DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS

CITY OF MANDALUYONG

MIDTERM Examination
School Year 2016- 2017
SCORE
Earth and Life Science
NAME ____ _ SECTION \

MULTIPLE CHOICE : Write before the number the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Strictly NO
ERASURES and use CAPITAL LETTERS.

1. This is the best theory that explains how the universe began: a point of infinite density at the beginning of the
universe began to expand and created galaxies, planets, and stars that we see-still in motion-today.
A. Condensation Theory C. Big Bang Theory
B. Nebular Theory D. Nebular Hypothesis
2. Planet X is a small, terrestrial planet that has one moon, liquid water, and a thin atmosphere. What is planet X?
A. Mercury B. Jupiter C. Mars D. Earth
3. Which of the following is the appropriate description of the hydrosphere?
A. The mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
B. All waters on Earth, including subsurface and atmospheric water
C. Only surface water on Earth
D. The solid portion of the Earth.
4. Which is a non-scientific belief of how the universe formed?
A. Big Bang Theory B. Nebular Hypothesis C. Creationism D. Uniformitarianism
5. Which of the following planets is considered to be the Earth’s twin planet? It has a very similar size and mass with
the Earth.
A. Venus B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Saturn
6. According to modern theory, approximately how many years ago did the Big Bang occur?
A. 5 billion B. 13.8 billion C. 250 billion D. 600 million
7. All living organisms of Earth, including those on the land, in the water and air, are considered part of which
subsystem?
A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere D. Geosphere
8. What are the two most abundant elements in nebula (gas clouds) in the universe?
A. nitrogen and oxygen C. hydrogen and helium
B. oxygen and silicon D. iron and nickel

9. Based on the illustration below, what factor is being shown that Earth appears capable of supporting life.

A. Earth’s atmosphere C. Size of Earth

B. Earth is in “Habitable Zone” D. Earth is a terrestrial planet

10. What subsystem of the Earth includes all landforms, mountains, soil, minerals, and rocks?
A. Biosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Geosphere D. Atmosphere
11. What Earth’s Layers is so hot that it flows readily from the base of the lithosphere to a depth of about 350 km?
A. Lithosphere B. Asthenosphere C. Mantle D. Core
12. Planet Earth is a system. When is Earth a CLOSED system? Earth is a closed system when there is an exchange
of______.
A. soil B. heat and energy C. water D. light
13. Which of the following is not a member of the solar system?
A. Sun B. Planets C. Moon D. Milky Way
14. The outer four planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are called "gas giants" because of
A. dominance of gases and their larger size. C. materials with high melting points
B. they rotate faster, have thick atmosphereD. D. they rotate slower, have thin or no atmosphere
15. Which planet is very similar to Earth in terms of rotational speed?
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A. Mars B. Venus C. Mercury D. Jupiter

16. Which is the best example of mechanical/ physical weathering?

A. the cracking of rock caused by temperature change and frost
B. the transportation of sediment in a stream
C. the reaction of limestone with acid rainwater
D. the formation of a sandbar along the side of a stream
17. Which is the best example of chemical weathering?
A. the cracking of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water
B. the transportation of sediment in a stream
C. the reaction of limestone with acid rainwater
D. the formation of a sandbar along the side of a river

18. Which agents of erosion alone can produce mass movement or mass wasting like landslides?
A. sea waves B. winds C. running water D. gravity

19. Which relative concentrations of elements are found in a felsic rock?

A. a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentration of aluminum
B. a high concentration of silica, feldspar, aluminum and a low concentration of iron
C. a high concentration of iron and a low concentration of aluminum
D. a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentration of iron

20. The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in
A. hardness B. size C. Origin/how they are formed D. age

21. The best evidence for determining the cooling rate of an igneous rock during its cooling and solidification is
provided by:
A. the disintegration of radioactive substances C. index fossils
B. the crystal size of its minerals D. faults in the rock
22. Most igneous rocks form by which processes?
A. erosion and deposition C. melting and solidification
B. compaction and cementation D. heat and pressure
23. Extremely small crystal grains in an igneous rock are an indication that the crystals formed:
A. from an iron-rich magma C. deep below the surface of the Earth
B. under high pressure D. over a short period of time
24. The pressure required for metamorphism can be generated by
A. pressure from weight of overlying rock.
B. heat from magma bodies in contact with surrounding rock.
C. cementation and lithification.
D. hydrothermal solutions.

