NAME : PUJA LESTARI

CLASS : PSIK B

1. Summary of Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is an infectious feverish disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella

typhi(Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi ) and less commonly by Salmonella paratyphi. And
through food and beverages that have been contaminated. Coused of typhoid fever is caused by
the bacterium Salmonella Typhi,Ingestion of contaminated food or water,Contact with an acute
case of typhoid fever, Water is contaminated where inadequate sewerage systems and poor
sanitation,Contact with a chronic asymptomatic carrier,Eating food or drinking beverages that
handled by a person carrying the bacteria. Symptoms of thyphoid fever such as Poor appetite,
Headaches, Lethargy, Diarrhea,Have a sustained fever as high as 103 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit
(39 to 40 degrees Celsius),Constipation, mild vomiting, slow heartbeat. When typhoid fever
continues untreated for more than two or three weeks, the effected individual may be delirious or
unable to stand and move, and the eyes may be partially open during this time. At this point fatal
complications may emerge.

How does the bacteria cause disease ?

Ingestion of contaminated food or water by Salmonella bacteria and then invade small
intestine and enter the bloodstream and carried by white blood cells in the liver, spleen, and bone
marrow so that Multiply and reenter the bloodstream,Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary
system, and the lymphatic tissue of the bowel and multiply in high numbers then pass into the
intestinal tract and can be identified for diagnosis in cultures from the stool tested in the
laboratory

Examination of supporting from typhoid fever among others : (Blood, bone marrow, or
stool cultures test),widal test, slide agglutination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Prevention
typhoid fever is vaccination : to prevent this disease now there is no typhoid vaccine is injected or
drunk, avoid foods that are not clean, wash hands before eating. And for treatment with antibiotics,
such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin etc used to treat typhoid fever. Prompt treatment of the disease
with antibiotics reduces the case-fatality rate to approximately 1%
2. VOCABULARY

1. Beverages : Minuman
2. Inadequate : Tidak Memadai
3. Sewerage : pembuangan kotoran
4. Poor : kurang
5. poisoning : Keracunan
6. Lethargy : lesu
7. Sustained :berkelanjutan
8. Chest congestion : nyeri dada
9. Discomfort : ketidaknyamanan
10. Invade : menyerang
11. spleen : limfa
12. Multiply : memperbanyak, berkembangbiak dll
13. The gallbladder : kantung empedu
14. biliary system : sistem empedu
15. stool tested : kultur tinja
16. characterized : ditandai
17. fatigue : kelelahan
18. weakness : kelemahan
19. skin rash : ruam kulit
20. most likely : kemungkinan besar
21. distended. : buncit
22. delirious :mengigau
23. Prompt :cepat,tepat,segera
24. Reduces : mengurangi
25. approximately : Sekitar

3. Ya i’m agree, because as a nursing should have extensive knowladge by reed other journals
or books can add the knowladge
4. After graduated from stikes i have a picture work in the good hospital and work with the tim
other medical.
5. May be, because of used the english in workplace may be there will communicate habit with
english will add confidence in communicate with english and may be later i will work in the
international hospital