1

CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

A textile is the largest single industry in India (and amongst the biggest in
the world), according for about 20% of the total industrial production. It provides
direct employment to around 20 million people. Textile and clothing export account
for one-third of the total value of exports from the country. There are 1,227 textile
mills with spinning capacity of about 29 million spindles. Whole yarn is mostly
produced in the mills; fabrics are produced in the power loom and handloom sectors
as Well.

1.2 TRAINING

Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing
a particular job or to perform the task effectively. Training improves changes and
mould the employees Knowledge and skill, behavior and aptitude and attitude
towards the requirements of the job and organization.

1.3 DEFINITION

Internship training is a learning process that involves the acquisition of

knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and
behaviors to enhance the performance of employees. Training is the process of
learning sequences of the rules and programmed to guide their behavior. .

v It’
s not what you want in life, but know how to reach it..
v It’
s not where to u want to go, but it knows how to gets there.
v It’
s not how high you want to rise, but it knowing how to task off.
v It may not be quiet the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an
outcome.
v It’
s not what you dream of doing but it’
s having the knowledge to do it.
 2

1.4 SCOPE OF TRAINING

The study is mainly based on the details collected from each department .it
provides a better understanding at functional level of each department i.e. purchase,
materials, production, marketing, finance and human resources management. Each
and Evert activity of the company has been studied very carefully with the data
available. Apart from that I gained knowledge of the functioning of different
departments and their interrelationship with each others.

v The study is mainly based on the details collected from each department.
v It provides a better understanding at functional level of each department.
v Each and avert activity of the company has been studied very carefully with
To be data available.
v Apart from that gained I knowledge of the functioning of different depart
mends and their relationship with each other.
v This study helps me familiarize with the manufacturing of emissions control
products for the automotive industry.
v This report will be helpful for the company in order to to find their weakness
and build up their strengths.

1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING

v To know various department in Bojaraj Textile Mills ltd.,

v To know the organization, structure and communication network of
the Bojaraj Textile Mills ltd.,
v To study the workers attitude and their working environment nature.
v To find out the relation between employer and employees.

1.6 LIMITATION OF TRAINING

v Accuracy of primary data collected depends upon authenticity of

information filled by the respondents.
v Due to the busy schedule were able furnish very few information
which is considered to be one of the major constraints of the study.
v Since the study deals with sensitive area of the organization .it is
difficult to extract the accurate information from the employees.
 3

CHAPTER II-COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 COMPANY PROFILE

Bojaraj Textile Mills ltd., is located in Theni, South India, and was started in
1961. Since then it has strengthen its production infrastructure spread across
spinning, textile processing and weaving .coverings almost full range of the
activities of textile industry, from raw cotton to ready to wear garments.

In spinning the installed spindle age of the company is 34,000 with more to be
with ongoing capacity expansion program. They have installed Suessen Elite
compact spinning machine to offer compact yarn of various counts. All yarns are
wound on the latest Murata 21c Auto comers. Our new rieter open-end spinning
technology has been strengthened with-in-built automatic yarn length and quality
monitoring devices. The company has a state of the art Yarn testing facility and is
planning to strengthen the quality assurance by adding sophisticated lab equipments
and online monitoring facilities.

v Cotton and poly cotton ring spoinning-34,000 spindles

v Compact spinning -8100 spinning
v Open end spinning-1800 Rotors (under expansion)
v TFO yarn doubling diovision-1500 drums

They have also established polyester Air-Jet Spinning with Murata Jet Spinning
technology and this air-jet division currently being enhanced with start-of the
Murata Vortex Spinning machines. In weaving division presently fitted with High
Speed Dobby and cam looms 81 projectile looms (390 to 180 cms width), 75Rudi C
shuttle looms (220,180 & 120 CMS) and 4 Air Jet TsudoKoma (190cms) 12 Air Jet
Piconal (360) and Novapignone rapier looms (190 cams), will soon have more
modern looms which will enhance its fabric production from the current 3.5 lakhs
meters a month to 1 million meters. The company also has in-house world class
beginner warping warping & sizing and processingcapacities. This has helped the
company to scatter to growing export market and specialized in industrial fabrics
and blankets for medical applications.
 4

They have a world class stitching and finishing equipped with high utility imported
sewing machines.

v Auto mechanical cutting for high productivity

v Stitching sect capacity of 300 machines
v High range automatic utility machines
v Fabric raising machines

Their processing division includes 150 tones fabric bleaching capacity with 105
inches,8-colour rotary printing unit. The company’
s professionalism in operations,
ethical motives and right technology has enabled. It is to achieve the scaled
competitiveness. With years of experience and expertise, we are of offering our
customer quality textile product, whether it yarn, and fabric on the finished garment.

