Thermodynamics 1

Chapter 2 – Energy Concepts

Practice Problems
1) 0.10135 MPaa steam with a specific volume of 1.6729 m3/kg is flowing inside
a pipe. If the steam has a specific internal energy of 2,506.5 kJ/kg, find its
enthalpy. Ans. 2,676.05 kJ/kg
2) Steam flows through a turbine-generator in EDC Geothermal Power Plant at a
rate of 100 lbm/min with ΔKE = 0 and Q = 0. At entry, its pressure is 175
psia, its specific volume is 3.16 ft3/lb, and its internal energy is 1,166.7
Btu/lb. At exit, its pressure is 0.813 psia, its specific volume is 328 ft3/lb,
and internal energy is 854.6 Btu/lb. What horsepower is developed? Ans. 861
hp
3) Water enters a heater at 0.04739 MPaa and 80C. It has a specific internal
energy of 334.86 kJ/kg and specific enthalpy of 334.91 kJ/kg. Find the
density of water. Ans. 947.8 kg/m3
4) Superheated steam at 2.05 MPaa and 390C has a density of 6.8985 kg/m3.
Find its enthalpy if u = 2,927.6 kJ/kg. Ans. 3,224.76 kJ/kg
5) A compressor draws in 500 cfm of air whose density is 0.079 lb/ft3 and
discharges it with a density of 0.304 lb/ft3. At the suction, P1 = 15 psia; at
the discharge, P2 = 80 psia. The increase in the specific internal energy is 33.8
Btu/lb, and the heat from the air by cooling is 13 Btu/lb. Neglecting the
changes in the potential and kinetic energy, determine the work done on the
air? Ans. 2,385 Btu/min
6) An air compressor takes in air at 103.393 kPaa and discharges it at 689.286
kPaa; v1 = 2 ft3/lbm and v2 = 0.5 ft3/lbm. The change in internal energy is
+40 Btu/lbm and the drive work is 54,460 ft-lbf/lbm; ΔPE = 0 and ΔKE = 0. If
steady flow exists, how much heat is added per unit mass to the compressor?
Ans. -26.3 Btu/lbm (Heat is not added but it is rejected by the compressor)
7) When an automobile is travelling at 60 km/hr, its engine is developing 25 hp.
What is the driving force? 1,118.3 N
8) When an automobile is travelling at 60 km/hr, its engine is developing 25 hp.
If the manufacturer has set that the driving force is directly proportional to the
speed, what engine horsepower must the engine develop to drive the
automobile at 100 km/hr? Ans. 69 hp
9) A steady-state, steady flow thermodynamic system receives 100 lbm/min of a
fluid at 30 psia and 200F and discharges it from a point 80 ft above the
entrance section at 150 psia and 600F. The fluid enters with a velocity of
7,200 fpm and leaves with a velocity of 2,400 fpm. During this process, there
are supplied 25,000 Btu/hr of heat from an external source, and the increase
 in enthalpy is 2.0 Btu/lb. Determine the work done in horsepower. Ans. 5.48
hp
10) A 10 feet diameter by 15 feet height vertical tank is receiving water ( ρ=
62.1 lbm/ft3) at the rate of 300 US gal/min and is discharging through a 6
inches inside diameter pipe with a constant velocity of 5 fps. At a given
instant, the tank is half full. Find the water level and the change in mass in
the tank 15 min later. Ans. 3.91 ft, -17,527.82 lbm
11) The flow energy of 124 L/min of a fluid passing a boundary to a system
is 2 kJ/sec. What is the pressure at this point? Ans. 140.40 psia
12) Steam at 1,000 lb/ft2 pressure and 300R has a specific volume of 6.5
ft3/lb and a specific enthalpy of 9,800 ft-lb/lb. Find the internal energy per
unit mass of steam. Ans. 3,300 ft-lbf/lbm
13) The enthalpy of air has changed (+139.586 kJ/kg) in a compressor. The
rate of air flow is 16.42 kg/min. The power input is 48.2 kW. What is the heat
loss from the compressor in Btu/min? 568.57 Btu/min
14) A steam turbine receives 70 lbm of steam per minute with an enthalpy of
1,600 Btu/lbm and a velocity of 100 ft/sec. It leaves the turbine at 900 ft/sec
and 1,320 Btu/lbm enthalpy. The radiation heat loss is 84,000 Btu/hr. Find
the horsepower output. Ans. 402.71 hp
15) Steam enters a turbine with an enthalpy of 3,628 kJ/kg at 70 m/sec and
leaves with an enthalpy of 2,846 kJ/kg and a velocity of 124 m/sec. Calculate
the work done by the steam. Ans. 776.762 kJ for a kg of steam
16) A closed gaseous, non-flow system undergoes a process in which 25 Btu
are rejected, the volume changing from 5 ft3 to 2ft3, and the pressure exerted
on a piston remains constant at 50 psia. Find the change in internal energy.
