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origin played in Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and Southern Thailand.
Close variants are Dakon or Dhakon (Java), Sungka (Philippines), Chongka' (Marianas), Jogklak
(interior of Java); Dentuman Lamban (Lampung), Mokaotan, Maggaleceng, Aggalacang or Nogarata
(Celebes), Chonka (Sri Lanka) and Naranj (Maldives).
Congkak has simple rules that allow the boards to have different numbers of holes. Congkak boards
are often made of teak or mahogany wood are often elaborately carved into various shapes such as
naga or birds.
Congkak, which is often considered a game for girls, has simple rules that allow the boards to have
different numbers of holes. Congkak boards are often made of teak or mahogany wood are often
elaborately carved into various shapes such as naga or birds.
The word congkak is believed to originate from old Malay "congak", meaning "mental calculation"
which is mainly practiced in this game. It is regarded that an efficient player who mentally calculates
a few steps in advance will have an advantage in collecting points to win the game.
The word congkak or congklak also means cowrie shells, used in the game.
The game is played with a set of 144 tiles based on Chinese characters and symbols, although some
regional variations may omit some tiles and/or add unique tiles. In most variations, each player
begins by receiving 13 tiles. In turn players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand
using the 14th drawn tile to form 4 melds (or sets) and a pair (eye). A player can also win with a
small class of special hands. There are fairly standard rules about how a piece is drawn, how a piece
is robbed from another player, the use of simples (numbered tiles) and honors (winds and dragons),
the kinds of melds allowed, how to deal the tiles and the order of play. Despite these similarities,
there are many regional variations to the rules including rather different scoring systems, criteria for
legal winning hands and even private table rules which distinguish some variations as notably
different styles of mahjong.
Kabaddi (கபடி- Tamil) is a contact team sport. It is popular in South Asia and is the state game of
the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Punjab and Telangana.[1]
Kabaddi is played between two teams of seven players; the object of the game is for a single player
on offence—referred to as a "raider"—to run into the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as
many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court—all without being
tackled by the defenders. Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing
team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or
tackled, but can be "revived" for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.
The game is known by its regional names in different parts of the subcontinent, such as Kabaddi or
Chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh, Kabaddi in Karnataka, Kerala and Telangana, Hadudu in Bangladesh,
Bhavatik in Maldives, Kauddi or Kabaddi in the Punjab region, Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India and Hu-Do-
Do in Eastern India and chadakudu in South India.