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By Khalid Shamkhi
1.‘Style’ is a term used to refer to ‘the personal use an individual makes in speech
or writing of the language available to him.’ (Hartmann and Stork ,1972). In other
words it refers the choices a speaker or writer makes from among the phonological
grammatical and lexical resources of his language(Beogrande and
Dressler,1981:16)
The study of style is called stylistics .Traditionally ,it was carried out to
investigate ‘variations in usage among literary and other texts,’ or more generally
‘any systematic variation, in either speech or writing which relates to the type of
discourse or its context’(Matthews ,2007 :385).Thus ,public lectures have a style
different from that of casual conversations among friends .However ,the words
style and stylistics have now the specialized , narrow usage of linguistics applied to
literature .According to Katie Wales(2001) ‘the goal of most stylistics is not simply
to describe the formal features of texts for their own sake, but in order to show
their functional significance for the interpretation of the text; or in order to relate
literary effects to linguistic 'causes' where these are felt to be relevant.’
3.Discourse Analysis and Stylistics are broad-based disciplines which deal with
the functional aspects of language. Both aim to show why and how the text means
what it means (linguistically). While D.A. analyzes what is communicated in
Discourse, Stylistics analyzes how it is communicated. In Stylistics we are more
concerned with showing the uniqueness of the text we are analyzing .On the other
hand in discourse analysis we are concerned with showing how a text analyzed is
not unique .It is typical of its kind. Thus studies of classroom interaction and
doctor-patient interaction aim to arrive at generalizations that characterize such
discourses.
The two disciplines often interact with each other. Thus Discourse-Stylistics is
concerned with the analysis of communication to reveal its function, using various
tools of interpretation including textual peculiarities. Such analysis enables us to
appreciate style. Basically, it is concerned with the identification, description and
explanation of stylistic features in a given text or discourse situation(Opara ,2005).
References
Aitchison , Jean(1999)Linguistics .London: Hodder Headline.
Beogrande and Dressler(1981)Introduction to Text Linguistics. English
Translation. London: Longman
Crystal, David(2003)A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics.5th ed .
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing LTD.
Hartmann ,R.R.K. & Stork ,F.C.(1972)A Dictionary of Language and
Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers LTD.
Leech ,G.,Margaret ,Deuchar &Robert Hoogenraad (1982)English
Grammar for Today. London: Macmillan Publishers LTD.