Ans. +2.76 Btu
17) At a temperature of 40F, water has a pressure of 0.12163 psia. At same
temperature and pressure, it undergoes change of phase from liquid to vapor.
The initial and final enthalpy are 8.027 Btu/lb and 1,079.0 Btu/lb. What is
the change in enthalpy in Btu/lbm. Ans. 1,071 Btu/lbm
18) Superheated steam at 297.41 psia and 437F has an enthalpy of 2,833.0
kJ/kg and density of 9.9088 kg/m3. Find its internal energy. Ans. 1,128.6
Btu/lbm
19) The pressure drop across a turbine is 30 psia, the flow rate is 60 gpm. If
the density of fluid is near constant as it flows in and out of the turbine,
calculate the power output of the turbine. Ans. 1.05 hp
20) The change in pressure of water as it flows in and out of a turbine in a
hydroelectric power plant is -170.07 bars absolute. If the change in specific
volume of water is negligible and that water is flowing at a rate of 55 gpm, find
the horsepower output. Ans. 0.802 hp
21) A 200 mm diameter pipe gradually reduces to a 100 mm diameter. The
200 mm diameter pipe is connected to another pipe having a pressure of 600
kPaa horizontally with a flow of 0.04 m3/sec. Assuming that Δρ= 0, ΔU = 0, no
heat is added or rejected, and no work is developed or supplied to the pipe,
find the pressure at the 100 mm diameter pipe. Ans. 587.85 kPaa
22) What is the power of flowing water in a pipe whose cross sectional area is
0.005 m2 with a velocity of 25.80 m/sec? Ans. 42.93 kW
23) A site is being studied for a wind farm to harvest wind power from steady
winds at a speed of 8.5 m/sec and density of 1.2 kg/m3. If the wind flowing
across the wind turbine enters at a flow rate of 1,154 kg/sec, leaves with a
velocity so small that it can be considered negligible, has a negligible change
in density and internal energy, and has change in flow energy equal to zero,
find the expected power generated from the turbine and the size of the wind
mill expressed in diameter. Ans. 41.7 kW, 12 m
24) The suction pressure of a pump reads 2 inches of mercury vacuum and
the discharge pressure reads 130 psi. The pump is used to deliver 100 gpm of
water with a specific volume of 0.0163 ft3/lb. The change in specific volume
across the pump and change in internal and kinetic energy is negligible.
Determine the power required by the pump. Ans. 5.7 kW
25) A pump is used to deliver 150 gpm of water to a height of 120 m.
Assuming ΔKE = 0, ΔU = 0, Ql = 0, Δρ = 0, and the change in pressure across
the pump is negligible, find the horsepower requirement of the pump. Ans.
14.93 hp
26) In a boiler feed pump, the enthalpy at the entrance is 765 kJ/kg. If the
pump is driven by 8.829 kJ /kg, what is the exit enthalpy of the pump? Ans.
773.83 kJ/kg
27) A pump pumps 50 L/sec of water with a specific volume of 0.00112
m3/kg to a height of 750 m above the pump. If the specific volume between
the entry and exit of the pump is constant and that ΔKE, ΔU, and the pressure
difference are equal to zero, what is the motor power needed to drive the
pump? Ans. 440.29 hp
28) What power can a boiler feed pump can deliver a mass of 35 kg/sec to a
height of 500 m? Ans. 230.13 hp
29) A certain pump is used to deliver to 150 gpm of water having a constant
density of 61.2 lb/ft3. The suction (entry) and discharge (exit) gage reads 4
inches of mercury vacuum and 25 psi, respectively. The discharge is 2 feet
above the suction. If ΔKE, ΔU, and Ql are negligible, what is the power needed
to operate the pump? Ans. 2.43 hp
30) A pump delivers 150 L/sec of water to a height of 75 meters. The density
of water never changed during the pumping operation. find the power to drive
the pump. Assume ΔKE = 0, ΔU = 0, ΔP = 0, and Ql = 0. Ans. 110.36 kW
31) A fuel pump is delivering 10 gpm of oil with S.G. of 0.83 to a height of
9.14 meters above the pump. The oil is said to be incompressible, same as
water, wherein the density never changes during pumping process. Find the
power that the pump consumes in kJ/hr. Ans. 170 kJ/hr
32) 0.125 kg/sec of steam is flowing inside a pipe at a pressure of 2.05 MPa.