2.1.1 Spreads and blankets

Baby blankets, bath blankets, flannel blankets

Thermal blankets, spread blankets, candy stripe blanket

2.1.2 Grey fabrics

High quality percale sheeting wills, poplins, crepes, waffles, sateen-checks and
stripes, VOILE, feather proof etc.,

Industrial fabrics of various specification and piece length up to 1000 meters are
without joints.

Duck fabrics and canvas fabrics up to 21 oz. In plain weave and special fabrics up to
30oz or more.

2.1.3 Made –UPS

v Weaves with conventional closed selvedge

v Surgical towels
v Cellular blankets
v Cotton bags and canvas totes as promotional products
v Baby receiving blankets
 5

v Mommies’napkins and table tops

v Honeycomb kitchen towels
v Duster cloths
v Shop towels (regular, bleached and high twist)

2.1.4 Yarns

v OE-6Ne to 20 Ne
v Ring spun –6 Ne to 120 Ne (combed and carded-auto censed SIRO
cleared cotton yarns)
v Poly cotton yarns –6Neto 45Ne
v MJS Yarns-12Ne to 30 Ne
v TFO ply yarns, special count yarns, and soft twist yarns

2.1.5 Garments

v Scrubs
v Shirts and trousers
v Industrial work

2.2 ORGANIZATION FUNCTION

2.2.1 Managing Director

v The Managing director performs the following functions:

v Planning, organization, directing ,and controlling the company
v To identify all the needs of all the people in the concern and provide them.
v To approve the contract.
v To define responsibility authority and interrelationship of all personal in the
mill

2.2.2 Directors

v He assists the managing directors all his activities.

v Approve the contract, reviews and amendments.
v Dispose the non-conformities in raw materials and finished products.
 6

2.2.3 Administrative Manager

v Responsible for office administration.

v Controlling office staff.
v Looking after center excise and sales department.

2.2.4 Company Secretary

v Arranging company’
s general body meeting, annual general meeting.
v Keeping records as per Companies Act 1956.
v Maintaining minute’
s book.

2.2.5 Costing Manager

v Controlling cost of raw materials and finished products.

v Preparation of monthly cost statement.
v Finding out cost per unit.

2.2.6 Finance manager

v Control the accounts department.

v Preparation of monthly budget.
v Arranging fund for company’
s expenditure.
v Preparations of monthly /yearly balance sheet.

2.2.7 Electrical Data Processing Centre (EDPC)

v Controlling all department networks.

v In-Charge for E-mail, fax ,etc

2.2.8 Marketing Manager

v Marketing the company products to domestic and international markets.

v Approves the production process.
v Authorizes the test reports of raw materials.
v Ensure that the relevant manufacturing activities are carried out properly.
 7

2.2.9 Electrical Manager

v Approving electrical accessories purchase.

v Maintaining generators.
v All electrical maintenance.

2.2.10 Personnel Manager

v Man power planning.

v Recruiting the required man power and placing right man for the right-job.

2.2.11 Export & Import Manager (EXIM)

v Contract review.
v All export and import correspondence.
v Dispatches/exports statement and records.

2.2.12 Supervisors

v Supervisors are basically meant to supervise the various activities of the

workers. They guide the new employee to make their job efficiently and
safely.
v The supervisors should know about the work potential of the workers. They
should assign the work to workers.
v In the absence of weaving masters the incomplete assigned of the done by
the weaving supervisors.
v He should achieve the target of one day production.

2.2.13 Training Officers

To improve skills of labors training is give them. Training officers give

training regarding to machine operations, applying safety measures to the labor
in the factory. The above established unit was fully engaged ion manufacturing
high quality cotton towel and exporting the same to foreign countries.
 8

2.3 VISION AND MISSION

VISION

v Customers delight in home dyeing is our motto.

v Commitment to Social, Safe Healthy climate is our pleasure
v Culture of Quality is our theme.
v Cleaner predication is our conscious.
v Continual improvement in totality is our custom.

MISSION

v Customer focused approach and implementation of enhanced Quality

management system.
v Conserving resources and preventing the pollution.
v Adopting proper waste disposal methods.
v Providing occupational Safe and Healthy working conditions.
v Implementing periodic Health programs for the welfare of employees
complying with relevant legal and other requirements.
v Imparting periodic training programs towards our vision.
v Joint efforts of our employees and co-operation of our suppliers.
Continually improve the performance through periodical management
review.
 9

2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Manager

Production Purchase
Finance
department department
department

HR department Marketing
department
 10

CHAPTER III-INDUSTRY PROFILE

3.1 ABSTRACT

The textile sector in India next ranks to agriculture. Textile is one of India’
s
oldest countries and has a formidable presence in the national economy in as much
as it contributes to about 14 percent of manufacturing value addition, accounts for
around one-third of our gross export earnings and provides gainful employment to
millions of people. The textile industry occupies unique place in our country. One of
the earliest to come existence in India, it accounts for 14% of the of the total
industrial production, contributes to pearly 30% of the total exports and is the
second largest employment generator after agriculture.

