Assignment

I14ma019

𝑏
Q20. ∫𝑎 (𝑥 2 𝑦 ′2 + 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 )𝑑𝑥
0
Q21. ∫−1(− 𝑦 ′2 + 12𝑥𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 , 𝑦(−1) = 1 , 𝑦(0) = 0
2
Q22. ∫1 ( 𝑦 ′2 + 2𝑦𝑦′ + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 , 𝑦(1) = 1 , 𝑦(2) = 0

ANSWERS

Q20. 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑦’) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′2 + 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦

𝜕𝐹 𝑑 𝜕𝐹
Euler Equation: - ( ) = 0
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑦 ′
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
 = 4𝑦 + 2𝑥 & ( ) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦′
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 ′
 4𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦" = 0
 2𝑥 2 𝑦" + 4𝑥𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 = 2𝑥
 𝑥 2 𝑦" + 2𝑥𝑦′ − 2𝑦 = 2𝑥 -----(1)
Put log 𝑥 = 𝑡 ,
 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 = = 𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 2
𝑑 𝑦
 = (𝑥 )= + 𝑥2 2 =𝑥 + 𝑥2 2
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

From above Equation (1) becomes,

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+ − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 The auxiliary equation: 𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0
 𝑚 = −2, +1
C.F. 𝑐𝑒 −2𝑡 + 𝑑𝑒 𝑡 , where 𝑐, 𝑑 are arbitrary constants
𝑡𝑒𝑡
P.I. 3

−2𝑡 𝑡 𝑡𝑒 𝑡
=> 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑒 +𝑒 𝑑+
3

𝒙𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒙
 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒙−𝟐 + 𝒙𝒅 +
𝟑

Q21. 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑦’) = −𝑦 ′2 + 12𝑥𝑦

𝜕𝐹 𝑑 𝜕𝐹
Euler Equation: - ( ) = 0
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑦 ′
𝜕𝐹 𝜕𝐹
 = 12𝑥 & ( ) = −2𝑦′
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 ′
 𝑦” + 6𝑥 = 0
 𝑦’ = −3𝑥 2 + 𝑐
 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
Now,
𝑦(−1) = 1
 d=c
o 𝑦(0) = 0
 𝑑=𝑐=0
 𝒚 = −𝒙𝟑
Q22. 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑦′) = 𝑦 ′2 + 2𝑦𝑦′ + 𝑦 2
Here 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑦’) is independent of x, therefore
𝜕𝐹
Euler Equation: 𝐹 − 𝑦 ′ =𝑐
𝜕𝑦 ′

 𝑦 ′2 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 ′ (2𝑦 + 2𝑦 ′ ) = 𝑐
 𝑦 ′2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐 ′
 𝑦 ′ = ±√𝑐 ′ + 𝑦 2
 𝑦 = ln(𝑦 ± √𝑐 ′ + 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑑
Given: 𝑦(1) = 1 ,
 𝑑 = 1 − ln(1 ± √𝑐 ′ + 1)
Now, 𝑦(2) = 0,
 𝑑 = − ln(2 ± √𝑐 ′ + 4)