES

Fig. 9 - CEMENT

763
 SPE 19 9 3 2

12 1/'1"

8 1/2"
I ELIMINATION OF DRILL
PIPE STICKING PROBLEM
I INCREASE IN R. O.P.
I INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY

Fig. 18 - DRILLING FLUIDS

DRYS/1888 FT
25 2LI
28
15
18
s
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Fig. 11 - RESULTS EXPRESSED IN I.Q.W STANDARDS

I EVALUATION OF NEW DIAMOND BITS AND TURBINES

I INSTALATIOH OF A WORK STATION SYSTEM
I IMPLEMENTATION OF SPECIAL STUDIES GROUP
I EVALUATION OF INCENTIVE DRILLING CONTRACTS
I APLICATION OF I.Q.W. METHODOLOGY TO SERVICE
COMPANIES

Fig. 12 - SHORT TERM GOALS

764