3.2 INTRODUCTION

The Indian textile is one of the largest in the world with a massive raw material
and textile manufacturing and textiles manufacturing base. Our economy is largely
dependent on the textile, manufacturing and trade in addition to other major
industries. About 27% of the foreign exchanges’earnings are on account of export
of textile and clothing alone. The textile and clothing sector contributes about 14%
to the industrial production and 3%to the gross domestic product of the country.
Around 8%of the total excise revenue collection is contributed by the textile
industry. So much so, the textiles industry accounts for as large as 21% of the total
employment generated in the economy. Around 3-5 million people are directly
employment in the textiles manufacturing activities. Indirect employment including
the manpower engaged in agriculture based raw material production like cotton and
related trade and handling could be stated to be around another 60 millions.

3.3 INDIAN TEXTILE OVER VIEW

Indian textiles industry contributes about 11 percent to industrial production, 14

present to the manufacturing sector,4 percent to the GDP and 12 percent to the
country’
s total export earnings. It provides directs employment to over 35 million
 11

people, the second largest provider of employment after agriculture. Besides,

another54.85 million people are engaged in its allied activities.

The fundamental strength of this industry flows its strong production base of wide
range of fibers/yarns from natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk, and wool to
synthetic/man-made fibers like polyester, viscose, nylon and acrylic. We can just
track he strong multi-fiber strong based highlighting the following important
positions reckon by this industry across globe are:

v Cotton –second largest cotton and cellulosic fibers producing country in

the world.
v Silk-India is the second largest producer of silk and contributes about
18%to the total world raw silk production.
v Wool –India has3rd largest sheep population in the world, having 6.15
cores sheep producing 45 million kg of raw wool and accounting for 3.1%
total world wool production.
v Manmade fibers-the fourth largest in synthetic fibres/yarns globally.
v Jute-India is the largest producer and second largest exporter of the goods.

3.4 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

In the middle Ages, cotton manufactures were in universal demand not only in
the eastern markets but also in the European markets. The muslin of Dacca was of
finest quality and was used for wrapping Egyptian mummies: and for adopting the
beauties of the Roman Empire. Calicos of Calicut, chintzes of masulipatinam, Baftes
of Cambay and gold Roman Empire. Calicos of Calicut, chintzes of
masulipatipatinam, Broad all acquired a worldwide celebrity.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the cotton industry was mainly located in the
GangaValley, Gujarat and Khandesi region and the eastern coast of South India from
Nagapatinam to Dacca: and on the west coast from Haruch to Surat and Cambay.

The first modern cotton textile mill was started in 1818 in Howrah but in soon
disappeared. The real beginning of the industry goes to 1851, when Bombay
spinning and weaving co.Ltd., was set up[ at Bombay. Production started in 1854.
 12

Since then the industry got and a number of new mills were opened by the parish,
Bhatia and Gujarat entrepreneurs.

After 1858, mills began to be opened in the upcountry area, first in Ahmadabad and
then in Kanpur, Nagpur, Sholapur, etc., initially the mills produced course yarn but
later on to meet Japanese market, the First World War, and the grant of fiscal
protection, as well as the great demand of cloth during the Second World War.

The result was that the number of mills increased from 334 in 1925 to 389 in 1939 to
417 to in 1945; and the production also increased from4012 million yards in 1039-
40 to 4726 million yards in 1945-46.

During the plan periods not only a number of mills were set up but utilization of
existing capacity of the industry had also to be increased.

3.5 PRESENT POSITION

India’
s cotton textiles industry holders the third place among the cotton cloth
producing countries in the world, next to USA and China. It ranks second in the
world in cotton textile trade. It is the first amongst the industrial in the country. It is
the largest industrials employer in the country, provides employment to 9.31 cores
people. The industry has assets worth more than Rs.3000crore, and a history of over
130 years. There are overall 1825 mills in the country with 377.2 lakes spindles and
450000 rotores, Of these mils,192 are in public sectors,153 and 1479are in co
operative and private sectors respectively. Apart from the vast number employed in
producing cotton in the field and it’
s processing at the ginning and pressing factories,
there are over 90 lakes workers in handloom in handloom and power loom sectors.
Besides, by providing a demand ,the industry also open up avenues of livelihood to a
large number of men engaged in cotton textiles machinery, mill stores, chemicals
and other supplies whose annual consumption runs into nearly Rs.332 crore annually.

