English

Lesson 1
Pronouns

I
You
He/She/It
We
You
They

The Verb "To Be"

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am. I am not. Am I?
You are. You are not. Are you?
He is. He is not. Is he?
She is. She is not. Is she?
It is. It is not. Is it?
We are. We are not. Are we?
You are. You are not. Are you?
They are. They are not. Are they?

Since I am a great scholar, does it mean that I must teach?1

You are worthy of bliss eternal, Nāropa,

On the path of infinite reality.2

The Ultimate in which all become the same

Is free of habit-forming thought and limitations.3

Following this demon of their thoughts

They are fettered.4

1
Examples taken from The Life and Teaching of Nāropa, translated by Herbert V. Guenther. P. 90.
2
P. 80.
3
P. 30.
4
P. 176.
This, That, These, Those

The various ideas on this and that

Which cause birth in Samsāra,
Cut them as they arise, Nāropa,
With the sharp knife of intuitive understanding.5

This rock of your body believing in an I

Must be ground to powder, Nāropa.6

A magic spell, a dream, a gleam before the eyes,

A reflection, lightning, an echo, a rainbow,
Moonlight upon water, clound-land, dimness
Before the eyes, fog and apparitions,
These are the twelve similes of the phenomenal.7

To those beings with pure vision his authentic ('rainbow') Vajrakāya, resplendent in a fivefold light, endowed with all the
major and minor marks in highest perfection, surrounded by music and perfume, became more and more subtle and was completed
as Dharmakāya which is ultimate fulfilment, unoriginatedness, the indestructible sound A, radiant light, and nothingness.8

Numbers

1 - one 11 - eleven 21 - twenty-one 40 - forty

2 - two 12 - twelve 22 - twenty-two 50 - fifty
3 - three 13 - thirteen 23 - twenty-three 60 - sixty
4 - four 14 - fourteen 24 - twenty-four 70 - seventy
5 - five 15 - fifteen 25 - twenty-five 80 - eighty
6 - six 16 - sixteen 26 - twenty-six 90 - ninety
7 - seven 17 - seventeen 27 - twenty-seven 100 - one hundred
8 - eight 18 - eighteen 28 - twenty-eight 200 - two hundred
9 - nine 19 - nineteen 29 - twenty-nine 1000 - one thousand
10 - ten 20 - twenty 30 - thirty 10,000 - ten thousand

The Buddhist Tantric analysis of appearance reveals the error of the modern western supposition that the totality of immediately
apprehended fact can be accounted for by the mere aggregation of impermanent differentiations.9

5
P. 93.
6 P. 69.
7
P. 63.
8
P. 100.
9
P. 49.
The Verb "To Have"

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I have. I have not (haven't) Have I?

You have. You have not (haven't). Have you?
He has. He has not (hasn't). Has he?
She has. She has not (hasn't). Has she?
It has. It has not (hasn't). Has it?
We have. We have not (haven't) Have we?
You have. You have not (haven't). Have you?
They have. They have not (haven't). Have they?

Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Singular Plural
Adjective Pronoun Adjective Pronoun

1st person my mine our ours

2nd person your yours your yours
3rd person his/her his/hers their theirs

My, Mine
This is my book, it belongs to me, it is mine.

Your, Yours
This is your book, it belongs to you, it is your book, it is yours.

His, Him
That is his book, it belongs to him, it is his.

Her, Hers
That is her book, it belongs to her, it is hers.

Our, Ours
This is our book, it belongs to us, it is ours.

Their, Theirs
This is their book, it belongs to them, it is theirs.

If my yearning be not stilled

By the Guru's grace which is like
The nectar stream of Tantra essence
Wide as the ocean, despite my attainments
Virtues and supersensible congnitions
I have not seen Reality.10

10
P. 28.