It has an internal energy of 2,600.7 kJ/kg and has a specific volume 0.09725
m3/kg. If the heat loss from the pipe is 16,427.4 W, what is the enthalpy of
the steam leaving the pipe? Ans. 2,668.6 kJ/kg
33) A steam generator has an exit enthalpy of 3,195.7 kJ/kg at the rate of 10
kg/sec. The enthalpy available at the turbine inlet is 3,000 kJ/kg. Determine
the heat loss on the pipe between the steam generator and the turbine inlet.
Ans. 1,957 W
34) What is the decrease in height of a 4 kg body whose kinetic energy
increases from 20J to 100J as a result of moving downward along a inclined
road? Ans. 2.038 m
35) An 8,000 kg train is travelling at 100 km/hr. What is the kinetic energy
in ft-lbf? Ans. 2.28 ft-lbf
36) What is the kinetic energy of a 900 lb motorcycle travelling at 60 mph?
Ans. 108, 223.6 ft-lbf
37) A 1,000 kg car is travelling down a 25 degree slope. At the instant that
the speed is 13 m/sec, the driver applies the brakes. What is the work needed
to stop the car in 90 meters? Ans. 457.623 kJ
38) A closed non flow cylinder device provides 8 kJ of work. 2 kg of air are
contained inside the cylinder. If the internal energy of the air increases by 2
kJ/kg during the process, what is the heat added to the cylinder? Ans. 12 kJ
39) A 1kg steam at a pressure of 0.10135 MPa has a volume of 1.6729 m3 is
flowing on a pipe. What is its flow energy per 1 kg of steam? Ans. 169.55 kJ
per 1 kg of steam
40) What is the potential energy of a 5 kg block at a height of 30 m? Ans.
1,085 ft-lbf
41) The energy used to lift a 90 kg is 3,000J. If the mass is at rest before and
after elevation, how high does the mass go? Ans. 11.15 ft
42) Compute the energy due to motion of a 5 gram rifle bullet travelling at
500 m/sec. Ans. 460.78 ft-lbf
43) A block of mass 10 kg is pushed 6 m along a horizontal force of 40 N.
Find the work done by force. Ans. 176.94 ft-lbf
44) What mass can a 50 kW engine power used in lifting through a height of
320 m in 30 sec? Ans. 1,054 lbm
45) Find the average power in lifting a 6,000 kg truck to a height of 250 m in
40 sec. Ans. 16,272,900 ft-lbf/min
46) Compute the useful work done by an engine which hoist 2 cubic meters
of fluid to a height of 20 m. The density of fluid is 1,100 kg/m3. Ans. 413.64
kJ
47) The work done in lifting 30 kg of bricks to a height of 20 m on a building
construction is ____. Ans. 5,886 J
48) A 100 lb boy runs up a staircase to a floor 15 ft higher in 5.45 sec. His
power is ____. Ans. ½ hp
49) A 16 slug object is lifted to a height of 10 ft. Its potential energy is ____.
Ans. 5,147.84 ft-lbf
50) A 1 lbf has a kinetic energy of 1 ft-lbf when its speed is ___. Ans. 8.02
ft/sec
51) The height above the ground of child on a swing varies from 0.5 m to 2
m. The maximum speed of the child is ____. Ans. 5.42 m/sec
52) Internal energy of 500 Btu/lbm is ____ kJ/kg. Ans. 1,163 kJ/kg
53) Kinetic power of 767 ft-lbf/min is ____ hp. Ans. 0.02 hp
54) 15,000 Btu/hr of heat is ____ kW. Ans. 4.39 kW
55) Output power of a geothermal power plant of 9,610 hp capacity is ____
MW. Ans. 7.2 MW
56) Potential energy of a rock is 15.6J. This is equal to ___ ft-lbf. Ans. 11.51
ft-lbf
57) Input energy to a system is 142.3 Btu. This is equal to ____ Watt-hour.
Ans. 41.7 Watt-hour
58) A moving car has a kinetic energy of 56.8 Watt-hour. This is also equal to
____ ft-lbf. Ans. 150,752 ft-lbf
59) Convert 1 hp to ft-lbf/min. Ans. 33,000 ft-lbf/min
60) Convert 1 hp to ft-lbf/sec. Ans. 550 ft-lbf/sec
61) Convert 1 hp to Btu/hr. Ans. 2,545 Btu/hr
62) Convert 1 hp to Btu/min. Ans. 42.4 Btu/min