In India, the cotton mill industry consists of two sections; the spinning mills and
the composite mills. Although a certain amount of traditional separation in respect of
yarn and cloth is still noticeable the present tendency is towards integrations. The
lines of cotton manufacture of yarn and woven good and these supplies more than
90%of the country’
s requirements for decentralized sector.
 13

3.6 LOCATION OF THE INDUSTRY

The location of the cotton textile industry is based on the availability of raw
material and on the power supply. By nature the cotton used as raw material in the
sense that it does not lose much of its weight in the process of manufacture and the
slight loss that it does not lose much of its weight in the process of manufacture and
the slight loss that occurs is more than compensated by the use of sizing materials,
There is on materials difference between the cost transporting cotton and its
manufactures as both the bales of raw cotton as well as the cotton cloth can be easily
transported over long distances without adding much to the total cost of production.

Hence, the industry usually tends to be located at centers with favorable

transport relations to markers. Further producing different types of cloths, varieties
of cotton have to be used either singly or in combinations with each other. This later
advantage could be possible only in big cottons assembling markets; therefore, such
centers’usually develop in cottons industries centers.

From the point of view of cotton production, the important regions are Gujarat,
Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab. In some
of these areas best type of long-stable cotton is grown besides mediums staple cotton.
Both of these are abundantly use for the manufacturing fine and medium varieties of
cloths. Other areas such as Rajasthan, Uthra Pradesh and West Bengal produce short
stabled cotton which is used for producing coarse fabrics. Cotton textile industry is,
therefore largely concentrated in area lying near the cotton producing areas also in
these areas where’
d is could be easily transported. Such areas are the Ganga valley
Gujarat, Khandesi region, easer coast of south India and Maharashtra- Madhya
Pradesh continuous regions. Mumbai city, Ahmadabad and rest of the Gujarat and
Maharashtra states have been the chief regions of the industry. Of the total 691 mills
in the country, 54 are located in the Mumbai city and 50 rest of Maharashtra 66 in
Ahmadabad 46 in rest of Gujarat. Elsewhere the cotton mills are scattered wherever
raw cotton is available. The most notable feature of the distribution of the industry is
that even within the state the industry is localized within particular areas and regions,
almost to the complete seclusion of others.
 14

3.7 PROFILE OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

India textile industry role in the country’

s economy, India is the third produce of
cotton following china and U.S.A.

The India textile industry has been focusing on traditional market and traditional
products. It is high time that industry explores newer markets and moves into newer
value added products. The India textile industry beats the competition and makes a
niche for itself in the world market. The textile industry is considered as the
mother industry .Textile and clothing is the largest manufacturing sector in India,
according for about 20%of industrial output .India is the 11 largest exporters of both
textile and clothing .India textile industry has version strong foundation is the largest
producers of quality yarn

Fibers availability in India is good, labor cost are low .skilled and
professional’
s labor is availability in plenty

3.8 GARMENTS

Garments account for approximately 45%of the countries total textiles exports
During the year 2004-2005,ready made garment exports were –US$ 6 billion
,recording an increase of 4.1%of as compared to the corresponding period of 2003-
04.2004.During 2005-2006 the readymade garment exports have announced to
US$7.75billion,recording an increase of 28.69%over the exports during 2004-
2005.during the first quarter of 2006.2007the readymade garment have announced to
US$2.17billion ,recording an increase of 15.70%over the exports during the
corresponding period of 2005-2006.

The major competitors in this segment of the market are developed countries
Asian Tiger like Korea ,Taiwan ,Hong Hong and Singapore ,developing countries
like Bangladesh and Myanmar and china ,of course .In order to ensure quality of
garment exports.

The SSI tag on the garment industry shall removed present equity participation
of 24%by the foreign partners needs to be reviewed and joined ventures with
 15

majority share holding as well as technical collaborations should be allowed labor

laws need re modeling and liberalization .Are search , development and training
institute focused on post garment processing like washing dyeing , etc is also needed.

Indian government should negotiate higher quotes from USA /EEC in

accordance with its sizes and capabilities.

Measures like stream lining internal quota Administration and freezing minimum
export prices is crucial for the future of the garment export industry.

3.9 FACTORS AFFECTING THE MARKET

Every industry has its own ups and downs .Textile industry is an exception
.There are many factors, which influence the market and the growth rate of textile
sectors. Major factors are in fracture, volume of labor production, labor laws,
availability of man power tariffs ,fluxion of currency rates and government politics.
Further bulk production mainly depends on technology of the machine, utilization of
the labor resources, financial assistances etc.

CHAPTER IV-ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

 16

VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF BOJARAJ TEXTILE MILLS LTD.,

The various departments of Bojaraj Textile Mills ltd., are as follows:

v Personnel department
v Finance department
v Purchase department
v Production department
v Marketing department
v Quality control department
v Finishing and packaging department
v Stores department

4.1 PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT

Personnel department is relay the management of personnel at work. It is the

science of planning, organizing and controlling the various operative function of
procuring developing, maintain and utilizing the force for the major goal of the
organization.

