Development of Psychosocial and Spiritual Problems

Successful
homeostasis
Threat Coping
Unmet needs Fear/anxiety
(real/imagined) mechanisms
Unsuccessful
maladaptation

Ego Defense Mechanisms Cognitive Manifestation of Stress

1. Denial – blocking painful stimuli 1. Problem solving – analytical approach to
2. Rationalization – sour-grapes, half-truth; solve the problem
false reasoning 2. Structuring – manipulation of a situation
3. Repression – painful events can’t be to prevent occurrence of threatening
recalled events
4. Compensation – substitution an activity 3. Self-control (discipline) – feeling of being
5. Displacement – transfer an emotion from in control
the actual object to a less threatening 4. Suppression – consciously putting a
substitute thought or feeling out of mind (you can
6. Sublimation – sexual/aggressive never escape from it!!)
behavior into socially acceptable 5. Fantasy/daydreaming – desires are
behavior imagined as fulfilled
 If not, diseases occur (e.g. 6. Prayer – belief in supernatural force
exhibitionist)
7. Regression – going back to previous Verbal and Motor Manifestation of Stress
developmental stage 1. Verbal abuse
8. Identification – unconscious imitation of a. Laughing
the personality of another person b. Screaming
9. Projection – to point to others 2. Motor
10. Conversion – transforming a mental a. Hitting/kicking
conflict into a physical symptom b. Holding and touching
11. Reaction formation – acting oppositely
to what the person truly feels

Psychological Manifestation of Stress

Fear: perceived threat
- Anger: strong displeasure
- Depression: sadness and dejection
 Light – parents didn’t allow you to
go to a concert
 Medium