25. Large crystal grains in an igneous rock indicate that the rock was formed :
A. under low pressure C. near the surface
B. over a long period of time D. at a low temperature

26. The process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces.
A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Compaction
27. It is one of the better properties of minerals to use for identifying a mineral. It is a measure of the mineral’s
resistance to scratching.
A. Luster B. Streak C. Hardness D. Color
28. It is the property of minerals that indicates how much the surface of a mineral reflects light.
A. Luster B. Streak C. Hardness D. Color
29. This happens when rocks and sediments are picked up and moved or transferred to another place by ice, water,
wind or gravity.
A. Erosion B. Deposition C. Weathering D. Compaction
30. Lodestone can pick up iron filings. What special property does lodestone have?
A. a sticky texture B. magnetism C. extreme heaviness D. a rotten-egg smell

Use the hardness scale to answer questions 16-17. The following is a listing of the minerals of the Mohs scale of
hardness:

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31. If mineral A does not scratch mineral B, then mineral B is harder than mineral A. Using the scale of hardness, if
mineral A is quartz, what mineral is B?
A. Orthoclase B. Topaz C. Corundum D. Diamond
32. If mineral A can be scratched by mineral B but it cannot be scratched by mineral C, then the hardness of mineral
A is between the hardness of mineral B and mineral C. If mineral A is Apatite, what are Minerals B and C?
A. Quartz, Topaz C. Orthoclase, fluorite
B. Orthoclase, quartz D. Calcite, fluorite
33. What processes are involved if there is a change of igneous or sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock?
A. cooling of magma C. compaction
B. weathering and erosion D. heat and pressure

34. Igneous rock that are exposed to weathering and erosion becomes sediment. These sediments undergo
deposition and becomes sedimentary rock by:
A. cementation and compaction B. weathering and erosion C. heat and pressure D. melting and cooling

35. The process by which outer layers of rock are stripped away is called
A. abrasion B. oxidation C. exfoliation D. frost wedging

36. The currently accepted hypothesis for the driving mechanism of plate tectonics is based on
A. density differences between oceanic and continental crust B.
the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes
C. thermal convection cells in the asthenosphere and mantle D.
gravity and magnetic anomalies

37. One of the most general conclusions to be drawn from plate tectonic theory is that
A. Earth is continually losing heat.
B. Earth's geography has continually changed.
C. Earth is slowly expanding.
D. Earth is slowly shrinking.

38. That the oceanic crust is geologically young and the parallel magnetic striping pattern of basalts is symmetrical
about oceanic ridges was conclusively shown the following except
A. radiometric dating of oceanic basalts and sequences from continents.
B. the unusually thin layer of oceanic sediments
C. the existence of the same patterns in all ocean basins.
D. the ages of contained fossils in oceanic sediments

39. In a chain of oceanic volcanic islands that increase in age away from the site of active volcanism, the active
volcanism is assumed to occur above
A. a subduction zone B. a granite batholith
C. a rift zone D. a plume of molten rock called a hot spot

Examine the diagram below, and answer the questions 40- 43 that follow.

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40. In the diagram above, which of the following has formed at A?

A. an ocean trench B. a mid-ocean ridge C. a transform boundary D. mountain

41. In the diagram above, which of the following has formed at B?

A. a folded mountain B. a fault-block mountain C. a volcanic mountain D. an island arc

42. In the diagram above, which type of boundary is occurring at A?

A. a convergent boundary B. a transform boundary C. a crust-mantle boundary D. a divergent boundary

43. In the diagram above, which type of tectonic plate motion is occurring at A?

A. ridge push B. slab pull C. Convection D. sea-floor spreading

44. Which of the following statements best describes the behavior of rocks during deformation?

A. Brittle materials deform by faulting, whereas ductile materials deform by folding.

B. Brittle materials deform by folding, whereas ductile materials deform by faulting.

C. Both brittle and ductile materials deform by faulting.

D. Both brittle and ductile materials deform by folding.

45. Synclines are folds in which the youngest rock layer is in the center and generally forms a _________________.

A. ridge B. valley C. fault D. trench

46. When a fold bends downward in the shape of a trough, this type of folding forms.

A. synclines B. anticlines C. monoclines D. declines

47. The San Andreas Fault is a result of what type of forces?

A. compression B. tension C. extension D. shear

48. A type of fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall is called a

A. strike-slip fault B. reverse fault C. normal fault. D. oblique-strip fault

49. Which of the following fault-stress combination is correct

A. normal fault : tension C. reverse fault : tension

B. normal fault : shear D. reverse fault : shear

50. To support his hypothesis of continental drift, Alfred Wegener uses the following except for:
A. ancient climatic evidence.
B. data on ancient reptiles and ferns.
C. magnetic field data.
D. evidence from rock formations.

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