In this way a branch of general management which deals with the people at
work broadly.

It defines the relationship between.

v Employer and Employee

v Employee and Employee

4.1.1 Training and Development for the Employee

Training: - It is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of a particular job. It is
concerned with imparting specific skills for particular purposes.

Development: - It is the long term educational process utilizing a systematic and

organizational procedure by which managerial personal learns conceptual and
theoretical knowledge for general purpose.

4.1.2 Performance Appraisal

 17

Performance appraisal is a method of evaluating the behavior of the employees

in the work spot. In company, which conduct 180and 360 appraisal; once in a year.

v Attendance level
v Work Interest
v Training change

4.1.3 Recruitment

It is the process of searching for prospective employee and stimulating them

to apply for jobs in organization. Sources of Recruitment of the Company

GSM also follows internal sources as well as External source.

4.1.4 Induction

Induction is the process of inducing a new employee into the social setting of
his work.

4.2 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Finance is the heart for every organization. The department finance manager
controls the finance department. The manager is responsible for dealing with the
fixed capital term loan working capital and preparation of all stator accounts.

The total value of the investment is Rs.1 cor4ers. Monthly turnover of the
firm is around Rs.25 lakes. The mill has obtained assistance from Tamil nadu
mercantile bank in Theni,for working capital is Rs.25 lakes worth and the machinery
cost is Rs,50 lakes worth.The firm has made initial investment from partner’
s
contribution and by way of bank loan.

Loan

Working capital term loan for Machine 8

lakes.
 18

Finance department is the core of any organization, Planning is an event

wheels Execution is an achievement. For every achievement there should be as well
plan. So this is mainly undertaken in this department.

Someway the finance is also very important for a good and genuine
organization. Finance is a yardstick to measure the financial position of a concern.
Such a mystery finance has been well planned and controlled and controlled by a
qualified personality.

4.2.1 Accounting system

There are three types of accounting system like

v Financial Accounting
v Cost Accounting
v Management Accounting

Are well maintained by this department individually .Before discussing about the
function and working of this department we have to know about the sources of fund.

4.2.2 Inflow of fund

v Business profit
v Loans from banks
v Over draft and cash credit facilities from bank
v Fixed deposits
v Sale of scraps

4.2.3 Out flow of funds

Broadly speaking outflow a can be divided into major ways.

v Production expenses
v Administrative expenses
v Buying and administrative expenses

Generally the administration expenses met and maintained by the cashier in the
central officer. Sometimes even the expenses of the production unit are also met in
 19

the central office. But normally it is met through the bank in order to fix the internal
check auditing

4.2.4 Sources of finance

The various sources of finance for the firm in the initial stages are mostly
from borrowings from relatives and proprietor’
s own savings and part of it is from
the fund raised as loan from the fund raised as loan from the financial institutions.

4.2.5 Working capital

Working Capital is very much necessary for the smooth running of day today
activities of the business. The working capital requirement need is mostly catered by
planning firm’
s own profit financial institute.

4.2.6 Accounts

The word accounting is referred as the languages of business. Accounting is

done and Designed to prepare the financial statement periodically once in the year.
The ,main purpose of accounting is to ascertain profit and loss during a specified
period and to show the financial position of the firm for a specified period and to
show the financial position of the business on a particular date to have control over
the firm’
s property.

All receipts and payments the industry is recorded in the book of accounts.
The record is verified with an equal by the internal Audit Party, finally the balance
sheet prepared, it must be signed by the quailed Chartered Accountant.

4.2.7 Importance of accounts

The company to ascertain accurately the financial; result of its business

operation and its financial position at the end of period prepares accounts. It also
provides the share holders of the company public at large and large and it sight into
the financial position of the company. It enables them to have more knowledge and
purposeful control over the affairs of the company.

The Companies Act 1956 makes it compulsory for every company to

maintain books of Accounts in the prescribed manner and to make available to its
 20

members information contained in the accounts in the form of annual accounts but in
case of these type of firms it is not compulsory to record its transactions. It is always
good to record such transactions because it helps lot in decision making and in
predicting the future. Accounting system of the industry is the process of identifying,
measuring and communication and information. It facilities decision making with
the use of information and to meet statutory requirements.

4.2.8 Maintaining books of accounts

The following books are maintained to their day today affairs of the business.

1. Cash book
2. Bank book
3. Purchase book
4. Sales book
5. Journal book

1.Cash book

In this book has two kinds of Vouchers are maintained.

(i)Cash payment Vouchers

(ii)Salary and wages Vouchers

(i)Cash payment vouchers

In this type of Vouchers only cash transactions are handled. M INIUM RS1/-TO
UP TO Rs.19000/- will reimburse by voucher. As per Income Tax, the company Act
1961 has permitted to give up to Rs.19000/-by cash only. If the amount exceeds the
payment will be made by Cheque/Demand Draft only.

