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Machine Learning - An Introduction: Dr. B. Jayalakshmi Associate Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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The document introduces machine learning, defining it as a computer program that improves its performance on tasks through experience. It discusses how machines learn by analyzing data without external algorithms, and covers common machine learning algorithms like decision trees and neural networks. Real-world applications of machine learning are provided in domains like healthcare, finance, retail, social media, travel and personal assistants. The future of machine learning is outlined along with opportunities for research and projects.

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Machine Learning - An Introduction: Dr. B. Jayalakshmi Associate Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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Machine learning - An Introduction

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Methodist College of Engineering and Technology

Hyderabad

September 25, 2018

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 1 / 12
Outline

1 What is Machine Learning

2 How does Machines Learn

3 A Simple Task

4 Applications

5 Conclusion

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 2 / 12
ML & AI

Artificial Intelligence: ”We call programs intelligent if, they exhibit

behavior that would be regarded intelligent exhibited by human
beings”

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 3 / 12
ML & AI

Artificial Intelligence: ”We call programs intelligent if, they exhibit

behavior that would be regarded intelligent exhibited by human
beings”
Machine Learning: A computer program is said to learn from
experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance
measure P, if its performance at tasks in T , as measured by P,
improves with experience E .

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 3 / 12
How does Machines Learn

Class room learning towards machine learning.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 4 / 12
How does Machines Learn

Class room learning towards machine learning.

Human learning towards decision making.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 4 / 12
How does Machines Learn

Class room learning towards machine learning.

Human learning towards decision making.
Machines will learn slowly by thier own, with the given data, without
any External Algorithms

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 4 / 12
How does Machines Learn

Class room learning towards machine learning.

Human learning towards decision making.
Machines will learn slowly by thier own, with the given data, without
any External Algorithms
Then,What is Machine learning algorithm?

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 4 / 12
Classification

Meaning
It is a knowledge which can be used to classify the objects.

Definition
It is the problem of identifying to which of a set of categories
(sub-populations) a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set
of data containing observations (or instances) whose category membership
is known.

Example
Assigning a given email to the ”spam” or ”non-spam” class

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 5 / 12
Classification

Data.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 6 / 12
Classification

Data.
Information.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 6 / 12
Classification

Data.
Information.
Knowledge.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 6 / 12
Classification

Data.
Information.
Knowledge.
Pattern.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 6 / 12
Classification

Data.
Information.
Knowledge.
Pattern.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 6 / 12
Learners

Decision tree
Artificial neural networks
Support vector machines
Regression techniques
more

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 7 / 12
Decision Tree

First attribute at the root level.

How many branches for each node.
Which class label at each leaf node.

Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 8 / 12
Algorithm

Algorithm 1 DTC(A,D)
Create a node N
if all tuples in D belongs to same class Ck then
return N labelled with Ck
end if
if A is empty then
return N labelled with a class to which majority of the tuples in D
belong to
end if
S=Best Attribute(A,D)
label N with S
A = A − {S}
L= List values(S,D)
for i = 1 to L do
Dj = tuples in D having vi as value of S
Call DTC(A, Di )
end for
Dr. B. Jayalakshmi (Assoc Prof, MCET) Machine Learning September 25, 2018 9 / 12
Applications