The following are the specimen for cash vouchers:

1. Travelling expenses voucher.

2. Salary and wages Voucher
3. Over time wages Voucher
4. Raw material lorry freight Voucher
 21

(ii)Cash receipt voucher

It means nothing but when ever payment is made in advance to staff/workers or

somebody, they will in turn return cash receipt voucher. The advance may be for
this purpose or for the purchase of raw material.

2. Bank book

This Book has two kinds of vouchers.

(i)Bank Receipt Vouchers.

(ii)Bank payment Vouchers

(i)Bank receipt vouchers

It means a person making payment to company by way his due. The due comes
for the purchase of finished product for his own or in trade purpose. We should keep
in mind 90% of funds have come by way of bank receipt only.

(ii)Bank payment vouchers

It is nothing but, the company shall make their payment by cash exceeds
Rs.19000/-More than 80% PF payment are going by Cheque/Demand Draft only.
The company issue Cheque/Demand Draft for their following dues.

1. Purchase Of Raw Material

2. Purchase of Machinery/ Spares
3. Purchase of by products.

Purchase book

The trend of this competitive world is to given up to date to management the

company has maintain the following books of accounts’
.

1. Raw Material purchase Register

2. Raw Material Suppliers Register
3. Consolidation Register for Raw Material purchase.
 22

Raw martial purchase register

It reveals all type of purchase made during the accounting year. From this we can
to ascertain net purchase of raw materials during the year.

This is called supplementary register, mean while we give mush importance to

this register because all supplier liabilities are shown in this register. From this we
can know the,net liability regarding raw material purchase during the year.

Sales book

It is one of the main register in the organization, because all kinds of sales
transaction reentered in the register.

It includes the local sale of its products within Tamilnadu like Madurai, Erode,
Karur, Tiruppur and Salem. The company has maintained separate register for m its
depot of consignment sales.

4.2.9 General ledger

In means consolidation of all books of accounts, after necessary ledger postings

it helps us to basis for preparing trial Balance profit and loss account and balance
direct.

4.2.10 Sub ledgers

The company has maintaining the following sub-ledger

a) Creditors Ledgers
b) Debtors Ledger

Creditors for Machinery Purchases Ledger.

a) Creditors for other Capital Goods Ledger

b) Creditors for Raw Material purchase Leger.
c) Creditors for Trading Material Purchase
d) Liability for Expenses LEDGER.
 23

Debtor’
s ledger.

a) Debtors for Interstate Sales Ledger

b) Standard of Quality control
c) Debtors for Trading Material. Sales Ledger
d) Debtors for Waste Sales Ledger.

4.3 PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Purchasing to a manufacturing concern is of extreme importance. Because if has

its bearing on every vital factor covering the manufacture that it’
s quality, cost,
efficiently economy, prompt, delivery, volume, production, etc., it is scientific
purchasing that can be save more money time and efforts of the management.

Mainly raw materials like cotton, viscose, staple virgin cotton staple fiber
polyester stable and cotton waste are purchased. In our country the cotton growing
states are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

The main raw materials are cotton and viscose. The raw materials are purchased
after getting various samples from different cotton merchants ,they supply it along
with full specification such as varieties, rates, staple length etc., regarding raw
materials, the purchase manger will call for allocation from various suppliers. Before
purchasing the cotton the purchase manager will check the stock level requirements.

Then he will take the decision how much to order. After receiving the
information finally the company selects the suppliers, the company places orders
with them

Textile manufacturing is a major industry. It is based in the conversion of three

type of fiber into yarn, then fabric, then textiles. These are than fabricated into
clothes or other artifacts. Cotton remains the most important natural; fiber, so is
treated in depth.

There are many variable processes available at the spinning and fabric-forming
stages coupled with complexities of the finishing and coloration processes to the
techniques to achieves the same results
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Purchasing is a managerial activity which goes beyond the simple act of buying
and includes the planning and policy activities covering a wide range of related and
complementary activities.

The purchase officers are the people responsible for discharging purchasing
function. The head of the section of the department is the purchasing agent, also
known s the purchasing officer, manager or buyer.

After selecting the best source of purchase the next task is to p-lace the order.
For this, the company makes a legal order within the supplier on a form known as a
purchase order.

4.3.1 Principles of Purchasing

There are three types of company. Their trading determines their approach to
purchasing.

1. No Stock

No stock companies make to contract, purchasing and production is initiated

when the customer has entered in to a contract with the manufacturer. After
completing the products the manufacturer provides a limited storage facility,
enabling the customer to call of the garments when needed in the shops.

1. Fabric stock

Fabric stock companies purchase materials in anticipation of customer contracts

and hold in stock when confirmed, the manufacturer is bale to proceed worth cutting
and assembly, and finished garments are then called off by the customer.

2. Garment stock

Garment stock companies produce range of garments of their own design, the
purchase materials, manufacture the garments and put them in stock; customers
select garments from catalogue, which are dispatched on receipt of contract.
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4.4 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Our textile makes the production process for manufacturing the goods and
services which are created for customers. It includes the activities of procurement
and utilization of the factors of production namely men, material and equipment.
The step by step conversion of raw material into finished product is known as
production department.

Mainly raw materials like cotton, viscose, staple virgin cotton, staple fiber,
polyester stable and cotton waste are purchased. In our country the cotton growing
states are Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Gujarat

The main raw material is cotton and viscose. The materials are purchased field
getting various samples from are varieties, rates, staple, length etc., regarding raw
materials, are purchase manger will call for allocation from various suppliers. First
step is to purchase the quality of material. After selecting the suppliers the company
place orders with them. Textile manufacturing is a major industry. It is based in the
conversion of three types of fibre, into yarn, then fabric, then textiles, then textiles.
There are then fabricated into clothes or other artifacts. Cotton remains the most
important natural fiber, so is treated in depth. The following are the various stages of
production.

v Mixing or Blending
v Blow room
v Carding
v Sliver lap
v Ribbon lap,
v COMBER
v Draw frame

Experts keenly manage these various stages. The super spinning mills give more
priority for quality. The various production processes in details:
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4.4.1 Mixing

There are different varieties of raw cotton purchased from various firms. There
various varieties of raw cotton are together according to the needs of the count.

Mixing is “
the process of blending two or more varieties of raw cottons on the
ration basis”
. The mixing process is also known as blending process.

4.4.2 Blow room

In blowing process, Dust and leaves are processed through blow room,which
is having a series of machines for “
opening and clearing”
. The wastages are
extracted or removed by means of beater. Afterpurification, the cotton is rolled in a
roller. The rolled form of cotton is called as “
Lap”

In the blow room lap weighting is the usual practice. The lap weight will be changed
according to the different counts of yarn, but the length and width will remain the
same.

The whole room lap weighing is the automatic system. The blow room is a very
important process where fire accident usually occurs. Super insured its blow room.

4.4.3 Carding

The third stage of the process is “

The process is carried on in the card room.
Cardings used to individualizations of fibers from combs of cotton and removers the
impurities. In other words, the well-opened cotton is fed into the carding machine
improve parallelization of the fibers and also to convert the loose fibers in

4.4.4 Silver lap and cotton lap

The purified cotton from carding is converted into fibres. These fibers are
collected is called as “
silver”
. In carding fine silver threads are produced by
removing short fibres. The carding silver passed through combing machines to
remove dust and fibres
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4.4.5 Comber

The next stage of carding process is called as combing. The out of threads from
the carding will not in parallel if the “
Combing”process is used. During the process
of combining the specified percentage of short fibers is removed, from the mass. For
improving the quality of yarn short fibers in the cotton are to be removed, the
comber removes the short fibers and also strengthens the yarn.

4.4.6 Draw frame

Drawing machine from draw frame is in the form of silver”threads with

paralyzed fibres, which when fed in twist machines. The combed sliver is fed to
simplex machine for a reduction in size, and is obtained on Bobbin shape.

4.4.7Simplex

The outcome from draw frame is in the form of silver “

thread with paralyzed
fibers, which when fed in twist machines. The combed sliver is fed to simplex
machine for reduction in size, and is obtained on Bobbin shape.

4.4.8 Spinning

Spinning process is the key function. The bobbin shaped thin sliver is passed
through the drafting rollers of a ring frame in order to obtain the designed diameter
while a set of twist is inserted to bind the fibres. Then the output is obtained.

4.4.9 Winding

The smaller length of crop obtained from the ring frame is converted into
packages on a winding machine and the defects like thick, thin and impurities are
removed during this process.

4.5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

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Marketing department is the process of planning and executing the

conception, pricing .promotion and distribution of goods services and ideas to create
exchange with target groups that satisfies customer and organizational objectives.

MARKETING MANAGER

MARKETING EXECUTIVE

MARKETING ASSISTANCE

4.5.1 Steps in Marketing Department

A) Understanding Market Opportunities

Marketing planning stats from understanding the market and the opportunities it
offers. The small apparel firms have to regularly watch assess the marker
environment either in domestic or overseas. They have to have a strong sense about
the fashion cycle which determines the demand for any apparel product. This is very
important to predict what will happen to the product in future. A fashion cycle has
five distinctive but continuous stages such as introduction in future.

A fashion cycle has five distinctive but continuous stages such as introduction,
rise, peak, decline and rejection. The cycle may also recur after certain number of
latent years. Many, fashions cycles might behave like a fad and a few cycles would
continue as classics. Fads are fashions thatare adopted quickly with and great
enthusiasm and decline very fast .Classics fashions always stay in consumer day-to-
day life.

For example, cotton sari is a classic and boot cut jeans is a fad, Apart from this,
the marketers must be vigilant about the competitors activity. For example, the
competitors might come up with innovative new products to serve a niche market
that would be substantial enough to hold interest.
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Further, they should also look at the supplies, distributes and retailers volume of
business and profitability to expand the business in terms of forward or backward
integration.

B) Segmenting the Market

All the customers are not the same. Their and wants differ. Hence, the marketing
efforts can not be the same for all the customers. But there may be Similarities
among group of customers in terms of their needs and wants. Segmenting is nothing
but identifying such groups.

For a small apparel manufacturer, it may be in terms of export agents, Import

agents, retailers and end consumers. The marketing efforts of the manufacturer
should be specifically suited to the particular segment first, second and so on. The
segmentation my go to the next level called identifying very narrow segment which
is called as niche. The ultimate level of segmentation is one to one marketing.

C) Positioning and Differentiating the Offer

When the manufactures is targeting its efforts on a particular segment, the

segment should recognize the manufactures distinctive offering. In their minds,
consumers associate the popular Raymond’
s brand for its premium and high quality
suits.

This is the position Raymond’

s has consciously developed over the years through
their complete man features that the product has. The small apparel firm can position
itself in terms of the quality certificates that it would have received from respectable
certification agency or it may position itself for offering best value for money or
number or years of existence.

D) Developing Marketing Mix Strategies.

Most of the decision in marketing can be classified into four P’

s: Product, price,
place and promotion. Product means the goods-and-services combination the firm
offers to the target market. It includes decisions related to the quality of the yarn,
fabric, dye, stitching and design of the fabric as well as apparel, branding and
accompanied services.
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Pricing includes the decisions related to list price, discounts allowances and
payment-period and credit terms. Place means the activities of the firm that make the
product available to target consumers. It includes decisions such as distributor
network or having own retail shops, transportation, logistic and factory locations.
Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade
target customers to buy it. It includes advertising, sales promotion, personal selling
and public relations decisions. All these decisions can be manipulated for strategic
purpose of entering, growing and competing in the market. The marketing mix
decisions help the firm to actually establish a strong positioning in the minds of the
target customers.

4.6 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

The term “
Quality Control”consist of two words namely quality and control.
Quality refers to combination of the characteristics that distinguish from in to
another in term of their size, design, color materials and finished goods etc., the
control refers to the comparison of standard and actual location of deviation.

4.7 FINISHING AND PACKAGING DEPARTMENT

4.7.1 Finishing department

After the function over in the processing department the products are sent to the
finishing department in that department the following works have been done:

v Cutting
v Grading
v Stitching
v Scissoring

4.7.2 PACKAGING DEPARTMENT:

The packaging department done the packaging unit after finished goods is come
underthe grounds. The goods are covered by polythene bag and then are packaged in
bags. The number of towels in the each package will vary depending upon the
requirements
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4.8 STORES DEPARTMENT

Storage is the function of receiving storing and issuing material. It involve the
supervision of raw materials and ensure that they due maintained in good condition.

Stores are not meant for stocking purchased, materials’alone. Semi finished
goods finished goods, spares and consumable are also kept in stores.

Our stores manger, one store keeper, one assistant store keeper and their cotton
go down of managing director of stores management.

It is a servicing facility, inside on organization responsible for proper storage or the

material and then issuing it to respective department on proper requisition.

The custodian of stores is generally known as stores or stores controller. There items,
which are not use for some specifies duration, e.g. spare parts and the raw materials
are called and stores in building or space where these are kept in known as stores
room.

CHAPTER V –CONCLUSION
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5.1 CONCLUSION

From this study, I have almost the organization structure of Bojaraj textile
mills Ltd., Thought this training I got an idea about the functions of the quality
departments. I got a wonderful experience and the organization people. In this
organization it has been found that this company maintaining good relationship
with workers and the workers are compensate properly. The company
renders service to the public by means of offering good quality of yarn at
reasonable prices and also it provides as more employment opportunities to the
poor people. It provides good working condition and other facilities to the
workers. Particularly to say, quality circle is a very important concept that is
implemented in this organization it is a way of problem solving techniques as
well side by side unity becomes very strong among the employee.

REFERENCES
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1. PRINCIPLESOFMANAGEMENT - L.M. Prasad

2. HUMAN RESOURCEMANAGEMENT - Himalaya Publishing
3. MANAGEMENT& ORGANIZATIONS

STUDIES COLLECTION - Sage Publications

4. http:/ / www.google.com
5. http:/ / www.wikipedia.com

Pictures:
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